1、人教新目標 八年級英語下冊Unitl What s the matter短語語法知識點總結匯總 / 10Unit 1 What s the matter、必 背短語Section A 部分1.患感冒have a cold2.胃痛have a stomachache3.喉嚨痛have a sore throat4.背痛have a sore back5.躺下休息lie down and rest6.量體溫take one s temperature7.說得太多talk too much8.休息take breaks/a break9.卜車get off10.拍X光片get an X-ray11.

2、看見某人正在做.see sb. doing12.反復考慮think twice13.期待某人去做某事expect sb. to do14.使驚訝的to one s surprise15.同意做某事agree to do sth.16.及時in time17.多虧，由于thanks to18.陷入困境；惹麻煩get into troubleSection B 部分1.休息幾天rest for a few days2.把放下；低下put down3.告訴某人做某事tell sb. to do4.告訴某人不要去做tell sb. not to do5.做某事有問題 / 麻煩 / 困難have pro

3、blems/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth6.對一感興趣be interested in7.習慣于做某事be used to doing sth8.過去常常做某事used to do sth9.冒險take risks/a risk10.由于/ 因為 +n./pron.because of11.處于險境in a dangerous situation12.處于困境in a difficultsituation13.用盡，耗光run out (of)14.準備/樂于做某事be ready to do15.切除cut off16.如此以至于sothat17.以便

4、于；為了so that/in order that18.離開；從.出來get out of19.做決定make decisions/a decision20.掌控，管理be in control of21 .的重要性the importance of 22.放棄give up23.用繃帶包扎put a bandage on 24.繼續做某事keep on doing25.似乎/好像做某事seem to do【教材內容解析】Section AWhaf s the matter ? (P. 1)What s the matter意為“怎么了？出什么事了？“，常用來詢問對方遇到什么麻煩或者有什么不順

5、心的事，后接 with sb./sth. 表示“某人/某物怎么了。可以表示“你怎么了？ ”的句子有:.I have astomachache. (P. 1)stomachache用作名詞，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一個復合名詞，含有后綴ache的常見復合詞還有: 頭痛 ;牙痛;耳痛have a sore throat (P. 1)sore是形容詞，意為“疼痛的，酸痛的”可作定語或表語。常見短語：喉嚨痛：后背痛：4. lie down and rest . (P. 2)(1). lie down 意為躺下。【拓展1】lie用作動詞可以表示“鯉She is lying in bed with a ba

6、d cold.Beijing lies in the north of China.或者 “u ,還可以表示 “也道。英譯漢英譯漢It is a bad habit to lie.英譯漢【拓展2】lie及lay 一詞多義原形過去分詞現在分詞lie (躺、位于)laylainlyinglie (撒謊)liedliedlyinglay (放置、卜蛋)laid (laidlaying記憶口訣：規則撒謊，不規則躺；躺過卜蛋，卜蛋小規則。. rest此處用作動詞，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名詞，表示“休息”，常用的短語為“休息”：例句：Let s stop working and have a r

7、est.Maybeyou have a fever.(P. 2)perhaps , 可以與 may be 相互轉換。maybe作副詞，表示“可能、也許，常常放在句首，相當于Maybe he is a foreigner.=He may be a foreigner.You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)need作動詞時，不僅可以作情態動詞，還可以作實義動詞，作情態動詞時，后接動詞原形；作實義 動詞時，后接名詞或者動詞不定式( to do )作賓語。You need n t go to the meeting too earl

8、y.判斷劃線詞性()A.情態動詞；B.實義動詞We need three more workers.判斷劃線詞性()A.情態動詞；B.實義動詞He doesn t need to worry too much.判斷劃線詞性()A.情態動詞；B.實義動詞Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too longwithout moving. (P.without用作介詞，表示“無、沒有”，后接名詞、代詞或者動名詞，反義詞是with。They left(with) saying goodbye.(用所給詞的正確形式填空)We can t live(with)

9、air and water.(用所給詞的正確形式填空)If_ your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)本句是含有if引導的條件狀語從句的主從復合句，可遵循三條原則：.主將從現：即主句用一般將來時態，從句用一般現在時態。.主祈從現：即主句為祈使句，從句用一般現在時態。.主情從現：即主句含有情態動詞，從句用一般現在時態。翻譯句子：如果明天下雨，我將不會去公園。翻譯句子：如果明天不下雨，我們會去野餐。翻譯句子：如果你不擅長英語，你可以向老師尋求幫助。.when the driversawan old man

10、 lying on the side of the road. (P. 3). see sb. doing sth.看見某人正在做某事，強調所看到的動作正在進行。翻譯：I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday. see sb do sth看到某人做了或經常做某事。翻譯：I often see her dance in the park.The bus driver.stopped the bus withoutthinking twice . (P. 3). think twice 意為“再三考慮、權衡利弊”。翻譯： You should t

11、hink twice before you make the final decision.【拓展】think的相關短語think about 思考、考慮 ；think of 想起、認為；think over 仔細考慮He got off and asked the woman what happened (P. 3). get off 意為“下車，反義詞是 get on “上車”。翻譯： Before getting off the bus, you should take care. happen 表示“發生”的時候，作不及物動詞，常用的結構為：sth. happens to sb. 某人

12、發生了某事”。翻譯： An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3)have to表示“必須、不得不”，強調客觀上的必須， must側重于個人意志和主觀上的必須。翻譯： We have to walk home because the car has broken down.翻譯： We must study hard.He expected most or all of the passengers to get off

13、andwait for the next bus. (P.expect的常見用法：expect to do sth. 期待做某事翻譯： The fans are expecting to see the football star.expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事翻譯： The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.wait 的常見用法：wait for sb./sth.等待某人或者某事”翻譯： We are waiting for the result of the exam. wait to do sth

14、.等待做某事”翻譯： All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.can t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”翻譯：The children can t wait to rush out after the class is over.But to his surprise , they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3) agree with sb. 同意某人翻譯：I can t agree with you more.agree to sth.同意某事翻譯： Do you agree to

15、 the plan?agree on sth.在某事上達成一致意見翻譯： They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.agree to do sth.同意做某事翻譯：Her parents don t agree to marry (嫁)their daughter to the man.Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctorsin time . (P.3). thanks to 表示“多虧、由于“，后接名詞或代詞，作原因狀語，相當于 bec

16、ause of 。翻譯： Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.in time“及時”強調正好趕上事先約定的時間，沒有遲到。翻譯：I am just in time for the plane.【拓展】on time“按時”指按計劃做某事，強調不遲到，不早不晚。翻譯： Please hand in your homework on time. It s sad that many people don t want to help others because they don t want anytroubl

17、e, “ says one passenger. (P. 3)(1)本句是It is+形容詞+that從句”，句中的it作形式主語，代替真正的主語that從句。翻譯：It is important that we should protect the environment.other: 意為“別的、其它的”，常用來修飾可數名詞。the other: 表示“兩者中另一個“，是特指；the other之后也可以加復數名詞，特指“其它的”。another: 表示三者中另一個“。others:用作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”是復數概念。the others:特指在一個整體中的“其余的人或物(全部)”。

18、翻譯： We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.翻譯： There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys. 翻譯：You should think of others.翻譯： There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua

19、Road. 26. (P. 3)hit表示“撞擊、打擊”，表示“打某人某個部位”時用“ hit sb.+介詞( on, in ) +the+身體部位”，若打的部位較硬用on,打的部位較軟用in 。翻譯： The man hit the little boy in the face.right away 意為“立刻、馬上”，相當于at once 或者 right now 。right away . (P. 3)Section B1. Someone felt sick . (P. 5)sick用作形容詞，意為“生病的、有病的”，可以作定語或者表語，而 能用作表語。I have to look a

20、fter my sick grandpa.問：sick 在止匕處作 ill表示“生病的”，只語。The old woman is seriously sick/ill.問：ill 在此處作 語。The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital意為“做某事有問題/麻煩”，相當于:have problems breathing (P. 6)have problems (in) doing sth.have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.翻譯： She has problems (i

21、n) riding a bike.As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks . (P. 6). as用作介詞，表示“作為、身為。As a student, you should study hard. 辨析： used to do sth ； be used to do sth ； 與 be /get used to doing sthused to do sth.過去常常做某事記憶 口訣：used to do常常過；be used to do sth.被用來做某事be used to do被用做；be /get used to d

22、oing sth.習慣于做某事be used to doing習慣做翻譯： The boy used to play computer games.翻譯： More and more wood (木材) is used to make paper.翻譯： His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.take 連用,take arisk 表示“冒險時”，既可以作名詞，也可以作動詞，作名詞常和動詞risk “冒險”；作動詞時，后接動名詞作賓語。The fireman took the risk of losing his life a

23、nd saved the boy from the burning building.翻譯：because of accidents. (P. 6)because引導的原因狀語從句連用,t go out because of the heavyThere were many times when Aron almost lost his lifebecause of意為“因為，由于”，后跟名詞短語。在句中常和 不過because后面跟句子。翻譯： We can t go out because it rains heavily尸We can rain.例題： 一 Did you have a

24、sports meeting yesterday?-No, we didn t . It was put off the heavy rain.A. Instead ofB. because ofC. as forD. across fromBut when his water ran out , he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life . (P. 6)(1) run out意為“用盡、用完”，后接賓語時，需要加上介詞 of。翻譯： They ran out of their money.(2)動詞不定式短

25、語to save his own life 在句子作目的狀語。動詞不定式構成的目的狀語可位于 句首，用逗號與主句隔開，也可以位于謂語動詞之后。翻譯： To learn Japanese, she went to Japan.翻譯： You should work hard to get good grades.He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6) be/get ready for sth. 為做準備”The students are reviewing ( 復習)lessons to get ready for the coming final ex

26、ams.翻譯：be/get ready to do sth.“準備做某事、樂意做某事”The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.翻譯：Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himselfso that he would not lose too much blood.(P. 6)so that引導目的狀語從句，用以說明主句動作的目的，可以與 in order that 互換，從句經常會出現表示“能夠的情態動詞”，如 can, could, may, might, will, would等。翻譯： We

27、started early so that we could catch the first train.翻譯： He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future.翻譯： We used the computer in order that we might save time.too much用來修飾不可數名詞或者動詞，much too用來修飾形容詞或者副詞。翻譯： There is too much pollution today.翻譯： The doctor asked him to lose weight be

28、cause he was much too fat.After losing his arm, he wrote a bookcalled Between a Rock and a Hard Place . (P. 6)called此處為動詞的過去分詞作定語，意為“被稱為、被叫作，與named同義。翻譯：This is a book named/called Journey to the West .翻譯： The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.This means being in a difficult situation that yo

29、u cannotseemto get out of. (P. 6)seem用作系動詞，表示“似乎、好像“，常用的結構有：seem+adj./to be/that+ 句子。翻譯： The story seems true.翻譯： What he said seemed to be a lie.翻譯：It seems that they are going to work all weekend.In this book, Aron tells ofthe importance of making good decisions , and of being incontrol of one s l

30、ife. (P.6)make a decision 或者 make decisions 表示 “做出決定”。翻譯：他們期待你來做出決定。in control of 意為“控制、管理”。翻譯： Who is in control of the project (項目)？. the importance of sth/doing sth.(做)某事的重要性翻譯： Most students don t know the importance of studying hard.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on cli

31、mbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)(1)在由so.that引導的結果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結構是：“.so+ 形容詞(副詞)+ that + 從句”。翻譯：He was so glad that he couldn t say a word.翻譯：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.翻譯： Grandmother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. keep on doing sth. 意為“

32、繼續做某事”，強調繼續或者重復做某事。例句： You shouldn t k eep on thinking about it.Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn t mind taking risks. (P. 7) mind doing sth.介意做某事翻譯： Would you mind opening the window please?m mind sb s/sb doing sth.介意某人做某事翻譯： Do you mind my/me calling you at night?Aron did not give up after th

33、e accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7)give up表示“放棄”，后接名詞、代詞或者動名詞作賓語。翻譯： Dont give up your dream easily.翻譯： He has given up playing computer games.【語法講解】（一）should 和 shouldnt 表示建議Should為情態動詞，意為應該;應當“，否定式為 shouldn t,其后接動詞原形，無人稱和 數的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務等。翻譯： 你應該喝加有蜂蜜的 熱水。翻譯： He shou

34、ld put his head back翻譯：你不應該看電視。 Should用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。翻譯：我應當給它敷上藥嗎？ 翻譯：我們應該告訴她這件事嗎？ 【拓展】在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點。主要結構有： Would you like (to do) sth . ?你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎？翻譯：你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？ Shall I/we do sth ?我/我們做,好嗎？翻譯：明天我們去動物園，好嗎？ Why not do sth ? 為什么不呢？翻譯：為什么不給她量下體溫呢？ How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎

35、么樣？翻譯：去游泳怎么樣？ Let s do sth 讓我們做吧。翻譯：咱們回家吧。 You d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)要做某事。翻譯： 你最好不要獨 自 去那兒。 (二)反身代詞1.反身代詞可以用作一些動詞(短語)或介詞的賓語，此時，句子的主語和賓語必須同一個人或物。. We must look after ourselves and keep fit.我們必須照顧好自己，保持身體健康。. She often buys herself nice clothes.她經常為自己買漂亮的衣服。. Don t think too much of yourself!別過多地為自己考慮！2.反身代詞在句中還可以用作主語或賓語的同位語，用來加強語氣，表示“親自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代詞在句中不能單獨作主語。如：.I don t need any help. I can do it