1、For personaluse onlyin study and research;not forcommercialuse螅上 海 高 考 英 語新題型之概要寫作膀 澄衷高級中學孫吉從2017年起，上海英語高考試卷的題型將面臨許多調整，其中之一便是增加了概要寫作（Summary writing） ，也有許多人將之稱為“小作文 ”。概要寫作分值占據 15 分，考查的是考生閱讀和寫作的綜合能力。蚆 概要寫作所給定的語篇一般在200-250字，內容豐富多樣，包含故事、時政、科普等，體裁以記敘文、說明文為主，字數一般要求在50-60字，答案盡量符合“ Key points of a summary勺

2、要求。蔽蒲一.正確認識概要寫作藏 1. Definition of summary writing （概要寫作的定義）荽 By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.蒲2. Key points of a summary （概要寫作的要點）蟻 Conciseness簡要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other

3、unimportant information.w Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.腿 Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.蛔Accuracy （準確性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.蠅 Coherence(連貫性)：Rather than an out

4、line listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.薄 Objectivity (客觀性)：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.w 3. Steps to write a summ

5、ary (概要寫作的步驟)蒂 1) Skim the text to find out the general theme.膂2)Analyze the text' s structure to divide it into several sections, find out thne maidea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence)量3) Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without

6、involving minor details.蝸4) Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.薄5) Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.方4. Beginning of a summary (概要寫作的開頭)放 Begin your summary with:月n*The author ' s name薄*Th

7、e article' s or chapter ' s name蔽 *The authors thesiatemenLa general overview(survey) of the article.袈 The Body:襖 First of all, the author describes前 He then points out that腿In addition, the author talks about芾Finally, the author suggests薄 Some other introductory phrases:蔻 *(The author) stat

8、es in (this article) that衿 *(The author), in (this article) shows that生*In (this article), (the author) writes that蒞 *As (the author) says in (this article),菜*The main idea of (the author ' s article) is 膂*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) tha

9、t + clause -肆 *The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.節二.記敘文概要寫作要點點撥展記敘文體的閱讀材料，相比其他文體而言，寫概要相對容易。在寫概要前， 除明確文章主題外，還應抓住六個要素：when, where, who, what, why, how。在這六個要素中，所占內容比重最大的是what。一般來說，記敘文的故事概要可以用這樣的模板來表示：蜜 Who did what by because祎當然，不是說每個故事概要都包含how或why,有時兩者選其一

10、即可。下文是課堂訓練的一個例子：童 Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it imo more than 60 words螞 I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our

11、 eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone. I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible.芳 The lake seemedbroad and endless. I was so thrilled(激動)to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my mo

12、torboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endlesslake. A sudden fear came around me. I didn ' t know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but couldn ' tfind my wa

13、y back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me

14、up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldn t say a word but cried in my father s arms.鬟賺材料分析：根據文本內容，這是一篇故事類的記敘文，要求對其進行概要寫作。因此，我們先找出記敘文的六要素：腿 Whentwo years ago妍 Where a trip to a big lake in Indonesia莆 Who“I ” , the writer膈 Whatgot lost; was found衿 Why go water-skiing alone; too thrilled肇 Re

15、sult father came to her rescue肇 列出了要點之后，我們就可以用自己的話將要點組織起來，概括成一段約50 詞的通順概要：芄 The passage tells us the writer s experience of adventure. Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing alone. She was so excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father fin

16、ally came to her rescue.（ 44 words）荒蕆 三說明文概要寫作要點點撥初說明文體的閱讀材料內容大致可以分為以下幾類：量現象揭示類：蔗 The article points out the common phenomenon （主題），which （補充解釋）噩利弊對比類： while B 薇 The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A 膈 The passage discusses the impact of sth.螂 On the positive side, ，but it ma

17、y also 蝕 研究顯示類：肄 The study reveals that 艘 The purpose of the report is to show that 袁 下文是課堂訓練的一個例子：聿 Directions: Please read the following passage and write a summary of it inno more than 60 words.蝴 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total.

18、 To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container

19、.羈 Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary,landfills take up valuable space, often stink （發出惡臭）,and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollut

20、ion.量 People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three

21、 categorie s metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to a recycling company for processing.菌 The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many con

22、sumers no longer reduce waste becausethey think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.薅肅 材料分析：根據文本內容，這是一篇講包裝材料所帶來的問題的說明文，要求對其進行概要寫作。因此，我們必須首先弄清每一段落的主要內容是什么。筮第一段開頭第一句話 “A large source of rubbish is packaging mat

23、erial. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total是段落的中心句，同時也點明了文章的 主題，后面就在以牙膏為例進行舉例說明。第二段主要講的是包裝材料所帶來的問題，主要包括兩方面，一是垃圾進入填埋場后所造成的污染；二是這些包裝材料在生產過程中會產生對空氣和水的污染。第三段主要在講人們正在采取措施解決包裝材料所帶來的問題， 其中第句 "People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials是段落的中心句，后面就在用德國的事情舉例說明

24、， 政府、制造商和個人采取的措施試圖解決包裝材料帶來的污染問題。第四段開頭的however至關重要，說明德國的方法盡管起到了一定的作用，但包裝材料的污染仍然是一個大問題，我們絕不能放松警惕。袈弄清了每段的主要內容后，我們就按照概要寫作的幾個原則對其進行連接， 在連接段落時需要添加必要的連接詞使其通順連貫即可：芍The article points out the problem of packaging. About one third of rubbish results from the packaging materials, which cause damage to the envi

25、ronment during their production and after ending in landfills. Though the programs carried out to combat the problem are temporarily successful, the problem remains a great concern. (50 words)肄蔓四.小試牛刀勘 Read the following paragraphs and use one sentenceor phrase to write the summary of each paragraph

26、.* 1. An Iowa high school counselor gets a call from a parent protesting the"C' herchild received on an assignment.“The parent argued every point in the essay,the counselor, who soon realized why the mother was so disappointed about the grade.“It became apparent that she ' d written it.

27、 ”袂袂蟆 2. In a survey, 90% of new teachers agreed that involving parents in their children education is a priority at their school but only 25% described their experience working with parents as “verysatisfying Wh en asked to choose the biggest challenge they face, 31% of them quoted involving parent

28、s and communicating with them as their top choice. 73% of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies.輯3. At a time when competition is rising and resources are limited, when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phone and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels slip into t