1、Unit 7P1Dialogue and cooperation among cultures and civilizations are some of the best ways to further understanding and tolerance among peoples. They help to avoid misunderstandings due to ideological, economic and cultural differences. Mistrust and ignorance among cultures and civilizations can be

2、 the source of tensions undermining peace in the world .Given the richness, diversity and long history of their respective cultures, Europe and Asia, determined to promote unity in diversity, are particularly committed to developing dialogue among their cultures and to protecting and promoting cultu

3、ral diversity in order to meet positively new globalization related challenges .在文化和文明之間開展對話與合作是不同民族間增進理解和包容的最好方式之一，它有助于避免意識形態、經濟以及文化差異引起的誤解。不同文化和文明間的互不信任和缺乏了解往往會造成緊張局面，危及世界和平。歐洲和亞洲各自都有豐富多彩、歷史悠久的文化，有鑒于此，雙方都堅定地在多樣化中推動統一，致力于在文化間展開對話，保護和弘揚文化多樣性，以積極面對全球化帶來的新挑戰。P 2Indian and Iranian civilizations enjoy a

4、n ancient coexistence. The two nations have experienced friendly relations at least 3500 years. Both civilizations, with their shared racial origin, descending from the Aryan tribes, and the abundant cultural affinities, played an active role in developing human civilization and neither was consider

5、ed a “marginal civilization”. In fact, the civilizations commonalities are unique and the frequent exchanges of visit by both countries educated people and common people have led to close relationship between the nations.印度文明和伊朗文明自古以來就相安共處。3500多年以來，兩國一直保持著良好的關系。這兩種文明擁有共同的種族淵源都起源于亞利安部落和眾多的文化相似性，在人類文明

6、的發展中起到了積極的作用，都不是“邊緣文化”。事實上，印度文明和伊朗文明有著許多獨特的共性，兩國知識分子和平民大眾間頻繁互訪也在也在兩國間建立起了密切聯系。P 3中國和南非的友誼源遠流長，可以追溯到公元16世紀。自1998年1月1日在中南兩國建立外交關系以來，雙邊經貿合作和文化交流受到兩國政府的高度重視；各種投資及合作項目雨后春筍般地在兩國生根發芽。在經濟全球化發展的格局中，中南兩國之間的巨大互補性使得兩國之間的交往和交流不僅成為一種可能，而且成為一種必然。The friendship between China and South Africa can be traced back to t

7、he sixth century. After the establishment of the formal diplomatic relationship between china and south Africa on January 1,1998, both governments have paid special attention to the bilateral trade cooperation and cultural exchanges. Many investment and cooperation projects have been rapidly set up

8、in both countries. With the globalization of the world economy, the complementation of South Africa and china not only makes the cooperation and exchanges between them possible, but also offers a definite historical choice.P 4金秋十月，肯尼迪中心將帶給您嶄新的中國表演藝術和文化體驗。擁有上下五千年悠久歷史和13億人的中國，正以驚人的步伐邁入21世紀。正當這充滿活力的中華文

9、明升起并閃耀在世界舞臺之時，肯尼迪中心的“中國文化節”將向您展示這個國家傳統與嶄新的面貌，熟悉與神奇的風采。During the month of October, the Kennedy center is your destination for a groundbreaking experience in Chinese performing arts and culture. Rich with 5000 years of history and 1.3 billion people, China has moved into the 21st century at a breatht

10、aking pace. As this dynamic civilization catapults to prominence upon the world stage, the Kennedy Centers Festival of China reveals fascinating visions of the country that are ancient and new, familiar and exotic.Unit 8P1Today let me give you not a definition but a description of country music in t

11、he United States, first of all, the themes in country music are traditionally rural-oriented and very often southern. Second, the lyrics-or words of the song- are usually country simple and basic. The guitar is the main music instruments, too, but usually country music is built around the guitar. An

12、d the country singers voice traditionally had a nasal quality and often a southern or southwestern accent.今天，我要給你們講的不是美國鄉村音樂的定義，而是它的描述。首先，鄉村音樂的主題是傳統的，以鄉村為題，經常指南方鄉村音樂。其二，歌詞通常簡單明了。吉他是鄉村音樂的主要樂器，你也能聽到鋼琴和其他樂器聲，但鄉村音樂通常以吉他為主。鄉村音樂的歌手傳統上帶有鼻音，往往還帶有南方或西南方口音。P2 In an age that haughtily made man the measures of

13、all things, Shakespeare betrayed the essential fragility of the species, defining humanity with the stories that continue to be our parable, both existentialist and romantic. His works are still the vessels of our dreams and thoughts. “Shall I compare thee to a summers day? ”A tale told by an idiot,

14、 full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. For the generations after him, Shakespeare would be both goad and god-not only the autocrat of the English language but a seer into what Coleridge called “the inferior nature” of human existence. We know little of Shakespeares interior life, and some even

15、 question his identity. But there is no need for pyramids or monuments. His monument is his name. Shakespeare is now the global code word for culture.在人類能夠趾高氣揚評判一切事物的時代，莎士比亞講述了至今仍為我們所傳頌的存在主義和浪漫主義故事，給人類重新定義，屆時除了人類脆弱的本性。他的話語仍然是我們夢想和思想的導管?！拔夷馨涯阆奶煜啾葦M？”“人生不過是癡人說夢，充滿喧囂與嘩動，卻了無異議。”對于莎士比亞之后的一代又一代的人來說，他既催人奮進，

16、又令人望塵莫及，逼近英語無人匹敵，而且對于人類的本性的洞察入木三分。對于莎士比亞的內心世界，我們知之甚少，有人甚至懷疑是否確有其人。但是莎士比亞不需要金字塔，不需要紀念碑。他的紀念碑就是他的名字。莎士比亞已經是全球文化的代名詞。P3電影節明星云集無疑是錦上添花的點睛之筆，但電影節最大的亮點無疑是成百部精心挑選的國際影壇佳作的集中放映。在入選的影片中，文藝片、商業片、獨立制作的小成本影片甚至另類電影比比皆是，更有電影短片、紀錄片的加入，影片展映可謂異彩紛呈，滿足了境外嘉賓，電影專業人士以及廣大影迷電影藝術的不同追求。電影節的影片放映不同于常規的影院業放映，它充分體現了電影的多元與多變，強化了電影

17、的藝術性和純粹性，為那些追求卓越生活品質、享受藝術和崇尚藝術的人提供不可多得的機會。Numerous shining stars perfects the festival with glory, but the true focus of the film festival is the screening of excellent films selected from hundreds of films. These films include art films, commercial films, low-budget independent films, and also with

18、 the join in of short films and documentaries, the international panorama becomes much more diversified and splendid. The enriching selection is able to fulfill the multi needs of foreign guests, film specialist, and of course the local mass audience. Screenings during the festival is different from

19、 the usual box office line of screening. Festival screenings fully display the diversity and everchanging phases of films. The pureness and aesthetics of films are intensified, thus making it easier for people in persuasion of high quality life and artistic taste.P4在中國每星期的標準工作時間為40小時，如此可使工作的人有充分的時間娛

20、樂和進修。除體育和健身外，攝影、集郵、縫紉和園藝是大眾喜愛的消遣。其他的愛好包括繪畫、雕塑、木工及金屬工。The standard work hours every week in china is 40 hours. This gives workers ample times for recreation and educational pursuits. In addition to sports and keep fit activities, photography, stamp collecting, needlework, and gardening are popular le

21、isure pursuits. Other hobbies people enjoy include painting, sculpture, wood and metal work.Unit 9P1 Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the way by which man pollutes his surroundings. Man dirties the air with gasses and smoke, poisons the water with chemicals and other substances,

22、and damages the soil with too many fertilizers and pesticides. Man also pollutes his surroundings in various other ways. For example, people ruin natural beauty by scattering junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing nois

23、e. Nearly everyone causes pollution in some way.環境污染是指人們利用各種方式污染周圍環境的一個術語。人們通過氣體和煙霧來污染空氣，用化學物質以及其他物質污染水源，還用大量的化肥和殺蟲劑破壞土壤。人們還通過其他的方式污染著環境。例如，總有人往地面上和水里扔垃圾，破壞自然美。人們使用的一些機器和交通工具噪音很大?？梢哉f，幾乎每個人都在某種程度上對周圍環境造成污染。P 2People may differ in what they consider to be a pollutant, on the basis of their assessment

24、of benefits and risks to their health and economic well-being. For example, visible and invisible chemicals spewed into the air or water from a plant nearby pose a danger to the people nearby and other animals and plants. However, if the installation of expensive pollution controls leads to the redu

25、ction of productivity, the unemployed might feel that the risks from polluted air and water are minor weighted against the benefits of profitable-some forms of air pollution might be a slight annoyance to a healthy person but life threatening to someone with emphysema or another respiratory disorder

26、.基于環境污染對人類健康和生活所帶來的利弊的不同估計，人們對同一污染源持有不同的看法。例如，有形和無形的化學原料從附近的工廠排放到空氣或水中，這對于附近的人和其他的生物構成危害。但是，如果該工廠因裝置昂貴的控污的設備而導致生產成本提高，失業工人也許會覺得廢氣廢水所造成的危險與擁有豐厚利潤的工作相比真是微乎其微。同種程度的污染對不同的影響也不同。比如說，某些空氣污染對于一個健康的人來說只是小煩惱，而對患有肺氣腫或呼吸道疾病的人來說卻是生死攸關的。P 3水污染使我們用來飲用和清洗的純凈新鮮的水資源不斷減少，用于游泳、垂釣的水源也在減少。水污染源主要來自工業、農場以及排水系統。每年有數千萬噸工業廢物

27、被傾倒入水中，這些廢物包括化學原料，來自動植物的廢物，以及其他上百種廢物。農場廢物包括動植物排泄、化肥和殺蟲劑。其中大部分物體都從田地里排除流入附近的水中。排水系統將來自每家每戶，辦公室和工業中的廢水排出。Water pollution reduces the amount of pore, fresh water that is available for such necessities as drinking and cleaning, and for such activities as swimming and fishing. The pollutants that affect water come mainly from industries, farm, and sewerage systems. Industries dump millions of tons of waste products into bodies of water each year. These wastes include chemicals, wastes from animal and plant matter, and hundreds of other substances. Wastes rfrom farms include animal w