1、welcome History of the United States IntroductionThe Discovery of AmericaThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Westward ExpansionThe Great Depression Introduction to British and American CultureThe Discovery of America Columbus In 1492, Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands.Columbu

2、s called the local people Indians. Introduction to British and American CultureAmerigo Vespucci阿美利哥韋斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陸以其命名為 America） He first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Introduction to British and American Cu

3、ltureThe First Permanent English Colony In 1607Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River. The first English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuring the first 150

4、years, the British colonies in North America became a “melting pot”.By the early 1760s, English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Birth of the United States The Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists The War of

5、 Independence Introduction to British and American CultureThe Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsBackgroundThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar, coffee and textiles(紡織業) .They passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act(印花稅法 ). Introduction to

6、British and American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士頓傾茶事件 Background In 1773, British government passed a new law-the Tea Act. Slogan “No taxation without representation”Time December 16, 1773 Event A group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour(波士頓港）. Introduction to British and America

7、n CultureThe War of IndependenceTimeOn October 19, 1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender. Consequences George Washington became the first President.The 4th of July became the national holiday of America- the Independence Day. Introduction to British and American Culture Complete

8、a Timeline1763: The French and Indian War ended 1773: _1774: The First Continental Congress 1775: _1776: _ 1781: _ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence ended Introduction to British and American CultureThe Declaration of

9、Independence On July 4, 1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson（托馬斯杰斐遜）of Virginia. (July 4 is celebrated as the nations birthday.)Westward Expansion “Manife

10、st Destiny” 西進運動 1. The hardship of early pioneer settlers Oregon Trail (俄勒岡小道) The trip on foot took four to six months. California Gold Rush加州淘金者 People traveled to California in the search for quick riches. The number of westwardmigrants multiplied.The American Civil War南北戰爭Northern vs. SouthernA

11、braham Lincoln Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs. SouthernThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America. The slave problemDifferent economic interestsThe political conflictMajor issueSlavery Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs. SouthernT

12、he Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States (or the Confederacy) Slavery continuedThe Northern StatesFought to maintain the UnionCalled the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs. SouthernIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern Stat

13、esEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American CultureAbraham Lincoln March 1861 - took the office of the president.April 12, 1861-the Civil War began.September 22, 1

14、862- issued the Emancipation Proclamationwhich granted freedom to about 4 million slaves. Made a famous speech in Gettysburg. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Civil Waron April 9, 1865The Civil War officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the South. Consequence It resolved

15、 two fundamental issues: Slavery was completely abolished;America became a single and stronger nation. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Great DepressionIn October 1929, the stock market crashed, marketing the beginning of the Great Depression. During this time, the United States exper

16、ienced deflation, unemployment soared from 3% in 1929 to 25% in 1933, and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother, depicts destitute pea pickers in CaliforniaFranklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 羅斯福新政 Hoovers response to the depression President and Mrs. Roosevelt“F

17、irst of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.” FDR and the Early Phases of the New DealTo bring immediate relief to those who were suffering Public

18、Works AdministrationCivil Works AdministrationTo bring the economy back to prosperityAgricultural Adjustment AdministrationTennessee Valley AuthorityTo put safeguards in place so that the same situation would not occur againFederal Deposit Insurance CorporationSecurities and Exchange Commission The Second New Deal The New Deal did not pull the nation out of the Great Depression However, it did substantially improve the lives of millions of people for both the short term and the long term. The programs of the New Deal would help stabilize the country and bring hope to millions