1、學習-好資料定語從句一（關系代詞的用法）一.定語從句概念定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞成為關系詞。關系詞有關系:有,等；關系:有,。關系詞常有3個作用：引導定語從句。代替先行詞。在定語從句中充當一個成分。注意：根據先行詞與定語從句之間有無逗號隔開，定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式不用逗號和主句隔開用逗號和主句隔開意義是先仃詞不可缺少的疋語，不能刪除是對先仃詞的補充說明刪除后意思仍完整譯法翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”通常翻譯成主句

2、的并列句TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定語從句舉例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意區分以下幾個句子的不同Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那當醫生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上

3、大學。(他還有其他的哥哥)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是當醫生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。(他只有一個哥哥)二.引導定語從句的關系代詞who指，在從句中充當TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.InthemeetingIsawMr.SmithwhoImetinmybirthdayparty.whom指在定語從句中充當，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)y

4、outalkedaboutonthebus.更多精品文檔學習好資料Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.which指，在定語從句中做或者，做時可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.that指人時，相當于者;指物時，相當于。在定語從句中做或者，做時可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/who

5、cometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Thec

6、lassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.【詳細講解】I.關系代詞that和which的用法限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況：1.當先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除夕卜),few,all,none,little,some等不定代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossi

7、bleforhimintheworld.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.當先行詞被序數詞修飾(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.當形容詞被thevery,theonly,just修飾時ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything

8、thatheowned.當先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時學習好資料(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?當先行詞指事/物時,定語從句中關系代詞必須用which的情況:在非限制性定語從句中，只用which(1)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheot

9、hersenvyhim.(2)Healwaysstaysathomeatweekend,whichhisbrotherthinksisunbelievable.當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which(1)ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前。(2)Thisisthepenwhich(/that)Imlookingfor.關系代詞who,whom和whose的用法先行詞指人，在從句中作主語時，用who；(1)Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.

10、當先行詞為those時，用who；(2)Thosewhowilljoininmybirthdaypartyaremybestfriends.在Therebe句型中主語作為先行詞指人時，用who；Thereisagreatmanwhosavedhiscountrywithhispartners.先行詞指人，在從句中作賓語時，可以用whom和who；Thatsthegirlwhom/who/thatIteach.在定語從句中做定語時，用whose。Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbro

11、kelastnight.n.關系代詞as引導的定語從句關系代詞as既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as在從句中做主語、賓語或表語。(一)引導限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞+as像一樣的，像之類的thesame+名詞+as和同樣的其中關系代詞as在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.更多精品文檔學習好資料Heisnotthesamemanashewastenyearsago.

12、注意：suchas引導的定語從句與suchthat引導的狀語從句的區別：Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.suchassuch為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”；as在從句中作成分，修飾先行詞such。(1)ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.(二)關系代詞as和which引導的定語從句的區別as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。Hemarriedher,as/whic

13、hwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.as引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；as有正如，正像”的意思which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。意為“這一點”。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdonbelieve.t注意：當主句和

14、從句存在邏輯上的因果關系時，常用which；Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.當非限制性定語從句的賓語是一個復合結構時，只能用which。Bettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.當先行詞受such,thesame修飾時，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：當先行次由thesame修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定

15、語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore也穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。學習好資料專項練習1用that,which,who,whom,whose,as填空Isthereanythingyoudontunderstandabouttheproblem?Allthepresentsyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbeputaway.Thenumb

16、erofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,wasverysurprisingtome.Thosecutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.Thisissointerestingabookwealllike.HegavemesomenovelswithIamnotveryfamiliar.Therearemanychildrenareplayingtoysontheplayground.Heisnolongertheoneheusedtobe.Theriverbanksa

17、recoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.Jackhaswonthefirstprize,oftenhappens.TheworstmatterImafraidofhappenedintheend.Hefailedtomakehisplanontime,whichwasstrangeforhisboss.ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.Thisteacher,withsonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents.仿寫練習組句：將下面句子連成一句話。Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfl

18、y.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.Shewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill.學習好資料Theclotheshavebeencleaned.Imwearingthem.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.強化訓練把下列中文用定語從句翻譯成英文。他在中國參觀的第一個博物館是歷史博物館。你有任何關于這個主題的信息都發給我吧。不到長城非好漢。那條兩邊都是樹的河一直流向海洋。媽媽給我買了臺電腦作為生日禮物,這正是我所渴望的掌握一門外語很有用,這是大家公認的學習好資料定語從句二(介詞+關系代詞的用法)關系代詞在定語從

19、句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞關系代詞引導Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/thato/w)hwehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamou

20、ssingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，女如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that;指物時用which，不能用that;關系代詞是所有格時用whose.Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwith

21、ismyfriend.(F)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.(T)介詞+關系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,fe等代詞或者數詞Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitema

22、nyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.復合介詞短語+關系代詞which”引導的定語從句，這種結構引導的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號隔開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.總結：判斷介詞的方法有以下三種：看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習慣搭配)先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞通過整個句子整體含義來判斷學習好資料專項練習2用”介詞+關系代詞”填空Theyheldam

23、eeting,thehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.Thebook,hepaid6yuan,isworthreading.IsthisthemanhousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.單項選擇Doyouknowwholivesinthebuildingthereisawell?C.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhichT

24、hewomanmybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whomHisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatIhaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichRecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.C.itspriceD.

25、thepriceofwhoseThedictionary,Ipaid80dollars,wasstolen.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.towhichGrandmaLianghastwosons,aresoldiers.A.twoofwhomB.whomC.bothofwhomD.oneofthemHearrivedhalfanhourlate,madeuseunhappy.A.thatB.asC.whatD.whichJane,sistersarefamousmodelsintheworld,willattendthe學習好資料importantceremony.仿寫練

26、習用介詞+關系代詞的形式把下列句子翻譯成英文。Jim是我的外教，從他身上我學到了很多有用的東西。我喜歡窗子朝南的房子。他給了我幾本我不太熟悉的歌曲中國有許多大河流，其中長江和黃河是最重要的河流。他有兩個兄弟，沒有一個是教師。綜合強化訓練Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.asIwishtothankProfessorSmith,withouthelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.thatMariahaswrittentwonove

27、ls,bothofhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.asTheairqualityinthecity,isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.whatMrs.LeewillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,itwillbecompletelyfinished.學習好資料Heissuchalovelystudenteveryoneloves.逃學）yesterday,madetheteacherverydisappointed.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whoHaveyouseenthebookisyellow?scoverisknowntousallthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.ItEllenwaspainterofbirdsandofnature,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.shouldbeconsidered.A.thatB.inthatC.whichD.inwhichAlotoflanguage