1、2021/3/91Pub Talk and the Kings EnglishLesson Three2021/3/92 Contents Background information Structural analysis Language features Words & Phrases Figures of Speech2021/3/93Background information The author: Henry Fairlie Henry Jones Fairlie (13 January 1924 London, England - 25 February 1990 Wa

2、shington, D.C.) was a British political journalist and social critic. 2021/3/94Henry Fairlie: He spent 36 years as a prominent freelance writer on both sides of the Atlantic, appearing in The Spectator, The New Republic, The Washington Post, The New Yorker, and many other papers and magazines. Backg

3、round information2021/3/95Most widely held works by Henry Fairlie 1.The Life of Politics 2.The Kennedy Promise 3.The Spoiled Child of the Western World 4.The Parties 5.The Seven Deadly Sins Today 6.Bite the Hand That Feeds You2021/3/96The history of English Three stages of English: The Old English/

4、Anglo-Saxon English (449-1066) The Middle English /French- influenced English (1066-1500 ) The modern English (1500- the present): Early modern English (1500-1800) Late modern English (1800-the present)2021/3/97The history of EnglishOld English (449-1066 AD): In 449, the Angles, Saxon, and Jutes fro

5、m Northwest of Germany conquered the most part of England. 2021/3/98Middle English (1066-1500): In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England. (the Norman Conquest) For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English

6、and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. The history of English2021/3/99Early Modern English (1500-1800): From the 16th century, the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. Many Latin and

7、Greek words and phrases entered the language during Renaissance. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.Late Modern English (1800-Present): the English colonization of different countries resulted in the cr

8、eation of a variety of English: American English, Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English and Indian English. Late Modern English has many more words created from the Industrial Revolution and technology, and adopted foreign words from many countries. The his

9、tory of English2021/3/910Norman Conquest1. Reasons for Williams invasion of England after Edwards death: It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battl

10、e of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.2021/3/911Norman Conquest2. The Norman Conquest and its consequences: The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English hi

11、story. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. After the Norman Conquest, the general relation of Normans and Saxons was tha

12、t of master and servant. One of the most striking manifestations of the supremacy of the conquerors was to be seen in the language. 2021/3/912Writing style a piece of exposition What is pub talk? What is Kings English?conversation held in the public housestandard English2021/3/9132021/3/914Writing s

13、tyle The title: Pub Talk and the Kings EnglishThe title of this piece is not very aptly chosen. The writer illustrates his point by describing the charming conversation he had with some people one evening in a pub on the topic “the Kings English.Relationship?pub talkkings Englishwhat makes good conv

14、ersation.2021/3/915Main idea: The writer resumed to the topic of how to make a good conversation.Main idea: What is and what makes a good conversation.Part III: Para. 18-21Part II: Para. 4-17Part I: Para. 1-3Para.4-11: The topic “the kings English” was discussed unawares during a pub talk.Para.12-17

15、: Study or reflections done about the kings or queens English.2021/3/916Language features Conversational style: loosely organized informal language - to suit the theme Reasons for the informal style: 1. the title misleading The writer talks about the charm of conversation by illustrations:How to Mak

16、e Good Conversation”The Charm of Conversation”2021/3/917Language features2. the thesis We have two theses here a) The thesis - Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities. (Para 1) b) The real thesis - Bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para 3)3. the transition or digression par

17、a.5 served as transition shift general discourse to specific one2021/3/918Language features4. two different kinds of language a) colloquial expressions 俗語 on the rocks get out of bed on the wrong side b) literary allusions 文學典故， 引喻 in reference to a person; event; story5. mixed metaphors 6. no big a

18、nd abstract words7. sentence fragments2021/3/919Words & Phrases2021/3/920 intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships錯綜錯綜復雜的；難以理解的，難懂的復雜的；難以理解的，難懂的 indulge (v.) : give way to ones own desire盡情享受；盡情享受；從事于從事于 meander (v.) : wander aimlessl

19、y or idly；ramble漫步；漫步；閑逛閑逛 delve (v.) : investigate for information；search發掘；發掘；調查調查(研究研究)Words2021/3/921 desultorily (adv.) : aimlessly；at random隨意地；無目隨意地；無目的地的地 tart (adj.) : sharp in taste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的刻薄的 churl (n.) : a farm laborer；peasant農民；莊稼人，鄉農民；莊稼人，鄉下人下人 rift (n.) : an open

20、break in a previously friendly relationship分裂；失和分裂；失和2021/3/922 scamper (v.) : run or go hurriedly or quickly急急馳，快跑馳，快跑 rendering (n.) : a translation翻譯翻譯 intercept (v.) : seize or stop on the way，before arrival at the intended place攔截；截斷；攔截；截斷；截擊。截擊。 coin (v.) : make up；devise；invent(a new word，phr

21、ase，etc)編造；杜撰編造；杜撰(新詞、新短新詞、新短語等語等)2021/3/923 tussle (v.) : fight，struggle，contend，etcvigorously or vehemently斗爭，搏斗；競爭斗爭，搏斗；競爭 pejorative (adj.) : disparaging or derogatory輕蔑的；輕蔑的；貶低的貶低的 facetious (adj.): joking or trying to be jocular，espat an inappropriate time滑稽的；詼諧的；滑稽的；詼諧的；(尤指尤指在不適當的時候在不適當的時候)開玩

22、笑的開玩笑的2021/3/924 edict (n.) : an official public proclamation or order issued by authority；decree法令；命令；布告法令；命令；布告 immune (adj.): exempt from or protected against something disagreeable or harmful不受影響的；可避不受影響的；可避免的免的 chimpanzee (n.) anthropoid ape of Africa，with black hair and large，outstanding ears(

23、非洲非洲)黑猩猩黑猩猩2021/3/925 in a flash: suddenly, very quickly e.g.： Just wait hereIll be back in a flashon the rocks: (colloq)in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe ( (婚姻婚姻) )破壞的，失敗的破壞的，失敗的 e.g.: Tims marriage is on the rocks Expressions2021/3/926 get out the bed on the wrong side: to be cross or

24、grouchy 早晨起來便心情不好早晨起來便心情不好 come into ones own: to receive what properly belongs to one，espacclaim or recognition 得到自己該得的東西，如榮譽或世人的口碑得到自己該得的東西，如榮譽或世人的口碑 lay down: to assert or declare 聲明，頒布聲明，頒布 e.g.: The regulations lay down a rigid procedure for checking safety equipment 法令規定了一套嚴格的安檢程序法令規定了一套嚴格的安檢程

25、序。2021/3/927 turn up ones nose at: to sneer at，scorn 嘲笑，輕蔑嘲笑，輕蔑e.g. The children turned up their noses at my home cooking in the shoes of: in anothers position e.g. Im glad Im not in his shoes with all those debts to pay off sit up: (colloq)to become suddenly alert；be surprised or startled 吃驚，警覺吃驚，警

26、覺e.g.: I called her a damned hypocrite and that made her sit up我罵她惺惺作態，她馬上警覺起來。我罵她惺惺作態，她馬上警覺起來。2021/3/928The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. A stream or riverWhich meand

27、ers and leapsFireWhich glows and sparksConversation 閑談的引人人勝之處就在于它沒有一個事先定好的話題。它時而迂回流淌，時而奔騰起伏，時而火花四射，時而熱情洋溢，話題最終會扯到什么地方去誰也拿不準To move aimlessly and random To become lively and exciting The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got o

28、ut of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. To compare a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks.The language used here is characterized by colloquialismBe in a bad mood from the time you get up in the morning for no reason他們之中也許有人面臨婚姻破婚姻破裂裂，或戀愛失敗，或碰到別的什么不順心的事兒，但別人根本不管這些。Figures of Speech20

29、21/3/929They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.Bar friendsThe three musketeers in Dumas novel They were very close friends, supporting each other with their live

30、s, they show no curiosity in, nor tired to find out anything about, each others private life.Bar friends, likewise, do not probe deeply into each others lives. Nor do they try to discover the inmost thoughts and feelings of their dinking friends.他們就像大仲馬筆下的三個火槍手一樣，雖然日夕相處，卻從不過問彼此的私事，也不去揣摸別人內心的秘密。 The

31、glow of the conversation burst into flames.fireWhich bursts into flame, meaning that the conversationSuddenly become warm and lively.閑聊依舊熱火朝天。 We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.We began to have the conversation about Australia.but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judgi

32、ng the quality of the food and the wine. People with great minds;Distinguished eminent people2021/3/930The conversation was on wings. As if frying; fast moving and flowingThe conversation soon became heated and livelyWe ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.In the situati

33、onMeaning to think as if one were in the position of a Saxon peasantThe Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.The Elizabethans writers came into their own spreading the language far and wide through their literary writings.伊麗莎

34、白時代的人沒費吹灰之力，使其影響日盛，遍及全球.猶如吹蒲公英一般猶如吹蒲公英一般 I have an unending love affair with dictionaries His eager interest in dictionariesis compared to having a love affair with someone.It means that he has always had an intense interest in dictionaries.2021/3/931the Kings English slips and slides in conversatio

35、n.alliterationmetaphorSlide on a slippery surface, lose ones footing, in language that means to move away from accuracy and correct grammar, so the English one use is no longer absolutely correct.When E. M. Forster writes of the sinister corridor of our age, we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image. In our age people are traveling along a sinister road doing all kinds of evil things.We suddenly become alter and interested because the phrase used is so vivid and the image created by the metaphor in o