1、PAGE PAGE 34高三英語書面表達專項訓(xùn)練第1講 寫作要求、體裁與題材分類及命題形式知識梳理根據(jù)湖北省2009年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱補充說明（英語科），高考卷書面表達分兩部分：第一節(jié)完成句子（15分），第二節(jié)短文寫作（25分）。短文寫作測試考生的英語書面表達能力，要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，用英語寫一篇100個單詞左右的短文。情景包括目的、對象、時間、地點、內(nèi)容等；提供情景的形式有圖畫、圖表、提綱等。本部分所需時間約30分鐘。此題考查考生綜合運用語言的能力。一、寫作要求高考短文寫作并非真正意義上的寫作，考生自由發(fā)揮的空間不大。它通過圖畫、圖表、提綱等方式對其內(nèi)容、人稱、時態(tài)、字數(shù)、

2、文體等加以限制。所要求的只是用文字表達出要表達的內(nèi)容，且僅具有寫作的三個最基本的要求：切題、達意、邏輯。具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：1、合理的簡單結(jié)構(gòu)；條理清晰；有層次。2、詞匯使用準確得體、具體、生動形象。3、語句簡潔流暢、達意。4、表達方式靈活多變。能準確使用多樣詞語、句式結(jié)構(gòu)或句型。5、邏輯銜接自然。恰如其分地使用過渡詞語使句子和段落之間過渡自然、銜接緊湊。6、書寫工整、卷面爽目養(yǎng)眼。高考短文寫作命題考查的具體能力點則體現(xiàn)在：1、觀察、分析、獲取與文章主題有關(guān)的重要信息，理清主次，排除無關(guān)信息的能力。2、對語法范疇熟練掌握，正確運用語法規(guī)則，體現(xiàn)語法規(guī)范的能力。3、語篇整合和使用語篇慣例技巧

3、的能力。4、語言表達得體，準確體現(xiàn)交際情景，符合語言交際習(xí)慣的能力。5、英語表達的書寫規(guī)范、拼寫準確的能力。二、評分標準短文寫作的閱卷采用五檔評分制。下面以2009年高考題為分述：假設(shè)你是華華，與英國網(wǎng)友湯姆約定用對方的母語通信，以提高各自的外語水平。最近你收到湯姆的電子郵件（附后），發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個成語使用不當。請根據(jù)下列要點，用英文回一封電子郵件。要點：1、不應(yīng)使用“無所不為”，應(yīng)使用“無所事事”；2、說明這兩個成語的用法；3、給予鼓勵。注意：1、詞數(shù)為100左右；2、參考釋義：無所不為do all kinds of bad things無所事事have nothing to do;3、除以上兩

4、個成語外，郵件中不得使用其它漢字或拼音；4、電子郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好（不計入你所寫詞數(shù)），但不得抄入答題卡。附（湯姆的郵件）：華華，你好！近幾天在忙什么事？有什么有意思的事嗎？我們的學(xué)校放假了，所以這幾天在家無所不為，飽食終日，只好上網(wǎng)發(fā)伊妹兒。沒意思。我決定找份工作，做個自食其力的人。祝好！（以下所給內(nèi)容不得抄入答題卡）Hi! Tom,Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly._Hope youll find a j

5、ob soon.Huahua書面表達評分原則、內(nèi)容要點、各檔次的給分范圍和要求及說明：一、評分原則1、本題分為25分，按5個檔次給分。2、評分時，先根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。由于本次寫作內(nèi)容已明確給出，因此評分檔次的確定應(yīng)側(cè)重于語言的表達。3、詞數(shù)少于80或多于120的，從總分中減去2分。4、評分時，應(yīng)注意的主要內(nèi)容為：內(nèi)容要點、應(yīng)用詞匯和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準確性，上下文的連貫性及語言的得體性。5、拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫以及詞匯用法均可接受。6、如果書寫較差，以至于影

6、響交際，將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。二、內(nèi)容要點（1）“無所不為”使用不恰當，應(yīng)用“無所事事”；（2）“無所不為”和“無所事事”的意思及用法；（3）給予湯姆鼓勵。三、各檔次的給分范圍和要求第五檔（很好）：（2125分）要點完整，表達清楚，無重大語法錯誤。完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點。應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級詞匯所致；具備較強的語言運用能力。有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完全達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第四檔（好）（1620分）表達基本清楚，缺少個別要點，有些語法錯誤。完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。雖漏掉一兩個重點，但覆

7、蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準確，些許錯誤主要是因為嘗試較復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第三檔（適當）：（1115分）尚能表達，缺少多個要點，語法錯誤較多。雖漏掉了一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，但不影響理解。應(yīng)用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。整體而言，基本達到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。第二檔（較差）：（610分）表達含糊不清，不能成篇。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項目有限。

8、有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。信息未能清楚地傳達給讀者。第一檔（差）：（15分）動了筆，僅羅列了不成句的單詞。未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容，原因可能是未理解試題要求。語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項目有限。較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯誤，影響對寫作內(nèi)容的理解。缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫。信息未能傳達給讀者。0分未能傳達讀者任何信息：內(nèi)容太少，無法評判；寫的內(nèi)容均與所要求內(nèi)容無關(guān)或所寫內(nèi)容無法閱讀。三、寫作形式（體裁）目前高考短文寫作試題所采用的主要寫作形式有四種：議論性質(zhì)、陳說（說明）性質(zhì)、敘事性質(zhì)和混合性

9、質(zhì)（陳說+議論性或敘事+議論性質(zhì)）。四、寫作內(nèi)容（題材）從內(nèi)容來看，目前湖北高考卷（20052009）英語短文寫作試題有三大主題：第一，與中學(xué)生生活密切相關(guān)的活動（語言學(xué)習(xí)交流；回國工作征求意見；描述學(xué)生閱讀興趣）；第二，中學(xué)生所熟知的一般外事性質(zhì)活動（去養(yǎng)老院看望老人）；第三，中學(xué)生所熟知的一般社會現(xiàn)象或活動（因手機質(zhì)量問題要求更換）五、命題形式從全國高考英語寫作的命題形式來看，大致分三種：提綱型（漢語提綱、漢語圖表提綱）、圖表型（漢語提示+曲線圖/柱形圖/直方圖/餅式圖/數(shù)據(jù)表格等）、圖畫型。湖北省近5年的高考英語寫作主要命題形式為：漢語提綱、漢語圖表提綱、漢語提示+直方圖。見下表：200

10、5年至2009年湖北高考寫作試題比較：時間項目20052006200720082009命題形式漢語圖表提綱漢語提示+直方圖漢語提綱漢語提綱漢語提綱寫作形式（體裁）議論性質(zhì)陳說性質(zhì)陳說性質(zhì)陳說性質(zhì)陳說性質(zhì)寫作內(nèi)容（題材）回國工作征求意見描述學(xué)生閱讀興趣去養(yǎng)老院看望老人因手機質(zhì)量問題要求更換說明漢語成語用法寫作要求寫信短文寫信電子郵件電子郵件附：圖表數(shù)據(jù)說明常用套用語及短語：1、短語：“上升”go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/ jump toThe population of this city has been increasing so rapi

11、dly that in has now amounted to 250million.There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995.“保持沒變”remain/ not changeThe number of fires in each month remained the same.“下降” fall to/ go down to/ decrease/ drop to/ declineIn comparison with that in,

12、the percentage ofdecreased by 30%.The number of increased slightly and the number of declined slightly.2、套用語：The table shows/ indicates that a great number of As we can see from the graph, the rate dropped slightly from to According to Chart One, the number was times as many as in The number of is m

13、uch larger than that of As is shown on Chart , only % of According to the figure/ number/ statistics/ percentages in the chart/ bar chart/ graph, it can be seen that Obviously, but why?Recently we have made a survey of on Only percent of the surveyed people , but the rest never There are many reason

14、s for this.After giving a careful consideration to the problem, I think It is clear from the chart that 第2講 議論性質(zhì)文體知識梳理總體而言，議論性質(zhì)文體是湖北近幾年來高考寫作的主流形式之一。它針對現(xiàn)實生活的種種問題，運用邏輯思維，通過說理和列舉事例，闡明人們或作者的觀點、主張和見解。此文體的命題形式多樣，話題廣泛。如何寫好此類書面表達，必須弄清兩方面的問題：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及特定的語言表達方式。1、議論性質(zhì)短文寫作命題特點從形式上來看主要分兩種：“一分為二”的觀點闡述型，即A說，B說；或A說，B說

15、，C說模式。如2004年高考湖北卷書面表達“學(xué)習(xí)英語要不要從兒童時期開始”，根據(jù)提示有兩種不同意見。再如2006年高考陜西卷寫作題“討論假期計劃”，除闡明兩種不同看法外還要求陳述自己的看法。“我認為”的自我觀點闡述型。如2005年高考湖北卷書面表達“回國工作征求意見”，及2008年高考四川卷書面表達“What Can I Do for Our Environment？”等。2、議論性質(zhì)書面表達通常都是“三段式或四段式”。常見開頭用語：There is much discussion nowadays as to whether or not There are different opinio

16、ns among people on/ as to Some people suggest that Different students have different ideas on Their opinions fall into two groups as follows.Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether Opinions are divided on the question.Recently a survey has been done to find out A recent study shows that

17、nearly 50 percent of school kids Peoples opinions/ views about vary from person to person. has become a hot topic among people, especially among It is widely acknowledged that has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be awa

18、re of the seriousness of There is an old/ popular saying/ proverb which says/ goes In recent years, there is a general tendency 2、話題展開及過渡：任何一篇文章都離不開紐帶的起承轉(zhuǎn)合，尤其是高考英語書面表達。因此，話題展開的關(guān)鍵和作文的出彩在于過渡詞（transitional words）運用得恰到好處。常用的過渡詞：舉例：for example, for instance, take for example, such as, like, and so on, so

19、 on and so forth等。說明：thats to say, in other words, namely等。因果：so, for, therefore, as a result, as a consequence, consequently, thus, because, because of, thanks to , owing to , due to等。遞進：then, besides, in addition, furthermore, moreover, whats more等。順序：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally; in the fi

20、rst/ second/ third place, last; to begin with, then, finally; to start with, next, in addition, finally; first and foremost, besides, last but not least; most important of all, moreover, finally等。轉(zhuǎn)折：nevertheless, however, although, though, but, on the contrary, after all, oppositely 等。總結(jié)：in short, i

21、n a word, in general, generally speaking, finally, at last, as far as I know, in brief, briefly speaking, in the end, as a matter of fact, in reality, in fact, on the whole, in conclusion, therefore等。強調(diào)：really, indeed, certainly, surely, for sure，above all等。對比：in the same way, just as, in common wit

22、h, compared with, on the one hand on the other hand, for one thing for another, similarly等。平行：and, both and , as well as, as well, neither nor , either or , not only but also 等。3、觀點陳述：A.贊成It is commonly(generally/widely/universally) thought(believed/agreed/accepted/held) that Some people hold the vi

23、ew(belief/idea/opinion) that I think it wise/suitable/necessary/better/fit to do 70% of the people who were surveyed are in favor of Those who favor the idea think The majority of people believe that The idea, which is intended to , is highly praised and supported by We are strongly for the idea tha

24、t Some people prefer to They agree with the second view.60 percent of hold the same idea as involved in the survey, saying they need B.說明原因：The main reason(why they ) is that /is based on , because / because of , not only in terms of but also in terms of These people point out the fact that These pe

25、ople say that It seems that many people are under the impression that C.反對：More (around ), however, insist that main consideration should be given to , for they argue that However, those who are against the idea think/ believe that While others think People, however, differ in their opinions on this

26、 matter.Nevertheless/ On the contrary, some people disapprove of it.But the others disagree with them.On the other hand, some others just have the opposite opinion.They are strongly against D.發(fā)表個人意見：As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter/former opinion.I fully agree with the statement tha

27、t because In my opinion/view, the reasons are as follows. First Second Last but not the least Personally, I share these peoples points of view.Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because Personally, I disagree with the point of view for the following reasons.I am in total

28、agreement with the view that As for me, I think that it is indeed necessary for For my part, I am not in favor of the viewpoint that I agree with the latter/ former opinion to some extent. I think that I agree/ disagree with whose who To be frank, I would like to support Weighing the pros and cons o

29、f these arguments, Im inclined to agree with the latter/former point of view.4、結(jié)尾：結(jié)尾一般是全文對其主題的歸納，要運用聯(lián)想、對比等方法進行“適當?shù)陌l(fā)揮”，以求能總結(jié)全文，簡潔扣題。好結(jié)尾能給閱卷老師留有一個很好、很完整的印象，能使全文增色。結(jié)尾可以是一段，也可以是一句或幾句話。常用結(jié)束語：In short, have not arrived at any agreement yet.All in all/ In conclusion/ In a word/ In summary/ In sum/ To summa

30、rize/ To sum up/ In general/ Generally speaking/ As far as I know/ In brief/ Briefly speaking a) it is unwise to follow the trend of b) the advantage of outweighs its disadvantage.c) the best solution is for both sides to respect each others needs.d) I believe that not only should be taken into cons

31、ideration but also should be respected.e) something should be done as soon as possible to protect f) the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of Only in this way can we in the future.As everyone knows, every coin has two sides. It is difficult to say whether it is good or not, as

32、it depends very much on the situation of However, from a personal point of view, I find From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that With the development of society, its urgent and necessary to If we cannot take useful measures, we can not control this trend, a

33、nd some undesirable results may come up unexpectedly, so what we should do is 典例精析例（2009.陜西卷）假定你是李華。在一個英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇上，你看到一個名叫Grown-up的中學(xué)生發(fā)帖（post）尋求幫助，請根據(jù)帖子內(nèi)容，寫作要點和要求回貼。寫作要點：1、告訴Grown-up要理解母親；2、給Grown-up提出解決問題的具體建議。要求：1、短文需寫在答題卡的指定區(qū)域。2、短文詞數(shù)不少于80（不含已寫好的部分）。3、內(nèi)容充實，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意連貫。4、書寫須清晰、工整。Hi，Grown-up， As a studen

34、t of your age ,I understand your situation ._One possible version:Hi，Grown-up，As a student of your age ,I understand your situation .The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers .However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.First ,i

35、ts advisable to talk more with your mom. Heart to heart talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things .Second ,you should learn to do your own things well ,proving to your mom that you are already a “Grown-up”.

36、 Its even better if you could share more of the housework ,such as cleaning ,washing and cooking.（剖析）考生在寫作中應(yīng)該注意如下幾點：1、文體：應(yīng)用文（電子郵件）。2、主體時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時。3、主體人稱：第二人稱。4、內(nèi)容要點：問題介紹；建議一；建議二；我的愿望。亮點句式：1. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers.2. Here are a few suggestions.3. its advisable to talk

37、 more with your mom.4. They are also opportunities to let her know you ideas of and attitudes toward many things.5. Second, you should learn to do your own things well.第3講 陳說（說明）性質(zhì)文體知識梳理從全國高考及6年來的湖北高考卷書面表達題來看，陳說性質(zhì)的文體也是高考英語寫作的主流形式之一。此文體的命題形式多樣，話題廣泛，它用于簡單地闡述客觀具體事物或主觀抽象觀念等。如何寫好此類文體的書面表達，必須注意以下四個方面：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

38、，陳說對象，寫作順序和寫作要求。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一般是“三段式”或“四段式”。通常先從不同角度論述文題所限定的“主題”，最后闡明自己的觀點或提出解決問題的辦法。“三段式”或“四段式”寫作常用的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為：第一段提出文章主題。第二段展開文章主題，闡述、說明主要內(nèi)容。作為文章主體，可將此分為兩段。第三段結(jié)尾段，歸納總結(jié)文章的主題。陳說對象分析歷年來的高考題，陳說性質(zhì)的文體主要以具體事物或抽象事物為說明對象；也就是以某實體為對象進行客觀闡述或?qū)χ饔^抽象概念進行客觀闡述。說明具體事物的文章一般采用時間順序或空間順序，主觀抽象觀念的闡述一般采用邏輯順序闡述前因后果。陳述性質(zhì)的書面表達常涉及的話題有：地點介紹、人

39、物介紹、活動介紹（調(diào)查情況、信息咨詢、計劃安排、條例說明、現(xiàn)象說明）等。如：湖北高考卷中2006年書面表達是有關(guān)兒童閱讀興趣調(diào)研結(jié)果陳述；2007年是到養(yǎng)老院看望老人活動情況說明；2008年則是因手機質(zhì)量問題要求更換的原因說明。2009年是有關(guān)漢語成語的應(yīng)用的說明。寫作順序因高考短文寫作并非真正意義上的寫作，只是用文字表達出要表達的內(nèi)容，所以高考題一般可按題目給出的順序進行說明。但也有例外，特別是用柱形圖、餅形圖、曲線圖等圖表形式進行數(shù)據(jù)情況描述時，需要我們自己安排說明順序。那么事物或事理陳說通常會運用以下三種順序：1、時間順序：常用來介紹事物發(fā)展變化過程，一般以時間先后為順序進行說明。表時間

40、順序的過渡詞：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally; in the first place, in the second place, in the third place; last; to begin with, then, furthermore, finally; to start with, next, in addition, finally; first and foremost, besides, last but not least; most important of all, moreover, finally 2、空間順序：按事物的方位

41、順序說明事物的空間位置或構(gòu)成部分，按上下左右、前后內(nèi)外、東西南北等順序。表空間順序的過渡詞：in the front of, in front of, before, behind, at the back of, on the right/ left(of), to the right/ left of, on the other side of, in the center of, in the middle of, at the beginning of, at the end of, by the side of, on the top of, at the foot of, on t

42、he bottom of, inside, outside, upstairs, downstairs 3、邏輯順序：以說明某些事物相互關(guān)系及其特點為主，往往按照先總體后局部的順序進行說明。寫作要求1、切中文章主題，準確抓住某一事物或事理的特點進行客觀地闡述。2、根據(jù)話題特點合理安排說明順序。所謂合理就是在符合認識規(guī)律的前提下所采取的一種便于說清楚，也容易使人看明白說明順序。3、根據(jù)不同話題內(nèi)容恰當?shù)皿w地運用過渡詞。4、語言要準確、簡明、通俗，恰當使用套用語。典例精析例（2009.湖北卷）假設(shè)你是華華，與英國網(wǎng)友湯姆約定用對方的母語通信，以提高各自的外語水平。最近你收到湯姆的電子郵件(附后)，

43、發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個成語使用不當。請根據(jù)下列要點，用英文回一封電子郵件。要點：1、 不應(yīng)使用“無所不為”，應(yīng)使用“無所事事”;2、 說明這兩個成語的用法;3、 給與鼓勵。注意：1、詞數(shù)為100左右;2、參考釋義：無所不為do all kinds of bad things無所事事have nothing to do;3、除以上兩個成語外，郵件中不得使用其他漢字或拼音;4、電子郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好(不計入你所寫詞數(shù))，但不得抄入答題卡。附(湯姆的郵件)：華華，你好!近幾天在忙什么事?有什么有意思的事嗎?我們的學(xué)校放假了，所以這幾天在家無所不為，飽食終日，只好上網(wǎng)發(fā)伊妹兒。沒意思。我決定找份工作，做個

44、自食其力的人。祝好!(以下所給內(nèi)容不得抄入答題卡)Hi Tom,Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly._Hope youll find a job soon. HuahuaOne possible version:Hi ! Tom,Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice youve begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them

45、 correctly.However, Im afraid there is one mistake Id like to point out. It is “無所不為”. This idiom means “do all kinds of bad things”. Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I guess what you were really trying to say is that youve got nothing to do these days. In that case, you should use“無所事

46、事”. We usually use “無所不為”to express the idea that people dare to do anything bad, and “無所事事”to describe the situation in which people have got nothing meaningful to do. Have I made myself clear?Anyway, Im amazed at the progress youve made.Hope youll find a job soon.Huahua（剖析）本文題材現(xiàn)實性強，屬于半開放性的提綱式作文，要審

47、好題，按照要點去說明兩個成語的用法。第4講 敘事性質(zhì)文體知識梳理敘事性質(zhì)文體以寫人記事為主，其特點就是要告訴讀者發(fā)生了什么事，在什么地方，什么時候，怎樣發(fā)生的，涉及什么人，結(jié)局是什么等，即交代5個“W”（寫作要素）（When, Where, Who, What, Why）。就全國范圍而言，近幾年高考寫作中很少考敘事性質(zhì)的書面表達，湖北從沒考過。由此可以看出，此類型的文體有明顯淡出的趨勢。盡管如此，我們還是有必要弄清這種文章的寫作方法。分析高考題，我們了解到它的命題形式基本是通過圖畫、圖表呈現(xiàn)情景和信息，涉及話題較廣泛。寫好此類文體的書面表達，應(yīng)注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及寫作要求。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一般為“三段式”或

48、“四段式”。第一段通常交代事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物及發(fā)生什么；第二段就事件內(nèi)容展開敘述，描述事情的經(jīng)過（可分成兩段）；第三段結(jié)尾段，敘述事件最后的結(jié)局。寫作要求1、注意寫作角度，一般說來，故事常用第一人稱或第三人稱，新聞報道常用第三人稱，當然還要根據(jù)實際情況和提示來確定人稱。2、通過分析所給的情景提示，弄清寫作要素；合理安排寫順序。3、理清主干內(nèi)容，排除無關(guān)或次要信息，但同時應(yīng)適當補充細節(jié)，說明其原因、過程等。典例精析例（2009年.北京卷）_一、內(nèi)容要點：1、騎車去植樹2、植樹3、安插提示牌4、照相One possible version:Green Action in Our Class

49、April 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way. Upon arrival, we began to work immediately. Some were digging holes. Some were watering them. After getting the work done, we

50、put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. We feel its our duty to protect and beautify our environment. We feel its our duty to protect and beautify our environmen

51、t.（剖析）本文是設(shè)計巧妙的圖畫提綱要點式作文，與環(huán)保結(jié)合，立意較好。題材貼近學(xué)生實際，學(xué)生只要注意理清思路，根據(jù)圖和內(nèi)容提示，按照活動的內(nèi)容和時間來寫即可。第5講 混合性質(zhì)文體知識梳理混合性質(zhì)文體有兩種形式：陳說+議論；敘事+議論。雖然5年來湖北高考寫作還沒考過此類文體，但從歷年全國及其他地方的高考書面表達題來看，混合性質(zhì)的文體在高考英語寫作中所占比例較大，所以理應(yīng)引起我們的足夠關(guān)注。此文體的命題形式多樣，涉及話題廣泛。如何寫好此類文體的書面表達，應(yīng)注意兩個方面：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及寫作要求。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)一般是“三段式”或“四段式”。通常先陳說事物或事理，然后再發(fā)表議論；或先敘事再發(fā)表觀點。陳說性質(zhì)“三段

52、式”或“四段式”常用寫作篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為：第一段點明主題或直接進行敘事性描述（如：講述圖中內(nèi)容）；第二段對文章的主題內(nèi)容展開說明或敘述。作為文章的主體，也可將此段分成兩段。第三段結(jié)尾段，就文章的主題發(fā)表觀點或看法。寫作要求1、先分清混合類型。如果是“陳說+議論”，則按陳說性質(zhì)文體的寫作方式開頭（提出主題，再圍繞主題展開說明）。如果 是“敘事+議論”，則先說明主題或直接敘事，然后將內(nèi)容展開。2、最后自己觀點的陳述部分可借用議論性質(zhì)文體的寫作手法來簡明闡述。3、根據(jù)不同話題內(nèi)容恰當?shù)皿w地運用過渡詞（transitional words）及套用語。4、語言要準確、簡明、通俗、生動。典例精析例（2009年.

53、湖南卷）假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)新老師李紅，請給你的朋友張華寫一封信，告訴他你第一天上課的情況，主要內(nèi)容如下：1、描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情；2、介紹你處理該事的方式；3、談?wù)勀愕母邢搿Ｗ⒁猓?、詞數(shù)不少于120個；2、可適當發(fā)揮想象，增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3、文中不得出現(xiàn)與本人及學(xué)校相關(guān)的任何真實信息。_One possible version:Dear Zhang Hua,Its three months since I heard from you last time. Now I want to tell you an impressive story happened on my fi

54、rst lesson.(點明主題)On hearing the bell, students ran into the classroom as quickly as they can. But a boy, Li Ming, whose father died a month ago, was late for the class. He stood outside the classroom, silently. I smiled to him and let him came in. After a while, he cried on his desk. Then I walked t

55、o him and asked what had happened. He told me that his mother was ill and he had to take some medicine for her. At the same time, he apologized to me for his lateness. Moved by his words, I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song named “Mother” for the students. How time flies! Class wa

56、s over before I realized it.(主題內(nèi)容用例子的形式展開)From the story I felt we should respect our parents and do our best to help them. Do you think so? Im looking forward to your reply.(發(fā)表看法)Yours truly,Li Hong（剖析）本文屬于半開放性提綱式書信體，屬于陳述+議論型的文章。要點有三，可以采取“三段式”的寫法。選材學(xué)生熟悉，也是發(fā)生在身邊的故事，只要把握準情景和要求可使表達的內(nèi)容清楚明了。第6講 題型整合一、提綱

57、類提綱類書面表達常把材料分割成信息塊，列成獨立的文字信息供考生參考。此類試題中有較多的文字說明，規(guī)定了考生的表述，對考生的寫作范圍也作了較為明確的限定，但試題中規(guī)定的要點一個也不能回避。考生應(yīng)靈活運用英語知識，采用不同的表達方式將試題規(guī)定的要點完整地表述出來，力求準確、簡潔、禮貌、規(guī)范。此類試題主要考查考生的實際語言組織能力。例1國外某網(wǎng)站將舉辦新一輪網(wǎng)上講座活動，正面向全球中學(xué)生征集話題。假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)的學(xué)生李華，經(jīng)常訪問該網(wǎng)站。現(xiàn)請你用英文給該網(wǎng)站發(fā)送一封電子郵件，向其推薦話題。內(nèi)容包括：自我簡介寫信目的話題：我們應(yīng)該感恩（thankful）推薦的理由預(yù)祝活動成功注意：1、詞數(shù)100左右

58、。2、郵件格式已為你給出。3、郵件中不能出現(xiàn)本人真實信息。_范文One possible version:Dear Sir,Im a student from Xinhau Middle School who visits your website every now and then. I happen to know that you are asking for topics of discussion from middle schools all over the world. And now Im writing to tell you something about my tho

59、ught. My topic is that we should be thankful.As you know, thanksgiving is one of the traditional virtues of human being, all the students in the world should learn to be thankful. Besides, nowadays we teenagers have got used to getting everything we want from our parents, our friends and society, ne

60、ver thinking of repaying and thanksgiving. In order to call on more and more beautiful. Whether you will accept my suggestion or not, I sincerely hope that your activity will be a great success.Sincerely Yours,Li Hua二、圖表類圖表作文多為說明文和議論文，要求考生根據(jù)所給的圖表、數(shù)據(jù)及標題等進行分析、研究，在閱讀其文字說明的基礎(chǔ)上，弄清各種信息之間的關(guān)系，提煉和確定文章的中心思想，然