1、第三章 翻譯的基本技巧Translation Techniques 第四部分Part FourProcedures of today:ConversionDivision Exercises in classAssignments of today Conversion 句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)譯主語的轉(zhuǎn)譯：在英語句子中，能夠作主語的可以是單詞、詞組、短語或從句，其位置一般都在謂語的前面。在譯成漢語時(shí)，一般情況下可以保留主語在句中的位置。The most frightening thing of all was that no sound could be heard in the cave. 最可怕的事

2、情是在那個(gè)山洞里什么東西都聽不到。主語轉(zhuǎn)譯為定語、賓語、狀語、謂語He has a different opinion from others.他的觀點(diǎn)與眾不同。Nowadays, a typical radio transmitter has a power of 100 kilowatts so that it can broadcast information over a large area of influence. 如今，一臺(tái)常見的無線電發(fā)射機(jī)的功率已達(dá)到100千瓦，因此它的播送范圍很大。Thorp was almost unanimously chosen the greate

3、st athlete of modern times.人們幾乎一致地推選索普為現(xiàn)代最偉大的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。As the match burns, heat and light are given off.火柴燃燒時(shí)發(fā)出光和熱。Waiting for Mr. Ambassador to see me for such a long time made me very unhappy last Friday.上個(gè)星期五，我因長(zhǎng)久地等候大使先生接見我而感到非常不快。His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the

4、first convenient shade. 他疲憊不堪，天氣也越來越熱。于是，他決心只要一碰到舒適的陰涼處，就坐下來休息。In recent years increasing attention had been paid to the economic benefit in the production of our factory. 近年來，我廠越來越注重經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。賓語轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語、謂語Take it easy. A cup of hot coffee will make you feel better.放松點(diǎn)，你喝些熱咖啡就會(huì)感覺好些的。Light beams can carry mo

5、re information than radio signals because light has a much higher frequency than radio waves.光束運(yùn)載的信息比無線電運(yùn)載的信息多，因?yàn)楣獠ǖ念l率比無線電波高。Atoms differ in their atomic weights.各種原子的原子量是各不相同的。The secretary cast impatient glances at the young man, turned away without answering his questions. 秘書不耐煩地看了看這個(gè)年輕人，轉(zhuǎn)過頭去，沒有理

6、睬他的問題。定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為謂語、狀語、表語There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction. 由于摩擦而損耗了大量的能量。We should have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of computer science.我們應(yīng)該牢固掌握計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的基本知識(shí)。The earth was formed from the same kind of materials that makes up the sun. 構(gòu)成地球的物質(zhì)與構(gòu)成太陽的物質(zhì)是相同的。 Division: 分譯法就是在翻譯的時(shí)候?qū)⒂⒄Z中

7、的長(zhǎng)句化整為零，在原句的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉(zhuǎn)折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主題的連接處，按意群將句子切分開，譯成漢語分句或獨(dú)立句。漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常比較松散，但漢語句子非常注重語義的連貫性，所呈現(xiàn)出的漢語敘事特點(diǎn)是平鋪直敘，起、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合一般都是隱含在字里行間的，比較注重邏輯上的關(guān)系，如時(shí)間先后關(guān)系、前因后果關(guān)系等。Some more examples: His appointment to the position is still in doubt. 能否任命他擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)職務(wù)，還有待于進(jìn)一步的決定。The statement declared that the internation

8、al economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen. 聲明宣稱國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序必須改變，否則發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家之間的差距將繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。But another conflict on the borders clearly would put strains on neighborly relations between the two countries. 但是，如果在邊界再次發(fā)生沖突，顯然會(huì)使這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的和睦關(guān)系處于緊張狀態(tài)。

9、Achieving these will depend, in very large measure, upon the mobilization and education of the entire population, in particular, on improving the education of girls and women who are, at once, the most educationally deprived part of the population and that with the greatest unexploited potential and

10、 talent. 要達(dá)到這些目的，在很大程度上要依賴于動(dòng)員和教育全體人民，尤其是要依賴于改善對(duì)女童和婦女的教育。在全部人口中，她們既是教育權(quán)利上被剝奪最深的一部分，又是具有最大的尚未發(fā)掘的潛力和才能的一部分。Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so endured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that e

11、nvironment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. 人類把自己和其它動(dòng)物區(qū)別開來。與此同時(shí)，人類還具有觀察和了解周圍環(huán)境的能力。他們要么適應(yīng)環(huán)境，要么控制環(huán)境，或根據(jù)自身的需要改造環(huán)境。人類就這樣一代代的生存下來。一定要言行一致，理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，反對(duì)華而不實(shí)和任何虛夸，少說空話，多做工作，扎扎實(shí)實(shí)，埋頭苦干。Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated. We must reject flashiness without s

12、ubstance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated. 拿我們這些人來說，很多人每年都有一些進(jìn)步。Take those of us present here for example. Many of us make some progress each year.Exercises in class:Without air, the earth would undergo extreme changes i

13、n temperature.Much progress has been made in computer science in the last 20 years.Bad weather prevented us from going camping last weekend.In every corner of the campus, talk of Chinas entering WTO is in the air.Before graduation we should make full use of the time left to arm ourselves with more k

14、nowledge. An automobile must have a brake with high efficiency.Keys to the exercises:沒有空氣，地球的溫度會(huì)發(fā)生極大的變化。計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)在近20年內(nèi)取得了很大的進(jìn)步。上周末因天氣不好，我們沒去野營(yíng)。在校園里學(xué)生們廣泛地談?wù)撝袊?guó)加入世貿(mào)組織的問題。在畢業(yè)前，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用剩下的時(shí)間，用更多的知識(shí)來武裝自己。汽車的剎車必須高度有效。Exercises in class: High-tech products of various types also can be manufactured in our coun

15、try.Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks in this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have grea

16、t differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences. 但他性情不同，既不求官爵，又不交朋友，終日閉門讀書。這種床墊工藝先進(jìn)、結(jié)構(gòu)新穎、造型美觀、款式多樣、舒適大方、攜帶方便。Keys to the exercises:我國(guó)也能制造各種類型的高科技產(chǎn)品。除了談?wù)搶W(xué)生作弊現(xiàn)象的上升外，全國(guó)各地的大學(xué)生已決定采取實(shí)際行動(dòng)。我希望我們?cè)诒局艿臅?huì)談將會(huì)是坦率的。讓我們本著坦率的精神從一開始就承認(rèn)這樣幾點(diǎn)：過去的一些時(shí)期內(nèi)我們?cè)?jīng)是敵人，今天我們有著巨大的分歧。我們之所以走到一起，是由于我們有著超越這些分歧的共同利益。He was, however, eccentric. He did not look fo