1、口譯筆譯分類詞匯（05）-環境保護詞匯一、環保詞匯21 世紀議程 Agenda 21 ( the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio deJaneiro Brazil(巴西里約) , provides the global consensus on theroad map towards sustainable development)世界環境日 World Environment Day (June 5 each year) 世界環境日主題 World Environment DayThemes

2、 環境千年行動起來吧！ ( 2000) The Environment Millennium - Time to Act ！拯救地球就是拯救未來！ ( 1999) Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 為了地球上的生命拯救我們的海洋 ! ( 1998) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas! 為了地球上的生命( 1997) For Life on Earth 我們的地球、居住地、家園( 1996) Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 國際生物多樣性日 InternationalBiodivers

3、ity Day (29 December) 世界水日 World Water Day (22 March) 世界氣象日 WorldMeteorological Day(23 March) 世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June ) 聯合國環境與發展大會(環發大會)United Nations Conference on Environment andDevelopment (UNCED) 環發大會首腦會議 Summit Session of UNCED 聯合國環境規劃署 UnitedNations Environment Programs( UNEP)2000 年全球環境

4、展望報告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入選“全球 500 佳獎” beelected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 聯合國人類居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS) 改善人類居住環境最佳范例獎 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人與生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO) 中國 21 世紀議程 China s Agenda

5、 21 中國生物多樣性保護行動計劃 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中國跨世紀綠色工程規劃China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 國家環境保護總局 State Environmental ProtectionAdministration (SEPA) 中國環?；痉结?China s guiding principles for environmental protection 堅持環境保護基本國策 adhere to the basic state policy of environme

6、ntal protection 推行可持續發展戰略pursue the strategy of sustainable development 貫徹經濟建設、 城鄉建設、環境建設同步規劃、 同步實施、同步發展(三同步)的方針 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation anddevelopment in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the“ three synchronizes ” p

7、rinciple) 促進經濟體制和經濟增長方式的轉變 promote fundamental shifts inthe economic system and mode of economic growth 實現經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益的統一 bringabout harmony of economic returns andcontribution to society and environmental protection 中國環保基本政策 the basic p olicies of China senvironmental protection 預防為主、 防治結合的政策 pol

8、icy of prevention in the first place and integratingprevention with control 污染者負擔的政策 “ the -polluters- pay” policy 強化環境管理的政策 policy oftightening up environmental management 一控雙達標政策 policy of “ One Order, Two Goals ” : “一控”： 12 種工業污染物的排 放量控制在國家規定的排放總量The total discharge of 12 industrialpollutants inC

9、hina by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.; “雙達標”： 1. 到 2000 年底，全國所有的工業污染源要達到國家或地方規 定的污染物排放標準 Thedischarge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000. 2.到 2000 年底， 47 個重點城市的空氣和地面水達到國家規定的環境質量標準 2. Air an

10、d surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major citiesshould meet related national standards by the end of 2000.對新 項目實 行環境影響評 估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects提高全民環保意識 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查處違反環保法規案件investigate and pu

11、nish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection環保執法檢查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatmentwithin a prescribed limit of time 中國已加入的國際公約 international conventions into which China hasaccessed 控制危險廢物越境轉移及其處置的巴塞爾公約Basel Convention on the Co

12、ntrol ofTransboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 關于消耗臭氧層物質的蒙特利爾議定書Montreal Protocol on Substances that Depletethe Ozone Layer 生物多樣性公約 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化國際公約 Convention toCombat Desertification 氣候變化框架公約 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

13、生態示范區 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region 國家級生態示范區(珠海) NationallyDesignated Eco-Demonstration Region 國家級園林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 對水質和空氣質量的影響 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理環境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly

14、in polluted waters) 工業固體廢物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution (by usingand littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性廢料積存 accumulation ofradioactive waste 有機污染物 organic pollutants氰化物、 砷、汞排放 discharge of cyanide, arsenic, mercury 鉛、鎘、六價鉻 l

15、ead, cadmium, sexivalentchromium 城市垃圾無害化處理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋場 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化廠 refuse incinerator 防止過度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate ofdeforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤鹽堿化 soil alkalization 農藥殘留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of wa

16、ter and soil 生態農業 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture 水資源保護區 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization 保護珊瑚礁、紅樹林和漁業資源protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource綠化祖國 turn the country green 全民義務植樹日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestationproject 綠化面積 affo

17、rested areas; greening space 森林覆蓋率 forest coverage 防風林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks ） 速生林 fast-growing trees 降低資源消耗率 slow down the rate of resourcedegradation 開發可再生資源 develop renewable resources 環保產品 environment-friendly products 自然保護區 nature reserve 野生動植物 wild animals and plants, wild fauna and flo

18、ra 保護生存環境conserve natural habitats 瀕危野生動物 endangered wildlife 珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地 rare andendangered species breeding center 自然生態系統 natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 環境負荷 carrying capacity of environment 三廢綜合利用 multipurpose use of three typesof wastes 先天與后天，遺傳與環境 nature-nurture 美化環境 landscaping

19、design for environmentalpurposes 防止沿海地帶不可逆轉惡化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 環境惡化environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 溫飽型農業 subsistence agriculture貧困的惡性循環 vicious cycle of poverty 大氣監測系統 atmospheric mon itori ng system 空氣污染濃度 air polluti on concen trati on 酸

20、雨、越境空氣污染 acid rain and tran sbo undary air polluti on 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissi ons 懸浮顆粒物 suspended particles 工業粉塵排放 in dustrialdust discharged 煙塵排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide (NO2)礦物燃料(煤、石油、天然氣)fossil fuels: coal, oil, and n atural gas清潔能源 clean energy 汽車尾氣排放 motor vehicle exhaust

21、尾氣凈化器 exhaust purifier無鉛汽油 lead-free gasoline天然氣汽車 gas-fueled vehicles電動汽車 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars氯氟烴 CFCs溫室效應 green house effect厄爾尼諾南徊 ENSO (El Ni no Southern Oscillati on)噪音 noise (分貝 db; decibel )化學需氧量(衡量水污染程度的一個指標)COD chemical oxygen dema nd生物需氧量 BOD; biological oxygen dema nd工業廢水處理率

22、treatme nt rate of in dustrial efflue nts城市污水處理率 treatme nt rate of domestic sewage集中處理廠 centralized treatment plant紅潮 red tide (rapid propagati on of sea algae二、英語“氣象”用語詞匯1、氣候種類山地氣候 mountainclimate冬季季風氣候 win termonsoon climate季風氣候 monsoonclimate亞熱帶氣候 sub-tropicalclimate高原氣候 plateauclimate海濱氣候 litto

23、ralclimate極地氣候 polarclimate熱帶氣候 tropicalclimate溫帶沙漠氣候temperatedesertclimate溫帶干燥氣候 temperate arid climate熱帶季風氣候tropicalmonsson climate大陸氣候con tinentalclimate沙漠氣候desertclimate沿海氣候coastalclimate高地氣候highla ndclimate海洋氣候mari neclimate森林氣候forestclimate溫帶氣候temperateclimate濕潤氣候humid climate溫帶草原氣候temperate g

24、rassyclimate熱帶雨林氣候 tropicalrainy climate2、氣象用語天氣預報 weatherforecast反常天氣 freakishweather寒冷 chilly涼 cool陰天 cloudyday晴 clear虹 rainbow霧 fog霜 frost露 dew雹 hail甘霖 welcome rain閃電 lightning雷 thun der氣壓 barometric pressure 低氣壓low-pressure 高氣壓 high-pressure 鋒面frontal edge氣團 air mass氣旋 cyclone疾風 gusty wind風眼 eye of a storm 順風 favorable wind 北風north wind 東北風 northeaster3、風的名稱恒風 constantwind微風 breeze逆風 headwind臺風 typhoon無風 calm輕風 lightb