1、Copyright IDC. Reproduction is forbidden unless authorized. All rights reserved.Kenya ICT Board Monitoring and Evaluation Survey Results22ND November 2011AgendaProject Background Market Overview (Key Indicators 2010, Kenya IT Market Value (US$M) Forecast 2010-2015, Kenya IT spend by Vertical segment

2、s) ICT Ecosystem Overview - Vendor Survey (market Structure, challenges, opportunities, Vendors performance, outlook) International Benchmarking ICT Skills Survey Highlights Residential Usage and Penetration Highlights Business Survey Highlights Recommendations2Project Background3BackgroundSurvey Ob

3、jectivesUnderstanding the Kenyan ICT Ecosystem and trends in the market.Sizing the ICT Market and its sub segments (hardware, software, services, etc) in Kenya.Compiling a baseline of key ICT KPIsBenchmarking key Kenya ICT indicators against six countriesUnderstanding the ICT Skills availability, de

4、mand and gapsSurvey HighlightsAims to provide ground-breaking primary research that encompasses numerous market sub -segments and different stakeholders It will leverage on existing secondary market research in order to consolidate existing discrete market information It will have a repeat cycle to

5、gauge the progress and impact of KICTB and other stakeholders initiatives. The survey is consultative as well where multiple stakeholders are both respondents (i.e. What are your issues?) and also beneficiaries (i.e. What to do?) Timely to augment development of existing KICTB projects Pasha centres

6、 (rural access) , Tandaa (digital content), Wezesha (asset financing) as well as other government ICT initiativesKenya ICT Market Overview5Market OverviewKenya ICT Market Key IndicatorsVolume of international traffic (Mbps) 20,209.56 Mbps International Internet bandwidth, Mbps per 10,000 population4

7、.2Number of Computers per 100 inhabitants2.4% of households with a personal computer6.3%Total number of Internet Subscriptions4,716,977Total number of internet users10,199,836% of population with Internet Access25.9%Internet subscribers as % of total population11.5%Total number of main fixed lines (

8、fixed lines plus fixed wireless)380,748Total number of mobile subscriptions24,968,891Number of .Ke domain names18,000.00 % of organizations with a website90.0% of full time employees who use internet for work at least once a week52.14%6Market Overview ICT Spending by Technology Areas7Market Overview

9、 Spending by Vertical Sectors8Kenya ICT Ecosystem9Kenya ICT EcosystemStructure10Kenya ICT EcosystemHighlights 1/2There are an estimated 20-30 vendors present in the market most of whom rely on a small pool of major distributors and Tier 1 Value Added Resellers (VARs) and Dealers who combined account

10、 for the bulk of ICT Business in Kenya estimated at nearly 50-60%.On average PC and Printer vendors each have between three to four distributors and at least six other partners (dealers and systems integrators) each at different market levels. At the lower part of the pyramid are Tier 2 VARs and dea

11、lers, estimated to number more than 100 players and whose focus is part of the SME segment, the SMME and home user segment. These are players who typically do not have a country wide presence and would largely be found operating at a provincial level or even a national level (where SMEs have such a

12、presence to require nationwide services) but at a smaller scale nonetheless.These Tier 2 firms are mostly Kenyan owned companies serving other Kenyan owned businesses and occasionally securing parts of relatively good contracts in the government and education segments, where procurement of goods or

13、services may require a local player.11Kenya ICT EcosystemHighlights 2/2The Tier I players largely comprise companies with both a national and regional presence, and in most instances are majority foreign owned companies spinning off regional offices in South Africa, UAE, India among other countries.

14、 Owing to having a good foothold in their parent regions, coupled with access to industry best practices, fairly solid skills bases and access to capital, such companies have been able to target the market segment that includes multinational companies (MNCs), large enterprises and government, where

15、such credentials bear heavily on decision making at this level. Vendor competition on channel partnerships has intensified with main distributors being sought after by other vendors to leverage on their reseller network. Thus multiple brand handling by the channels is the norm even for channel partn

16、ers who were loyal to certain vendors. The channel is maturing fast with thinning out of grey shipments.Telcos and telco channels are now selling PCs.12Kenya ICT EcosystemHighlights 2/2Vendors are keen on setting up offices in Kenya to serve the East and Central Africa region. Vendors with a local p

17、resence enhance the brand image significantly as well as improve logistical support and increased marketing campaigns. With more vendors setting up locally, the market has seen an increase in both the number of channel partners.Government initiatives including infrastructure development, regulatory

18、reforms (licencing frameworks), investment in public access centres, e-government projects, content creation, device subsidies, have all had a very positive effect in transforming the market, stimulating investment, ICT uptake and bolstering confidence in the overall ICT market.Thus vendors have reg

19、istered positive growth over the last three years of between 15-15% in business and with some posting growth in headcount of between 25-50%13Kenya ICT EcosystemKenya as a regional HubAmong the countries Kenya based vendors have reach into from their Kenyan hub include: Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Buru

20、ndi, Ethiopia and Southern Sudan.Kenya is without doubt the regional hub for most vendors with a regional reach spanning between three to six countries on average for vendors. Aside from being a hub, it is also a stepping stone for these vendors to set up operations in neighbouring countries but sti

21、ll maintaining somewhat centralized marketing, inventory and support functions at regional levels. Inherent in this structure are various opportunities including training, skills transfer, overall higher employment, technology leadership and increased investment.14Kenya ICT EcosystemChallenges faced

22、ChallengesCurrency fluctuation affecting importsOverall low purchasing power especially in 2011 with high inflation putting pressure on disposable income.Taxation on consumable products and unclear taxation framework to define various ICT imports.Product/Service quality perception vis a vis other co

23、mpeting products/services in the market (e.g. pro-West stance or pro-more established brands)Lengthy customs procedures - demurrage costs passed on to users therefore higher prices.Sourcing highly qualified talent.Doing business with the government procurement laws.15Market OpportunitiesSkills devel

24、opment.Further infrastructure investment mainly last mile access and quality of existing networks is crucial for more pervasive adoption.Reform tax environment to attract ICT investors.Addressing the problem of counterfeit products (consumables, devices) , with support of relevant government departm

25、ents (in terms of scrutiny, enforcement and standards). The success experienced by counterfeiters illustrates there is good demand for products.Skills gaps are opportunities where channel partners can intervene themselves rather than leave it up to vendors to acquire and maintain the skills. Channel

26、 partners can develop their own existing staff to meet some of these positions and leave the vendor to have a basic presence - a sort of shift down the tier and in line with the earlier stated objective to deepen intimacy with customers and strengthen the channel. Overall growth in the IT market wil

27、l continue to stimulate growth in other areas.Enhance the platform for increasing regional reach.16Kenya ICT EcosystemVendors Market Outlook Investing in specific ICT Skills like mobile applications development and setting up innovation hubs.Vendors have deliberate strategies to develop and use more

28、 local talent than imported.Setting up innovation funds at academic levels and for developer groupsEntry of products relevant to the local market and environment (e.g. solar powered devices) Increased participation in government driven ICT programmes. Watching very keenly on developments with the Ko

29、nza Digital City with a view to enhancing presence and regional investment.Deepen customer relations as more intimacy is needed in the market. Reforming go to market strategies in line with a changing ecosystem underpinned by technological and other developments. Increase presence in the region, hea

30、dcount and channel partnerships.Enhance vertical sector and product specializations skills, products, GTM approach. Focus on infrastructure issues and how to address how lack of adequate infrastructure (power) affects uptake.17Benchmarking Kenya18Benchmarking Internet Users vs Connections as a % of

31、populationIn more developed countries the total number of connections vis a vis the number of users are evenly spreadIn countries like Kenya, Nigeria and Morocco, there are lower numbers of connections but higher number of users indicating most connections are shared connections and largely comprise

32、 business connections (including publicly accessible connections like cyber cafes, education institutions). 19Benchmarking Total Internet vs Household penetrationKenya has a higher internet penetration vis a vis South Africa but mainly bolstered by mobile internet connections though with a lower pro

33、portion of households connected owing to a declining fixed network and poor development of DSL based services. Kenya compares much better than both Nigeria and Rwanda on both countsEgypt has a much higher overall and household internet penetration with a huge gap between Kenya of almost 25 percentag

34、e points at household level.20BenchmarkingComputer PenetrationKenya has slightly higher PC penetration rates than Nigeria and Rwanda but still very far behind South Africa and Morocco, mostly owing to lower disposable income than these countries.21BenchmarkingHousehold Internet Access vs Household P

35、C AccessIn terms of PC Access at the household level, Kenya is only better than Rwanda. It should be noted that Nigeria as a manufacturer of PCs (Zinox brand) that are locally affordable, accounts for much higher PC penetration at household levels but negligible household internet penetration given

36、infrastructure issues (submarine cables arrived way after they did in East Africa)22BenchmarkingBusiness Internet UsageIn terms of business usage of the internet, Kenya is nearly on par with more developed countries like Egypt and Morocco and slightly ahead of Nigeria23BenchmarkingBroadband Access T

37、ariffsDespite additional capacity, cost of broadband is still a factor for business vis a vis other countries.Nigeria has recently got a lot of international bandwidth but constrained somewhat by back bone, last mile access and electricity challenges.Landlocked Rwanda largely relies on bandwidth fro

38、m operators in neighbouring countries.24IT Skills Survey25IT Skills Survey Highlights IT Employment by ProfessionOf the total IT employment in Kenya (27,000 IT professionals in 2010), IT support people represent the largest portion (27%), followed by Applications Systems Analysts and System Engineer

39、s (13% each).The structure of IT professions is slightly different for IT companies and end-users. While the IT management and administration professions prevail in the end-user segment, IT companies employ more IT development-related professionals.Source: IDC IT Skills ModelIT Skills Survey Highlig

40、hts Demand Prediction by ProfessionsRoughly 9600 IT professionals are expected to be added to the Kenyan IT workforce.The demand for individual IT professions differs by profession. Software Developers (at 70% growth) and Project Managers (at 57% growth) are the professions expected to grow the fast

41、est over the period 2011-2013.Source: IDC IT Skills Model27IT Skills Survey Highlights Availability of IT ProfessionalsApplication Systems Analysts and Software Developers are the IT professions that are least available. Approximately 45% of respondents reported they are very difficult or difficult

42、to find.On the contrary, IT Support people and IT Administrators are much easier to find only for less than 10% of respondents, they were reported as very difficult of difficult to find.Source: IDC IT Skills ResearchN = 158Source: Business Survey28IT Skills Survey Highlights Demand/Availability Matr

43、ix for IT ProfessionsNew jobs growth between 2011 and 2013% of companies reported very difficult or difficult to findMonitorConsiderFocusAvailabilityDifficultEasy DemandLowHighSoftware developerApplication Systems AnalystIT Project ManagerSystem EngineerIT Manager/ DirectorIT ConsultantWeb DesignerI

44、T SupportIT AdministratorTeam Leader29IT Skills Survey Highlights Demand Prediction by IT SkillsThe demand for individual IT professions differs. The most growing demand will be seen for IT Project Management Skills (136%) and Software development skills (135%).IT Administration and HW skills are pr

45、ojected to grow at the lowest rate less than 12%.Source: IDC IT Skills Model30IT Skills Survey Highlights Availability of IT SkillsSoftware development/deployment & Enterprise/business application skills are least available for approximately 30% of interviewed organizations, these professions are ve

46、ry difficult or difficult to find.Project management, security and mobile technology skills were also reported as difficult to find.Internet-related & Networking skills are available and easy to find.N = 158Source: Business Survey31IT Skills Survey Highlights Demand/Availability Matrix for IT Skills

47、New jobs growth between 2011 and 2013 DemandLowHigh% of companies reported very difficult or difficult to findAvailabilityDifficultEasyMonitorConsiderFocusSecuritySoftware DevelopmentProject ManagementEnterprise/Business ApplicationsMobile TechnologiesDatabasesNetworkingHWInternetIT Adm.Data Storage

48、IT Project Management32IT Skills Survey Highlights Supply side: Skills lacking in graduatesSkills lacking in graduates: Interviewees were asked about the skills they thought their graduates were lacking in or particularly strong in, following are the skills plotted representing an average of the rat

49、ings.Skills in graduatesLACKINGSTRONG INSoftware skillsStructured & Innovative thinkingTeam skillsHardware skillsProblem solvingProject management skillsSoftware skills and Problem solving skills rated the highest while hardware and project management skills rated much lower.33Please skip this page

50、Tablet Pc ManufacturingSkills in graduatesLACKINGSTRONG INSoftware skillsStructured & Innovative thinkingTeam skillsHardware skillsProblem solvingProject management skillsSoftware skills and Problem solving skills rated the highest while hardware and project management skills rated much lower.34IT S

51、kills Survey Highlights Demand Side : Skills lacking in graduatesQ: What type of skills are the graduates particularly lacking?When probed on the types of skills usually lacking in graduates, companies cited Innovative thinking, Problem solving and Project management/implementation as the top three

52、skills that are lackingSome of these findings were seconded by the university interviewees which indicated lower ratings on project management/implementation skills and innovative thinking.Based on some interviews with ICT companies, Business/ Soft skills were cited as lacking in graduates as well a

53、s keeping up with technology trends; the view was expressed that the gap between theory and practice needs to be bridged via mediums such as internshipsSource: Business Survey35IT Skills Survey Highlights Overall business perception of IT Skills Roughly a quarter of companies are not satisfied with

54、the quality of IT professionals from educational institutions in KenyaApproximately a third of companies have contacted or plan to contact external providers to manage the skills shortages.Roughly half of the respondents believe that the lack of IT skills significantly impacts business and IT operat

55、ions & performance.Source: Business Survey36IT Skills Survey Highlights Inhibitors Supply Side/Educ inst viewFunding and Infrastructure constraints cause less availability of resources and labs; not all the educational institutions are adequately networkedScarcity of experienced faculty and a genera

56、l shortage of teaching skills for technology; it was also indicated that it is tough for educational institutions to match private sector payLast-mile connectivity to rural areas was also cited as an inhibitor. This severely limits the availability and accessibility of internet, both from a quality

57、and price perspectiveQuality of education: The view was expressed by more than one interviewee that skills obtained from many colleges and institutions are not adequate for the industry. Consistency of curriculum was a common theme, with the lack of guidelines emphasized. The watered-down value of c

58、ertifications and lack of market-relevant courses in some educational institutions were other themes.General lack of understanding of IT as a career37IT Skills Survey Highlights Inhibitors - Businesses viewQ. In your opinion, what are the key factors hampering the availability of IT skilled professi

59、onals in the country? Source: Business Survey38Residents Survey Highlights39IT Skills Survey Highlights IT companies view of inhibitors of IT skillsSome large ICT companies were of the opinion that that the overall skills pool in the Kenyan market is rather limited.The view was also expressed that t

60、here is more of a gap at the advanced skills level as many IT professionals with advanced skills leave the Kenyan market while there is not much of an influx of experienced professionals from abroad.Another related issue is loyalty and attrition; IT professionals are perceived as migratory and there