1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上八年級(jí)語(yǔ)法全匯總一. 詢(xún)問(wèn)某人的健康問(wèn)題及遭到麻煩的表達(dá)方法1. 詢(xún)問(wèn)某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí)，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)：Whats the matter (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？Whats wrong (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？Whats the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了？What happened to sb? 某人發(fā)生了什么事？Are you OK? 你沒(méi)事吧？Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有不舒服/麻煩嗎？2. 要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：某人+have

2、/has+病癥The twins have colds雙胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位He has a sore throat. 他喉嚨痛。某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞He hurt his leg. 他的腿受傷了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly. 我頭痛得厲害。某人+have/has+a pain+in ones+身體

3、部位I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。(There is) something wrong with ones+身體部位There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。其他表達(dá)方式She has a heart trouble. 她有心臟病。He got hit on the head. 他頭部受到了撞擊。She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。二. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法1. should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，否定式為shouldnt，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。常用來(lái)表示

4、征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。You should drink more water. 你應(yīng)該多喝水。He should put his head back. 他應(yīng)該把頭后仰。We should try our best to help him. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力去幫助他。 You shouldnt watch TV. 你不應(yīng)該看電視。2. should用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句，表示征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)。Should I put some medicine on it? 我應(yīng)當(dāng)給它敷上藥嗎？Should we tell her about it? 我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎？3. 在英語(yǔ)中，表示建議的說(shuō)法

5、有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：Would you like (to do) sth？你想要愿意（做）某事嗎？Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打籃球嗎？Shall I/we do sth? 我/我們做某事好嗎？Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 明天我們?nèi)?dòng)物園，好嗎？Why not do sth? 為什么不.呢？Why not join us?為什么不加入到我們當(dāng)中來(lái)呢？How/What about doing sth? 做某事怎么樣？How about going swimming

6、? 去游泳怎么樣？Lets do sth. 讓我們做.吧。Lets go home. 咱們回家吧。Youd better (not) do sth 你最好（不）要做某事。Youd better not go there alone. 你最好不要一個(gè)人去那兒。三. 反身代詞英語(yǔ)中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱(chēng)、性別和數(shù)上保持一致。第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) myself yourself himself/herself/itself復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves反身代詞的用法1. 可用作賓語(yǔ)，指的是賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一

7、些人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表語(yǔ)，指的是表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。如： She isnt quite herself today.3. 可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧

8、自己teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué)enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)自用（隨便吃/喝些）hurt oneself 弄傷自己say to oneself 自言自語(yǔ)leave sb. by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下【注意】 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)，但可以做主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myself can finish my homework.（正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homew

9、ork myself.四. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1. will+動(dòng)詞原形否定式：will not=won't一般疑問(wèn)式：will/shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式？Will he help you with your English tonight?今天晚上他會(huì)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎？Yes, he will./No, he won't.是的，他會(huì)。/不，他不會(huì)。When will you arrive for America?你什么時(shí)候去美國(guó)？Tomorrow.明

10、天。2. am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形否定式：am/is/are not going to +動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問(wèn)式：am/is/are +主語(yǔ)+ going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式？Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us?他會(huì)幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎？What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？3. will+動(dòng)詞原形與am/is/are

11、going to +動(dòng)詞原形的用法區(qū)別will+動(dòng)詞原形與am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形的用法雖然都表示將來(lái)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或情況，一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。will主要用于在以下三個(gè)方面：（1）表示主觀(guān)意愿的將來(lái)。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他們將去廠(chǎng)參觀(guān)工廠(chǎng)。（2）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀(guān)的將來(lái)。He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年這個(gè)時(shí)候他就（將）三十歲。（3）表示臨時(shí)決定，通常用于對(duì)話(huà)中。Mary has been ill for

12、a week.瑪麗病了一周了。Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.噢，我不知道。我去看看她。be going to主要用于以下兩個(gè)方面：（1）表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、安排好打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。（2）表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測(cè)。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！烏云密集。天要下雨了。五. 動(dòng)詞不定式（to do

13、）的用法1. 作主語(yǔ)為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式后置。常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.2. 作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。3. 作（后置）定語(yǔ)常用于“have/hassth.to do”或“Its time to do sth.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)tell, ask, want,

14、invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。【注意】動(dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省去to：“一感(feel)，二聽(tīng)(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)”。5. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to)

15、“為了，目的是”。六. Could you please.？句型1. 請(qǐng)求別人時(shí)通常用此句型，也可以說(shuō)Can you.please?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could或can在這里均表示請(qǐng)求，在意思上無(wú)區(qū)別，但是用could在于其顯得更委婉、客氣、誠(chéng)懇。在日常生活中常使用could you/I.?若在句末加上please，則顯得更禮貌。Could you help me find my book, please?你能幫我找到我的書(shū)嗎？2. 對(duì)could you/I.？的問(wèn)句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh, please dont

16、”。 一般不用no開(kāi)頭，用no顯得語(yǔ)氣生硬、不禮貌。3. 表示請(qǐng)求的其他句式Would you like to do.?Would you mind doing.?Lets do.Please do.(祈使句前加please)七. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 基本概念：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。We were w

17、atching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋t was raining when they left the station.他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu) was / were ( not ) + 動(dòng)詞-ing3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法的比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫(xiě)了封信。(信寫(xiě)完了。)Dav

18、id was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫(xiě)信。(信不一定寫(xiě)完。)八. 狀語(yǔ)從句1. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless = if.not. 除非，若不 They will go tomorrow unless it rains.= They will go tomorrow if it doesnt rains.2. as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一.就.”。He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句句型1：主

19、語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+so+形容詞/副詞+that從句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2： so +形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞 + that從句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.句型3. so + many/ few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that從句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that 從句I had so little

20、 money that I couldnt buy a pen.九. 形容詞/副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)比較等級(jí)，即原級(jí)（也就是原形）、比較級(jí)（表示“較”或“更”的意思，用于兩者之間比較）和最高級(jí)（表示“最”的意思，用于三者或三者以上的比較）。1. 形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化（1）單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)單詞，比較級(jí)在后面加-er，最高級(jí)在后面加-est。 單音節(jié)單詞smallsmallersmallestshortshortershortesttalltallertallestgreatgreatergreatest 少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)單詞c

21、levercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest（2）以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)單詞，比較級(jí)在原形后加-r，最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st。largelargerlargestnicenicernicestableablerablest（3）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)（即：輔音元音輔音）單詞中，先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est。bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest（4）以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級(jí)加-er，最高級(jí)加-est。easyeasiereasiesth

22、eavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiesthappyhappierhappiest（5）其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在前面加more，最高級(jí)在前面加most。beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost differenteasilymore easilymost easily2. 形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化goodbetterbestwellbetterbestbadworseworstillworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldes

23、tmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar further/farther furthest/farthest3. 原級(jí)常用句型（1）A is as+原級(jí)+ as+ B 表示A與B一樣.eg. He is as tall as me.（2）A is not as/so +原級(jí)+ as B 表示A不如B.eg. He is not as tall as me.（3）只能修飾原級(jí)的詞，very，quite，so，too，so，enough，pretty等 。eg. He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。4. 比較級(jí)常用句型

24、（1）當(dāng)句中有than時(shí)則用比較級(jí)。eg. He is fatter than me.（2）“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+形容詞比較級(jí)，A or B？ ”eg. Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一個(gè)更大，地球還是月球？（3）“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越.”。eg. The flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來(lái)越漂亮。English is more and more important. 英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越重要了（4）“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越.，越.”。eg. The more careful y

25、ou are，the fewer mistakes youll make.（5）可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even，still等。eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一課比第二課容易得多。5. 最高級(jí)常用句型1.“主語(yǔ)+be+the+形容詞最高級(jí)（+單數(shù)名詞）+in/of.”表示“是中最的”。Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.湯姆是他們班上/所有學(xué)生當(dāng)中最高的。2.“主語(yǔ)+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+(the)+副詞最高級(jí)+in/of.”表示“是中最的”。I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我們班跳得最遠(yuǎn)的。3.“主語(yǔ)+be+one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of.”表示“是中最之一”。Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中國(guó)最大城市之一。4.“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+the+最高級(jí)，甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者或三者以上的比較。Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Can