1、WORD格式考研英語閱讀理解精選試題及答案解析Unit1 PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1It?splaincommonsense?Dthemorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It?splaincommonsense,butit?snottrue.Recentresearchrevealst

2、hathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson?slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.Butwhenresearchersmeasurepeople?saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness

3、,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserable,butprobabl

4、ywon?tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappinessdoesn?tappeartobeanyone?sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.Psychologistsh

5、avesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeeling?Dhappinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhavealsobeguntofindoutwho?shappy,whoisn?tandwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn?tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.Whyisu

6、nhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironment?Whenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn?tmean,however,thatsomepeopleareborntobesadandthat?sthat.Genesmaypredisposeonetounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.Youcanincreaseyourhappi

7、nessthroughyourownactions.1.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat1專業資料整理WORD格式Aunhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.Bhappinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.Cunhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternalfactors.Dhappinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.2.Theauthorarguesthatonecan

8、achievehappinessbyAmaintainingitatanaveragelevel.Bescapingmiserableoccurrencesinlife.Cpursuingitwithone?spainstakingeffort.Drealizingitscoexistencewithunhappiness.3.Thephrase“Todate(Pabre.4b)ecsatnreplacedbyAAsaresult.BInaddition.CAtpresent.DUntilnow.4.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorbelievesabouthappinessan

9、dunhappiness?AOnefeelsunhappyowingtohismiserableorigin.BTheyareindependentbutexistingconcurrentlyCOnefeelshappybyparticipatinginmoreactivities.DTheyareactionsandattitudestakenbyhumanbeings.5.Thesentence“That?sthat(Par.5)probablymeans:SomepeopleareborntobesadAandthesituationcannotbealtered.Bandhappin

10、essremainsinaccessible.Cbuttheydon?tthinkmuchaboutit.Dbuttheyremainunconsciousofit.Text2Thelegallimitfordrivingafterdrinkingalcoholis80milligramsofalcoholin100millilitresofblood,whentested.Butthereisnosurewayoftellinghowmuchyoucandrinkbeforeyoureachthislimit.Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweig

11、ht,yoursex,ifyou?vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou?vehad.Somepeoplemightreachtheirlimitafteronlyaboutthreestandarddrinks.Infact,yourdrivingabilitycanbeaffectedbyjustoneortwodrinks.Evenifyou?rebelowthelegallimit,youcouldstillbetakentocourtifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol.Itta

12、kesaboutanhourforthebodytogetridofthealcoholinonestandarddrink.So,ifyouhaveaheavydrinkingintheeveningyoumightfindthatyourdrivingabilityisstillaffectedthenextmorning,oryoucouldevenfindthatyou?restilloverthelegallimit.Inaddition,ifyou?vehadafewdrinksatlunchtime,anotheroneor2專業資料整理WORD格式twodrinksinthee

13、arlyeveningmaywellputyouoverthelegallimit.Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmovableposts.andthelessabletheyweretodoit!Sotheonlywaytobesureyou?resafeinsottodrinkatall.Alcoholisamajorcauseofroadtrafficacciden

14、ts.Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.Morethanhalfofthepeoplestoppedbythepolicetotakeabreathtesthaveabloodalcoholconcentrationofmorethantwicethelegallimit.Itisimportanttoremembert

15、hatdrivingafteryou?vebeendrinkingdoesn?tjustaffectyou.Ifyou?reinvolvedinanaccidentitaffectsalotofotherpeopleaswell,notleastthepersonyoumightkillorinjure.6.TheamountofalcoholadrivercandrinkwithinthelegallimitisAabout80mgofpurealcohol.Baboutthreestandarddrinks.Cinproportiontohisweight.Dvaryingwithdiff

16、erentpeople.7.YoumightbeaccusedofdrunkdrivingwhenAyoudriveuponhavingsomedrinks.Byoubecomeahelplessalcoholaddict.Cyourdrivingisfoundabnormalfordrinking.Dyouralcoholpercentagefailsthetest.8.AtestshowedthatdrunkenprofessionaldriverscouldAhavegreaterconfidencethansoberones.Bmoveawayasetofpostsonthetestg

17、round.Cfailinthetestdespitetheirself-affirmation.Dserveasalarmingexamplestopotentialdrivers.9.AlcoholisthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidentsbecauseAmorethan30%roadcasualtiesaredrinkdrivers.Bdrinkingaffectspeople?smindandemotion.Caboutone-thirddriversareusedtodrinking.Dyoungdriversarefamiliaramongtrafficvi

18、ctims.10.Aboutdrinkdriving,theauthorwarnsyouofthefactthatyou3專業資料整理WORD格式Amaybetakentocourtbythepolice.Bareputtingyourselfindanger.Cmayhurtorkillanotherdriver.Daresettingotherpeopleatrisk.Text3Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasth

19、emarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realg

20、oodssuchasautomobiles,shoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.A

21、nalternativeforthemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedicts(orders)orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythego

22、vernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition;everyperson?splacewithi

23、ntheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage(origin),religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste(socialclass)mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwher

24、eeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnant(unchanging)societymayresult.11.ThemainpurposeofthetextistoAinterprettheessenceofgeneraleconomics.4專業資料整理WORD格式Bcomparebarterandcash-exchangemarkets.Coutlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.Dargueforthesuperiori

25、tyofacertaineconomy.12.Theword“realin“realgoods(Par.2)cpolaucldedbebsytbereAgenuine.Bconcrete.Cdurable.Dpractical.13.Accordingtothetext,abartereconomymayleadtoAunfairtransaction.Bdirectconflicts.Cgradualdeflation.Dtradingtroubles.14.Inanadministeredsystem,businessactivitiesareunderthedirectionofAmaj

26、oreconomicorganizations.Bgeneralpublicadvisorybody.Clargecommercialcompanies.Dcertainofficialdepartments.15.Allofthefollowingarementionedasfactorsdeterminingone?splaceinatraditionalsocietyEXCEPTAfamilybackground.Bageandeducation.Creligiousbeliefs.Destablishedexperience.Text4It?spossiblethatwhileyoua

27、reatwork,youmaydreamaboutamonthofSundays,butyourbosswishesforaweekofTuesday.That?sbecausshee/heprobablyknowsthatproductivityisoneofthemainfactorsbolstering(supporting)acompany?sgrowth.AndarecentpollshowsthatworkersaremostproductiveonTuesdays!Accountemps,anemploymentagency,conductedanationalsurveyofo

28、fficemanagers,whichshowsthatbythemiddleoftheweek,theyseeadramaticproductivitydecrease.WhileMondayisconsideredsecondin“productivityvalue,onlyninepercentofofficemanagersthinkWednesdayisthepeakproductivityday.FivepercentbelieveitisThursday.AndFriday,well,youcanjustimagine!However,forty-eightpercentofth

29、emanagerspolledsaidthatTuesdayis,byfar,themostproductivedayoftheweek.Acloseanalysisofworkweekrhythmswouldturnupsomeobviousreasonsforthosesurveyresults.Firstofall,Mondayisoverloadedwithmeetings,designedto“getthingsmoving,andeverybodyknowsmeetingsaren?tveryproductive.Wednesdayis“humpda駝y峰日()?Dgetoveri

30、taspainlesslyaspossible,aworkerthinks,andtheweekismorethanhalfwayover.OnThursday,peoplearerunningoutofsteam;andFriday,everybody?sthinkingabouttheweekend.Therearereasonswhytheotherdaysaren?tproduticve,butwhatmakesTuesdayspecial?5專業資料整理WORD格式Tuesdays,employeeshitpeakperformancebecausetheyareveryfocuse

31、donday-to-dayactivities.Also,it?susuallythefirstdayoftheweekwhenthey?refocusedontheirowntask.They?renotinmeetingsthattakethemawayfromtheirprimaryresponsibilities.Actually,Tuesdayscanbequitehectic(fullofexcitementandwithoutrest).Workersarearrivingatworkfairlyfrantic(wildlyexcited).Andso,in10hours,the

32、y?redoing20-hourwork.That?sproductive,butit?salsotough.Thisdoesnotmeanthatnothinghappensonthelastthreedaysoftheworkweek.Thingsdonotgetsolaxthatpeoplearesittingwiththeirfeetondesks,sippingcoffeeandtalkingonthephoneallday,butthere?sadefinitelackoffocus.Thepacesotefnsandtherhythmslowsdown.Andthisisnoth

33、ealthy:itproducesfatigueandlowersproductivity.Topreventthismidweekslowdown,somemanagementconsultantssuggestthatemployersavoidjammingsomanymeetingsintoMondays.Workdeadlinescanberescheduledtostretchouttheworkflow.Variationsinproductivityareonlynatural,butbothworkersandbosseswinwhenthepeaksandvalleysar

34、elessdramaticthantheyarenow.16.Accordingtothepoll,whichofthefollowingdaysismostproductive?AThursday.BFriday.CMonday.DWednesday.17.ThepeakproductivitydayoftheweekismarkedbyAviolentexcitementandactivity.Bdueenthusiasmandcreativity.Churriedanddisorderedmovement.Dfullconcentrationandefficiency.18.Thewor

35、d“laxinthelastparagraphmeansAusuallynegligible.Blackingincontrol.Ctotallydistractive.Dworthyofrelaxing.19.Withrespecttothechangesinproductivity,thetextsuggeststhatAworkdeadlinescanbereadjusted.Btheyarereasonableandexpectable.CMondaymeetingsmaybecalledoff.Dtheirdifferencesaretobeminimized.20.Theautho

36、rhasexplainedallofthefollowingEXCEPTAthestepstakentoalterworkweekrhythms.Btheproductivityonthe6thdayoftheweek.6專業資料整理WORD格式Cthereasonwhymidweekslowdowntakesplace.Dtheconcernbosseshaveaboutlowproductivity.PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutmarketingstrategies.Choosethemostsu

37、itableheadingfromthelistA?DFforeachnumberedparagraph(21?D25).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AWhichmarketingtacticmustanentitytake?BQualityfirst,competitionsecondCExemplifyoffensivemeasuresDComplexf

38、actorscauseduemarketanalysisEThemotiveforproceedsalsofunctionsFStrategyvarieswithexternalconditionsTherearethreegeneralmarketingstrategiesthatanorganizationcanadopt.21.Thefirstisanaggressivestrategy,characterizedbygeneratingagreatdealofpromotion,varyingprices,changingthetimesandplacesatwhichtheprodu

39、cts/servicesareoffered,differentiatingtheproducts/servicesfromthoseofcompetingorganizations,hiringcreativesalespersonstopromotetheproducts/services,spendinglotsofmoneyonmarketingactivities,andsoforth.22.Thesecondgeneralmarketingstrategyisaminimalone,characterizedbydoingverylittlepromotion,pricingbel

40、owmarket,offeringservicesattraditionalplacesandtimes,spendingverylittlemoneyonpromotionandsalespersons,andsoforth.Thethirdisabalancedmarketingstrategy,anin-betweenstrategythatdiffersfromanaggressivestrategyandaminimalstrategyonlyindegree.Thesethreestrategiesareappropriatealternativesforanyorganizati

41、on.However,noteveryorganizationneedsanaggressivestrategy,nordoeseveryorganizationneedabalancedstrategyoraminimalone.Thesituationfacingeachentityisobviouslydifferent,callingforananalysisofthefactorsthatdictatewhichofthethreealternativestrategiesismostsuitableforeachorganization.23.Thefirstmajorfactor

42、isthenatureofthemarketcompetitionfacingtheorganization.Ifitisinamonopolyposition,withnodirectcompetitorsinitsmarketarea,thenaminimalmarketingstrategyissuitable.However,iftheorganizationisinanoligopolymarketposition,withafewcompetitorsinitsmarketarea,thena7專業資料整理WORD格式balancedmarketingstrategyiscalle

43、dfor.Ifthereisahighdegreeofcompetitionandseveralcompetingproducts/servicesinitsmarketarea,thiswouldsuggestanaggressivemarketingstrategy.Further,iftherearemanyotherformsofindirectcompetition,thentheorganizationshouldpursueabalancedmarketingstrategy.24.Thesecondmajorfactoristhequalityoftheproducts/ser

44、vicesoffered.Iftheorganizationhashigh-qualityproducts/services,aminimalmarketingstrategyiscalledfor,otherfactorsbeingequal.Ifitisinaweakmarketpositionwithlow-qualityproducts/services,aminimalmarketingstrategyshouldbepursued.Iftheproducts/servicesareofmediumquality,thiswouldsuggestabalancedstrategy.2

45、5.Thethirdmajorfactoristherevenuestrategiesthatthemanagersmaydesiretopursue.Forexample,ifthemanagerswanttomaximizetheorganization?srevenuesfromitsproducts?services,thentheorganizationshouldadoptanaggressivemarketingstrategy.Ifitwantstominimizerevenues,thenitshouldpursueaminimalstrategy.However,ifitw

46、antstobalanceitsrevenues?Dnotmaximizingandnotminimizing?Dthenabalancedmarketingstrategyiscalledfor.Thesefactorsmaybesummarizedandputintodecisionmodelforanadministratortouseindecidingwhichgeneralmarketingstrategyhis/herorganizationshoulduse.Oncethestrengthsandweaknessesareweightedforeachfactor,anover

47、allevaluationcanbecompleted,allowingtheadministratortoarriveatanoveralldecision?Dthatis,whethertofollowanaggressive,balanced,orminimalgeneralmarketingstrategy.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSH

48、EET2.(10points)Notlongago,technologyinthehomewascarvedupintowell-definedterritories:ThePC?DcareofMicrosoft,Intel,Dell,andthelike?Dpresidedoverthehomeoffice.Thetelevisionandstereowerekingandqueenofthelivingroom.Thesedays,though,thedigitalrevolutionisshakingupthatcomfortableease.(26)WiththeadventofMP3

49、musicfiles,personalvideorecorders,gamemachines,digitalcameras,andahostofothermediaandservices,it?snolongerclearwhocontrolswhichbitofhomefloor.Andthathassetoffabattlefordominanceinhomeentertainment.Theshake-upcoversthetechnologyspectrum.MicrosoftCorp.isspendingbillionsonentertainmentinitiativessuchas

50、itsX-boxvideogamecomfortpaqComputerCorp.andHewlett?PackardCo.sellMP3musicplayersthatplugintohome?stereo8專業資料整理WORD格式systems.PhilipsElectronicssellsastereothathooksintoahigh-speedInternetconnectiontoplaymusicfromtheWeb.Consumersaregettingthemessage.(27)Salesofmanyofthesedevicesshouldtakeoffthisyearan

51、dnext:U.S.shipmentsofMP3digitalmusicplayersforlisteningtosongsdownloadedfromtheNetareexpectedtojumpbymorethan50%thisyear,to7millionunits,accordingtoresearchersInternationalDataCorp.Salesofpersonalvideorecorders,suchasTiVo,whichletyourecordTVshowsforlaterviewing,shouldnearlytriplethisyearintheU.S.,to

52、2.2millionunits.Evenhigh-definitiontelevision(HDTV)?DthedurableNextBigThing?Dmaysoontakeoff.(28)Bytheendof2003,nearly6millionU.S.homesshouldhaveHDTVsets,andbyyearend,some7.7millionAmericanhomesareexpectedtohavenetworkstotietheirdigitalgeartogether,withstronggrowthspurredbyanewstandardforwirelesslink

53、scalledWiFi.Callitthenextbigwaveoftechnology.(29)AfterthePCeraandtheInternetAge,manyconsumershavegrowncomfortablewithtech:Two-thirdsofU.S.homesownPCstoday,while60%haveInternetaccess,accordingtoresearchersGartnerData-quest.Toreachtherestofthemarket,technologycompaniesneedtobuildsimplerdevicesthatoffe

54、rmoreentertainment.(30)Andthesenewmachinesneedtoworktogetherasreadilyasstereocomponentsdotoday,andshouldbenearlyaseasytosetupanduseasatelephoneoratelevision.Thatisleadingtothecomputerizationoftechnologyoverthenextfivetotenyears.ThefutureisaboutMP3players,digitalvideo,andthelike.9專業資料整理WORD格式參考答案Part

55、AText1:1.A2.C3.D4.B5.AText2:6.D7.C8.C9.B10.DText3:11.C12.B13.D14.D15.BText4:16.C17.D18.B19.D20.APartB21.C22.A23.F24.B25.EPartC26.隨著MP3音樂文檔、個人錄像機、游戲機、數碼照相機及許多其它媒體和效勞器的問世，終究誰會占據家庭中的哪塊地盤，就很難說了。27.今明兩年，這些電器中許多產品的銷售量會急劇上升，據國際數據公司的研究人員估計，能收聽從網上下載歌曲的MP3數碼音樂播放機，美國今年出貨預計躍升50%以上，到達700萬套。28.到2003年末，近600萬美國家庭擁有

56、高清晰電視機，而到年終，隨著稱作WiFi的無線連接新技術標準所激發的迅猛開展，預計約有770萬美國家庭用網絡系統把他們的數碼裝置聯成一體。29.許多消費者在經歷過個人電腦時代和互聯網時代之后，對新技術業已應付自如；據Gartner數據調查公司的研究人員統計，現在2/3的美國家庭擁有個人電腦，而60%的家庭有互聯網接口。30.而且，這些新機器需要像現在的立體音響部件那樣容易地組合起來運行，同時它們還應該幾乎像機或電視機一樣容易安裝和使用。答案解析Unit1PartAText1【文章大意與構造】本文討論了幸福感與不幸福感話題。作者第一、二段指出幸福與不幸福實際上并非同一情感的兩個方面，它們互為共存，各自增減，兩者之間沒有多少關系；第三至五段提到，不幸福的遺傳稟性可能存在于某些家庭，而幸福感那么主要靠后天培養，幸福感是一種主觀感受，天生感到不幸福的人也可通過自己的努力增加幸福感。本文在構造上的顯著特點是各段中間均使用轉折詞“but或“however，前半段的表達作為鋪墊，后半段引出作者要表述的觀點。【試題解析】10專業資料整理WORD格式1.判斷題。此題可定位于第3段