1、形容詞和副詞一、形容詞的語法功能1.作定語 前置定語： a beautiful picture an honest boy 多個形容詞作前置定語時的排列順序： 限定詞+數量形容詞+描繪性形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體形容詞+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+用途+被修飾的名詞（美小圓舊黃，法國木書房） the pretty little oldest Chinese stone bridge ten strong black plastic bags 英語中有些形容詞既可以作前置定語又可作后置定語，但意義不同。present 現在的/在場的，responsible 可依賴的/應負責的concerned

2、憂心忡忡的/有關的absent 心不在焉的/缺席的proper 適當的/正經的/正式的involved 復雜難懂的/相關的 the responsible man the man responsible the absent students the students absentthe present membersthe members presentthe concerned teachersthe teachers concerned 后置定語：（1）當形容詞修飾不定代詞one, no, any, some和every構成的復合詞，如something, anything, nothi

3、ng等時。 Theres nothing new in todays newspaper. She must have met something dangerous.（2） 形容詞短語作定語時。 This is a problem difficult to solve at present. Tom is a boy good at sports in our class. （3）少數以a開頭的形容詞（absent, alike, alive, available，afraid，asleep，alone，awake，ashamed，）及其它形容詞(concerned, present，wel

4、l，sorry，unable，worth，sure) 并非只能作表語，它們還可作補足語，有的還可作后置定語（一般不作前置定語，但如果表語形容詞被另一副詞修飾，可作前置定語）。 He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot. People concerned will attend the meeting. The people，and the people alone，are the motive force in the making of world history. This city is

5、 a place_(值得參觀的） I found him_(非常清醒的） That _(熟睡的男孩）is smiling now.worth visitingwide awakefast asleep boyThe _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. ( 2004江蘇） A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. white little wooden 2. _ to take this adventure course

6、will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2000全國） A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough braveCA即學即練（4）由and, or, bothand連接的并列形容詞成對使用時。 Everyone, old or young, will take part in the activities.2. 作表語We are hungry.He looks unhappy.注意： 有的形容詞一般只

7、能作表語。 如表示健康狀況的：well, unwell, ill, faint; 以a開頭的：afraid, alone, asleep, ashamed(還可作補足語，定語） 3. 作賓語補足語I think the book interesting.He found the work difficult.4. 作狀語He went to bed, cold and hungry.Funny, he pretends to know what he doesnt know. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _

8、. （2008 北京） A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tiredB即學即練二、副詞的語法功能1.作定語Almost everyone has a car in America.The building there looks grand.2. 作表語Time is up.I thought I was over.3. 作賓語補足語I am very happy to see you back.Keep the light on if you feel afrai

9、d.4. 作狀語Its raining heavily.Its a rather interesting job.This is just what I said.Eventually he arrived in Beijing. 注意：1. 有些副詞有兩種形式，一個與形容詞同形，一個以ly結尾，但它們的含義不同。 The station is quite near. He lives near. Its nearly 10 oclock. The cake is hard. We all work hard. I can hardly understand you.另外： Taiwan is

10、 in the east of China. The plane flew east. 2. 具有兩種形式的副詞 high wide deep close highly widely deeply closely Hed like to sleep with the window _ at night. A. open wide B. open widely C. wide open D. opened wide 即學即練C3.副詞enough的用法 1）enough作副詞用來修飾形容詞，副詞時置于修飾詞之后。 Strangely enough，some famous scientist ha

11、ve the qualities of being both careful and careless. 2)Cannot與enough連用，表示 “再也不為過 You cannot be careful enough. 等同于”cannot(never 等否定詞）too” -I was riding along the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down. -You can never be too careful in the street.4.注意有關形容詞，副詞的固定搭配 He is dead/blin

12、d drunk.(=very drunk) He is wide awake. 他完全沒有睡意。 Its raining /snowing heavily. Hes moving/ breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. The traffic/His moustache is heavy. be well aware/worth/past/ahead of highly important badly in need seriously ill deeply moved perfectly healthy reasonably happy awfully co

13、ld absolutely necessary widely different fast/sound asleep wide awake非常清醒good and tired非常累三、形容詞和副詞的比較等級（一） 原級（一） 原級 as+形容詞/ 副詞原級+as Tom is as tall as Jack. He speaks English as fluently as you. My computer is not so/ as expensive as yours.注意：1. almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half 等詞可用來加強asas結

14、構的語氣。 This book is just as interesting as that one.三、形容詞和副詞的比較等級2. 幾種變化形式： as much + 不可數名詞 + asThere is as much water in this bottle as in that one. as many +可數名詞復數 + asBob has read as many books as Mary. as + 形容詞 + 不定冠詞 + 可數名詞單數 + asGerman is as difficult a language as Chinese. as + 形容詞 + 不可數名詞 +as

15、Bread is as important food as rice. 相同程度的其他表達法：look the same look like no better thanthe same as be similar to(be/look alike) be equal to（二）比較級 形容詞/ 副詞比較級+than John works harder than Mary. This picture is more beautiful than that one. This book is better than that one.注意 ：1.形容詞、副詞比較級的規則和不規則變化。 2. mu

16、ch, still, even, far, by far, a lot, a bit, a great deal,rather, twice, not any等詞可置于比 較級前,加強語氣。 Could you drive a bit more slowly? 3.以or結尾的含有比較意義的形容詞后接to不 接than. 如superior, inferior, senior, junior 。 He is 4 years senior to me.4. 幾種特殊結構1）the +比較級， the +比較級 “越，越” The higher you climb, the farther you

17、 will see. The more you use English, the more you will want to learn it. 2）比較級 +and +比較級 “越來越” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. My school is becoming more and more beautiful.3）主語 + 比較級 + than any (other) China is larger than any country in Africa. China is larger than any other country

18、 in Asia. 4）倍數的比較 倍數 + as + 形容詞/ 副詞原級 + as This room is three times as large as that one. 倍數 + 形容詞/副詞比較級+ than This room is twice larger than that one. 倍數 + the size/ length/ weight/ height/ width /+of This room is three times the size of that one. 5)the +比較級+of the two+名詞（兩個中較的一個） The taller of the

19、 two boys is my brother.（三）最高級 the +形容詞/副詞最高級 +比較范圍 He is the tallest boy in our class. This is the most beautiful city Ive ever visited.注意：1. 形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前可不加冠詞。 She works hardest in our class.2. 形容詞最高級前有時加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表示比較，表示“非常”。 He is a most clever policeman. This film is most interesting.3

20、. 最高級可被序數詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite等詞語修飾。 He is by far the most popular singer in our pub.4. not, never之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級 連用，表示最高含義。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.5. 有些表示“最高程度”的形容詞， 如 excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite 等沒有最高級，也不用比較級。6.有些副

21、詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。 Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her. Luckily, he was not hurt in the accident. Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong. naturally, surprisinglyHow much _ she looked without her glasses! A. well B. good C. best

22、 D. better2. Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks, but it cost _ his. A. as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D. as twice much as3. - Did you enjoy yourself at the party? - Yes, Ive never been to _ one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the

23、 most exciting即學即練DBC2010高考題1.Father _goes to the gym with us although he dislike going there. A.hardly B.seldom C.sometimes D.never2.The island is _attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. A.partly B.merely C.nearly D.equaly3.Mr. Black is very happy because t

24、he clothes made in his factory have never been_. A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular4.I have never seen my mother_pleased with my progress as she is now. A.so B.very C.too D.rather5.People have always been _about exactly how life on earth began. A.curious B.excited C.anxious D

25、.careful6.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was_journey. A.three hour B.a three-hours C.a three-hour D.three hours7.volunteering is becoming _popular in China.-yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A.naturally B.successfully C.splendidly D.

26、increasingly8.Do you think shooping online will_take the place of shopping in stores? A.especially B.frequently C.merely D.finally9.Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have_schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.complex10.Playing on a frozen sp

27、orts fields sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, _? A.though B.also C.either D.too11.Jim went to answer the phone._,Harry started to prepare lunch. A.However B.Nevertheless C.Besides D.Meanwhile12._,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A.Shy and cautiou

28、s B.Sesitive and thoughtful C.Honest and confident D.Lighthearted and optimistic13.If I found someone who looks like suspect, my _ reaction will be to tell the police. A.physical B. immediate C.sensitive D.sudden14.Studies show that people are more _to suffer from back problems if they always sit be

29、fore computer screens for long hours. A.likely B.possible C.probable D.sure代詞代 詞一、要點概述 代詞是代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語、句子的詞。代詞根據其意思和用法可分為八類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞、關系代詞。二、考點聚焦 1、指示代詞 1、指示代詞 （this, that , these, those） this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用； that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this: the English par

30、ty will be held this Friday evening. He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.二、考點聚焦 為了避免重復，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. this在電話用語中作自我介紹，that詢問對方。 Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? this和th

31、at可以當副詞用，意思相當于副詞so。 Is he always this busy? Hed like to get that big a car.2、不定代詞2、不定代詞（1）some，any （2）both, all , every, each（3）either, neither（4）no one , nobody, none（5）(a) few, (a) little（6）other, the other, others, the others, another3、it，that，one，the one, the ones, those 等代詞用法解析 1）it和that都替代“the

32、+單數名詞（可數或不可數）”，都是特指，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同類事物”。 The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. Few pleasures can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day. （2）one替代“a單數可數名詞”，表示泛指。特指的the one相當于that；the one復數形式the ones，在口語中也常用those代替；當后面有of短語時，一般用that或thos

33、e。 We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made one from some wood we had. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the students except the ones/ those who had already taken them. 1. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. A. it B. those C. one D.

34、that （ 2008遼寧）2. - There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _? - No, Id rather buy _ in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it （2008陜西）即學即練DA4、It的用法（1）可表示時間、距離、度量衡、自然現象等。 Its too late to go to the cinema. It is a half hours walk to the factory. （2）

35、作為人稱代詞，可指動物或無生命的東西， 也可指代性別不明的小孩或未知的人，或在電話用語中指自己一方的人。 Its a book. -Is that Tom speaking? -No, it isnt . This is Jack speaking. The bell is ringing; please go and see who it is.（3）指代前面的名詞或前面提到的事。 He is weak at listening and he has realized it.（4） 作為形式主語 Its possible to finish the work in two hours. It is a pity that he should fail the exam. Its no use tal