1、主謂一致1、考綱解讀在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數保持一致。近幾年 來，高考關于該內容的考查主要集中在語法一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近（遠）一致 原則等三個方面。2、知識精講一）.語法一致原則只要確定句子的主語是單數意義，則謂語用單數，句子的主語意義復數，則 謂語用復數。具體表現如下：.以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時:謂語 動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。His father is working on the farm.他父親正在農場工作。To study English well is not easy.學好英語不容易。

2、Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太陽底下看書對你的眼睛有 害。What he said is very important for us all.他所說的對我們都很重要。The children were in the classroom two hours ago.兩個小時前孩子們 在教室。注意:山what, who引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但 若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時;主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。What I say is helpful to you.What I bought wer

3、e threeEnglish books.兩個不定式結構或動名詞短語作主語時，如果是兩個概念，用復數形式； 如果是一個問題的兩個方面，用單數形式。Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.她空閑時間都去購物和體育館鍛煉。Where and when to hold the sports meet hasnt been decided.在哪兒和 什么時間開運動會還沒有決定。Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起

4、早唾對我 們的健康有好處。.由連接詞and或both. and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用謂語動詞的復 數形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是雙胞胎。Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 聽到消息，男孩和女孩都很吃驚。注意點請參看下面的“邏輯意義一致原則”。. either, neither, each, every 或 no +單數名詞和由 some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞，都看作單數。Each of us has a new book.我們

5、每人都有一本新書。Everything around us is matter.我們周圍每件事都是麻煩。注意：在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of +復數名詞(或代詞)”作主語 時，其謂語動詞可用單數也可用復數。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.這兩篇文章都很沒趣。若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它后 面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.我們沒有人去過美國。.在定語從句中，關系代詞that, who, whic

6、h等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數 應與句中先行詞的數一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力工作的朋 友中的一個。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.他是我唯一努力 工作的朋友。.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，謂語動詞用單數；如果指集體中的成員， 其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這類詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, com

7、pany, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party 等。二）、邏輯意義一致原則二）、邏輯意義一致原則Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三樓。Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班學生在選班長的事 情上沒能達成一致。注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名詞一般都用作復數。The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在尋找丟失的孩子。.由“a lot of/lots of/plent

8、y of/the rest of/the majority of+名 詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數十名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的 數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。The rest of the lecture is wonderful.講座剩余的部分很精彩。0% of the students in our class are girls.我們班 50%的學生是女生。注意：a number of “許多”，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數；the number of 的數量”，主語

9、是number,謂語用單數。The number of unemployment has reached five million.失業人數已經達 到五百萬。A number of workers have recently left the company.最近有很多工人辭 掉了工作。.若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單 數形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼藝術家已經到了。.由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every, more than a (an), many a (an)修飾時，其謂語

10、動詞要用單數形式。Every student and every teacher was in the classroom.每個學生和每位 老師都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.沒有哪個男孩或女孩喜歡它。.表數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可 用單數形式，也可用復數。One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.桌子上剩下一個半蘋 果。. many a, more than one和a+名詞單數+ or two作主語時，謂語動詞用 單數。many a的意思是“許多，m

11、ore than one的意思是“不止一個，a+名 詞單數+ or two的意思是“一個或兩個”，從意義上講，它們表示復數，但用作 主語時，謂語卻習慣上用單數。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.許多成功的店鋪 都非常樂意地付了房租。More than one person is involved in this.與此事有牽連的人不止一個。A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 兩個工人將被 派往國外去工作。. trousers, glasses, clothe

12、s, shoes等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如 果這些名詞前有a(the)pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞則用單數。My glasses are broken.我的眼鏡壞了。The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那雙鞋子是他的。.“定冠詞the +形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，謂語動詞用復數；表 示某一個人時，謂語動詞用單數。The young are mostly ambitious.年輕人多半有雄心。Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. Th

13、e injured was rushed to hospital.昨天路上發生了一起事故，一個人受傷了。傷者很快被送到醫院。注意：有個別的“the +形容詞”結構既表示單數意義，也表示復數意義，若 用作主語，謂語動詞用單數還是復數需視情況而定。如：the good指“好人”時 表復數意義，指“善”時表單數意義；the accused指一名被告時表單數意義，指 多名被告時表復數意義。比較：The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告無罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告無罪。（指多人）三