1、謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞動詞謂語動詞謂語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)時態(tài)、語態(tài)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣非謂語動非謂語動詞詞不定式不定式動名詞動名詞分詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞 動詞的時態(tài)：動詞的時態(tài)：、體、體時時一般一般進行進行完成完成完成進行完成進行現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在dodoam/is/are am/is/are + doing+ doinghave/has have/has + done+ donehave/has have/has + been + been doingdoing過去過去diddidwere/was were/was + doing+ doinghad donehad d

2、onehad been had been +doing+doing將來將來will/shall will/shall +do+dowill/shall be will/shall be + doing+ doingwill/shall will/shall have + donehave + donewill/shall will/shall have been + have been + doingdoing過去將來過去將來would/ would/ should + doshould + dowould/ would/ should be + should be + doingdoingw

3、ould/should would/should have + donehave + donewould/should would/should have been + have been + doingdoing 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法一般現(xiàn)在時的用法表示表示經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性或或習(xí)慣性習(xí)慣性的動作或的動作或存在存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度頻度的時間狀語連用。的時間狀語連用。everyevery, sometimes, often, usually, on Sunday, sometimes, often, usually, on Sunday I I leaveleave home for

4、 school at 7 home for school at 7 every morningevery morning. . He He is is alone. alone.2) 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。The earth The earth movesmoves around the sun. around the sun.3) 3) 表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。 Actions speak louder than words.Actions speak louder than words.4) 4) 表現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。表現(xiàn)

5、在的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 I I dontdont want so much. want so much. Ann Ann writeswrites good English but good English but does notdoes not speakspeak well. well. He He believesbelieves he can achieve his goal one day. he can achieve his goal one day.5) 5) 用在以（用在以（if , unless, before, as soon as , when , once,

6、the more-the more )引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的時間和條件狀語從句時間和條件狀語從句中表中表將來將來 I Ill ll take parttake part in the game if it in the game if it doesndoesnt raint rain. . I Ill let him know as soon as he ll let him know as soon as he comescomes. . The more he studies hard, the more progress he will make. 有時為了強調(diào)動作的完成，有些動詞也可用現(xiàn)在完成

7、時。有時為了強調(diào)動作的完成，有些動詞也可用現(xiàn)在完成時。 DonDont get off the bus until it t get off the bus until it has stoppedhas stopped. . When you When you have finishedhave finished your homework, you can play for a your homework, you can play for a while.while.6)根據(jù)時刻表的安排將要根據(jù)時刻表的安排將要發(fā)生的事件，日程一般不可變更，發(fā)生的事件，日程一般不可變更，語氣比較肯定，常用

8、的動詞有：語氣比較肯定，常用的動詞有：arrive , leave, come, go , open, close, return, start, begin, end, stop等。 The trains arrives at 18:40. The shop opens at 8 a.m and closes at 11.pm.7)以以 here 或或 there 開頭的句子，說明正在發(fā)生的動作，開頭的句子，說明正在發(fā)生的動作，謂語動詞不用現(xiàn)在進行時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。謂語動詞不用現(xiàn)在進行時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Get it ready. Here comes a bus. There goes

9、 the bell. 一般過去時的用法一般過去時的用法 1 1）在）在確定的過去時間確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：狀態(tài)。時間狀語有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, the other day, just now,just now,in 1982in 1982, , I I stayedstayed up last night, for I up last night, for I hadhad a lot of

10、 a lot of homework to do.homework to do. Where Where diddid you you gogo just now? just now?2 2）表示）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性或或習(xí)慣性習(xí)慣性的動作。的動作。 When I When I waswas a child, I often a child, I often playedplayed football in the street. football in the street.3 3）有時過去的時間隱含在情景里）有時過去的時間隱含在情景里，含有，含有“剛才，在過去

11、剛才，在過去”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已不再這樣。之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已不再這樣。 I hardly I hardly recognizedrecognized you, Marry. you, Marry. I didn I didnt know you were coming .t know you were coming . （09，全國I）Edward, you play so well. But I _ you played the piano.A. didnt knowB. hadnt knownC. dont knowD. havent known4) 4) 用在一些句型里：用在一些句型里：It

12、 is time you It is time you wentwent to bed. to bed.I wish I I wish I werewere a bird. a bird. Id rather you Id rather you camecame tomorrow. tomorrow. 比較：比較：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Mrs. Darby Mrs. Darby livedlived in Kentuck for seven years. in Kentuck for seven years.

13、Mrs. Darby Mrs. Darby has livedhas lived in Kentucky for seven in Kentucky for seven years.years.( (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。) )( ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去) ) 一般將來時一般將來時1) 1) 表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)，常用表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)，常用will / shall + will / shall + 動詞動詞 時間狀語有：時間狀語有：tomorrowtomorrow，next week

14、next week 等等。 I Ill ll gogo to your city tomorrow. to your city tomorrow.2) 2) be doingbe doing，表，表計劃的將來計劃的將來，常用動詞有：常用動詞有：go, come, go, come, leave, arriveleave, arrive等等。 He He is leavingis leaving for America on business next month. for America on business next month.3) 3) be going to dobe going t

15、o do，表示將來。，表示將來。 a. a.主語的打算、意圖主語的打算、意圖，即將做某事。，即將做某事。 What What areare you you going to dogoing to do tomorrow? tomorrow? b. b. 表示表示“預(yù)測預(yù)測”，說明有跡象，說明有跡象要發(fā)生的事要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there Look at the dark clouds, there is going to beis going to be a a storm.storm.4) 4) be to dobe to do表將來，表將來，按計劃

16、或正式安排按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的將發(fā)生的事，或表示事，或表示要求、命令要求、命令做某事做某事, ,在在if if引導(dǎo)的條件從引導(dǎo)的條件從句中，表示一種句中，表示一種愿望愿望。We We are to discussare to discuss the report next Saturday. the report next Saturday. You You are to finishare to finish the work by Friday. the work by Friday. If you If you are toare to succeed, you must work

17、hard. succeed, you must work hard.5) 5) be about to dobe about to do，意為，意為馬上做某事馬上做某事。 He He is about tois about to leaveleave for Beijing. for Beijing.注意：示注意：示be about to be about to 不能與不能與tomorrow, next tomorrow, next week week 等表明確將來時的時間狀語連用。等表明確將來時的時間狀語連用。-Ann is in hospital.-Oh, really? I _ know

18、. I _ go and visit her.A. didnt; am going toB. dont; wouldC.dont; will D.didnt; will 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法：現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法：a. a. 表示表示現(xiàn)階段現(xiàn)階段或或目前正進行目前正進行的動作。的動作。We We are waitingare waiting for you. for you.Mr. Green Mr. Green is writingis writing another novel this month.( another novel this month.(說說話時并未

19、在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) ) b. b. 表示漸變的動詞有：表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, go, get, grow, become, turn, go, 等等，可表示逐漸，越來越，可表示逐漸，越來越。The leaves The leaves are turningare turning red. red.ItIts s gettinggetting warmer and warmer. warmer and warmer. c. c. 與與always, constantly, foreveralways, const

20、antly, forever 等詞連用，表示等詞連用，表示反反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有往往帶有說話人說話人的主觀色彩的主觀色彩。You You areare always always changingchanging your mind. your mind.典型例題：I dont really work here; I _out untilthe new sectary arrives.just help B. will just helpam just helping D. just helped 從第一句可知，我并不是真的在這里工作，由此判斷

21、我只是臨時在幫忙一直到新秘書到來為止。所以它表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。故C為正確答案。 過去進行時表示過去進行時表示過去某一時刻過去某一時刻或或某時段某時段正在進行正在進行的動作。這一特定的時間可用時的動作。這一特定的時間可用時間狀語連用。如：間狀語連用。如：at that time; at 8 at that time; at 8 o oclock last night ; this time yesterday ; clock last night ; this time yesterday ; whenwhen I I was havingwas having breakfast at

22、7:30 this breakfast at 7:30 this morning.morning. They They were havingwere having a discussion the whole a discussion the whole morning yesterday.morning yesterday. 典型例題： -“Sorry to have interrupt you , please go on.Sorry to have interrupt you , please go on.” -Where was I ? -Where was I ? - -“You

23、_you didnYou _you didnt like your fathert like your fathers s job.job.” A. had said B. said A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying C. were saying D. had been saying 過去將來時過去將來時：表示：表示過去某一時刻以過去某一時刻以后將發(fā)生后將發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài)，常用在賓語的動作和狀態(tài)，常用在賓語從句中。從句中。the next weekthe next week，如：，如： Yesterday we deci

24、ded that we Yesterday we decided that we should goshould go to Shanghai next week. to Shanghai next week. She said she She said she would waitwould wait for me at for me at the school gate.the school gate. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： have (has) +have (has) +過去分詞過去分詞。 現(xiàn)在完成時常與一些時間狀語連用現(xiàn)在完成時常與一些時間狀語連用, , 如：如：alre

25、ady; yet; just; before; recently ; already; yet; just; before; recently ; latelylately ; ;等。等。1) 1)表示動作表示動作發(fā)生在過去發(fā)生在過去，但，但對現(xiàn)在有影響對現(xiàn)在有影響。如：。如： I I havehave just just comecome back from America. back from America. He He hashas alreadyalready postedposted my letter. my letter.2)2)表示動作或狀態(tài)自表示動作或狀態(tài)自過去某一時間開始

26、過去某一時間開始，持續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在，常，常與與sincesince，for,so far ,up for,so far ,up tototill now, till now, in/during/for the past(last) few years,in/during/for the past(last) few years,等連用。等連用。如：如： He He has beenhas been ill ill sincesince last month. last month. Her father Her father has beenhas been dead dead forf

27、or ten years. ten years. 注意：含有瞬間意義的動詞如注意：含有瞬間意義的動詞如join , die,join , die,leave,receive, buyleave,receive, buy, , arrive arrive等，不能與表示一段時等，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，間的狀語連用，例如：例如： He has joined the Army for 5 years ( He has joined the Army for 5 years () He He has been inhas been in the Army for 5 years. ( the A

28、rmy for 5 years. () It It is / has beenis / has been 5 years 5 years sincesince he joined the Army.( he joined the Army.()I have received his letter for a month. I have received his letter for a month. （） I have I haven nt t received his letter received his letter forfor almost a month. almost a mon

29、th.（ ）注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。的狀語連用。用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1 1）It is the first / second timeIt is the first / second time.the only- that.the only- that結(jié)構(gòu)中的結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It It is is the first time that I the first time that I have visitedhave visited the city.

30、 the city. It is the only detective novel that I have ever read. It is the only detective novel that I have ever read.2 2）This is theThis is the that that結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)，that that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時. . This is the This is the bestbest film that film that Ive (ever) seenIve (ever) seen. . 這是我看過的最好的電影。這是我看過的最好的

31、電影。 過去完成時過去完成時 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成: had +: had +過去分詞過去分詞 1) 1) 表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時刻或動作之前，即表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時刻或動作之前，即“過去的過去過去的過去”。在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，。在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。 When the police arrived, the thieves When the police arrived, the thieves had runhad run away. away. The train Th

32、e train had lefthad left before I got to the station. before I got to the station. 2) 2)表示意向的動詞，如表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, mean, planplan等，用過去完成時表示等，用過去完成時表示 原本原本，未能，未能“ We We had hopedhad hoped that you would come, but you didnt. that you w

33、ould come, but you didnt.3) 3) 過去完成時的時間狀語過去完成時的時間狀語before, by the end of, before, by the end of, by the time , by the time , whenwhen。 He said that he He said that he had learnedhad learned some English some English before.before. By the time he was twelve, Edison By the time he was twelve, Edison h

34、ad beganhad began to make a living by himself.to make a living by himself.注意：注意： no sooner no sooner than; hardly -when than; hardly -when剛剛 就就 No sooner No sooner had hehad he bought the car than he sold it bought the car than he sold it Hardly Hardly had hehad he arrived at the station when the ar

35、rived at the station when the telephone rang.telephone rang. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示從過去的某：表示從過去的某一時刻始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。一時刻始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。強調(diào)強調(diào)延續(xù)過程延續(xù)過程。如：。如： He He has been workinghas been working at the school at the school for 30 years. for 30 years. 他一直在這個學(xué)校工作他一直在這個學(xué)校工作了三十年。了三十年。過去進行時與一般過去時的比較過去進行時與一般過去時的比較 過去進行

36、時表示過去正在進行的動作，而一過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作，而一般過去時表示一個已經(jīng)完成的動作。般過去時表示一個已經(jīng)完成的動作。 He was writing a book last year. ( He was writing a book last year. ( 表示此書表示此書可能尚未寫成）可能尚未寫成） He wrote a book last year He wrote a book last year。.( .( 表示此書已經(jīng)表示此書已經(jīng)寫完）寫完）比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時1 1）過去時過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述

37、過去的事情，過去的事情，強調(diào)過去動作已完成強調(diào)過去動作已完成；現(xiàn)在完現(xiàn)在完成時成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，的影響，強調(diào)的是影響強調(diào)的是影響。舉例：舉例： I saw this film yesterday. I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film. I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）了。） They have worked together

38、for ten They have worked together for ten yearyears. s.( (可能仍在合作，也可能剛剛結(jié)束合作）可能仍在合作，也可能剛剛結(jié)束合作） They worked together for ten years.They worked together for ten years. ( (過去曾一起合作，但現(xiàn)在已不在一起工作）過去曾一起合作，但現(xiàn)在已不在一起工作） 現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的比較 現(xiàn)在完成時著眼于過去發(fā)生或開始的動作與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時著眼于過去發(fā)生或開始的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則著眼于現(xiàn)在以在

39、的聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則著眼于現(xiàn)在以前一段時間內(nèi)動作一直在進行的過程本身。前一段時間內(nèi)動作一直在進行的過程本身。 I have been reading the book for the whole I have been reading the book for the whole day.day. 我整天一直在讀這本書。我整天一直在讀這本書。 （一直不停地讀，沒有說明是否讀完。）（一直不停地讀，沒有說明是否讀完。） I have read the book.I have read the book. 我讀過這本書了。我讀過這本書了。 （說明讀過或讀完了。）（說明讀過或讀完了。） 將來進行

40、時將來進行時：表示將來某時刻或：表示將來某時刻或某階段正在進行的動作或者按照計某階段正在進行的動作或者按照計劃要做的事情。劃要做的事情。 如：如：At this time tomorrow we At this time tomorrow we shall shall be waitingbe waiting for you here. for you here. 明天這個明天這個時候，我們在這兒等你。時候，我們在這兒等你。 將來完成時將來完成時：表示將來某一時刻：表示將來某一時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。 如：如：When you come tonight at 8 When

41、you come tonight at 8 o oclock, I clock, I shall have reviewedshall have reviewed ten ten lessons.lessons. 你今晚十點回來時，我已你今晚十點回來時，我已復(fù)習(xí)完十課書。復(fù)習(xí)完十課書。 動詞語態(tài)的時態(tài)體現(xiàn)：動詞語態(tài)的時態(tài)體現(xiàn)： 體體時時一般一般進行進行完成完成現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在am/is/are + am/is/are + donedoneam/is/are am/is/are being + donebeing + donehave/has been have/has been + done+ don

42、e過去過去was/were + was/were + donedonewere/was were/was being + donebeing + donehad been + had been + donedone將來將來will/shall be + will/shall be + donedonewill/shall have will/shall have been + donebeen + done過去將來過去將來would/shouldwould/shouldbe + donebe + donewould/should would/should have been + have be

43、en + donedone 語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)時態(tài)主動主動被動被動一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時eat/eatsam /is /are + eaten一般過去時一般過去時atewas / were + eaten一般將來時一般將來時will + eatwill be + eaten過去將來時過去將來時would + eatwould be + eaten過去完成時過去完成時had + eatenhad been + eaten現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時have /has + eatenhave /has been + eaten將來完成時將來完成時will have + eatenwill have been +

44、eaten現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時am /is /are + eatingam /is /are + being + eaten過去進行時過去進行時was /were + eatingwas /were + being + eaten1.Bananas aregrown in Hainan.(海南種植香焦。）海南種植香焦。）2.Many more trees willbeplanted in our school next year.（我們學(xué)校明年將種更多的樹我們學(xué)校明年將種更多的樹。）。）3.Were the trees planted by him?這些樹是他種的嗎這些樹是他種的嗎？4.You

45、ng trees mustbelookedafter. (必須照看好小樹）必須照看好小樹）5.Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.(那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。）那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。）6.Thehomeworkhasbeenfinishedyet.（家作已經(jīng)做完了。）（家作已經(jīng)做完了。）1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool. Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換賓提前變主，主變介賓提前變主，主變介byby賓，被動賓，被動bebe加加done,done,時態(tài)看主動時態(tài)看主動2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyea

46、rs.Manytrees wereplanted byuslastyear.過去時的被動語態(tài)：過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+P.P3.Weshouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be +PP4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.將來時的被動語態(tài)：將來時的被動語態(tài)：Will/shall+be +PP5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satellit

47、eshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.完成時的被動語完成時的被動語:Have/has+been +PP現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：is+being+pp6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.I wasgiven abook byher.Abookwasgiventomebyher.7.Shegavemeabook.如如 遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前如若變直賓，間賓前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring, show,te

48、ll）8.He made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him.這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to 離開，被動句中離開，被動句中to回回 來。來。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)9.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含動詞詞組的被動注意：含動詞詞組的被動語態(tài)，須將其看作一個語態(tài)，須將其看作一個整體，不可把它們分隔開整體，不可把它們分

49、隔開來。來。將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me

50、a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week. 6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _that for him.7. I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library. canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedntbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengivenA traffic accident _(happen)

51、just now.happened2. 連系動詞連系動詞（Link.v.) 如：如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds1. 不及物動詞不及物動詞（vi.) 如如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動語態(tài)的動詞不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：3.表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，s