1、精品文檔精品文檔,介詞的分類1 .簡單介詞，是指單個的介詞如： in, on, at, on, to, with 等2 .合成介詞，是指兩個簡單介詞合在一起構成的介詞如： into, onto, without, inside3 .短語介詞，是指一個或兩個簡單介詞與一個或幾個其他詞類的詞組合，在意義 和作用上相當于一個簡單介詞的短語如：instead of 代替because of 因為according to按照in front of 在.的前面二，表示時間的介詞1 . at表示具體的時間點如：at eight o'clock聯想：at構成的固定短語:at least 至少at no

2、on在中午at the moment在目前，現在at school在上學at first 首先at present 目前at the age o師歲時at the same timelU 時at the end of在。末如： In some western countries shops are closed weekends.2 . in用于年，月，季節，上午，下午，晚上等。in March 在三月in spring 在春天in 2008 在 2008 年in the morning/afternoon/evening注意：in表示在某一季節或某一月份時，一般不加冠詞，但季節和月份的意義

3、一旦具體化，就要加定冠詞the。如： The weather is a little in May.An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.In summer children are happy because they can swim.聯想：in構成的固定短語:hand in上交in surprise 吃驚地in public 當眾in no time立亥1J,馬上in front of 在.前面in good health身體健康的be interested inXt 感興趣in fact事實上in search of

4、尋找in the end最后，終于in a minute 立亥1J, 馬上in a word 一句話，總而言之do well in在.方面干的不錯in common共同的show great interest in對。感興趣in the last/past several yearsi 過去的幾年里3 .表示具體的某一天或某一天的早晨，晚上等，用 on。如： In the morning I often get up at six o 'clock but Sunday morning, I getup at seven.A traffic accident happenednear

5、our schoolthe night of May 2 nd,聯想：on構成的固定短語:on board乘坐（車，飛機）on earth 至 U底on foot步行on holiday 度假be on show 展覽on the other hand另一方面2014.on duty值班，值日on fire著火on hire雇傭on time按時on the right 在右邊a book on history一本關于歷史的書on one s way to在某人去 的路上4 .表示時間的 since, for, by, during, until（1）since （自從）后跟具體的過去時間，f

6、or后接一段時間。for和since短語所在 的句子應用現在完成時，謂語動詞要用延續性動詞。如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.We have lived in the city for about five years.by+時間點，意為“到為止”，如果by后面跟的是將來的時間點，用一般將 來時或將來完成時，如果by后面跟一個過去的時間點，用過去完成時。如： I will finish eating by nine o 'clock.By the end of last week,

7、we had finished learning Unit5.during+時間段，與延續性動詞連用，表示某期間的動作。如：She had trained hard during the four years to get ready for London Olympic Games.(4)until+時間點，意為“道為止”，句中的謂語動詞若是非延續性動詞，構成句型notuntil直至U才如： We stayed there until the sunset.We didn't go home until the sunset.(5)表示時間前后的before, afterbefore

8、在 之前，after在 之后如： We must hand in our homework before class.After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.注意：before作為介詞，還可以表示“面臨，面對”如： What should you do before so many difficulties?I had nothing to say before her.三.表示方位，地點，行為對象等的介詞1 .表示方位的介詞in, to, onin表示包含關系，意為“在。oo范圍內”，on表示相鄰關系，接壤；to表示相隔 關系。如： Chi

9、na is the east of Asia.Japan is the east of China.Russia is the north of China.2 .表示“上下”等方位的介詞 over, under, above, below, on (1)。丫3在。正上方，其反義詞為 under如：There is a football under the desk.I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.2 2) above表示“在。上方”，非垂直關系，其反義詞為below如：The plane is flying above the

10、clouds.on在。之上，指兩者表面接觸。其反義詞也為under3 .表示“前后”的介詞和短語介詞(1) in front of在。前面，指在范圍之外的前面，和before意義接近。如：There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.behind是in front of的反義詞，意為“在。后面”(3)in the front of表示在范圍之內的前面，其反義詞組是 at the back of4. by, beside在。旁邊；between在兩者之間，among在三者及以上之間(1) by和beside意義相近如： Do you

11、 know the man who is standing by the window?Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.(2) between指兩者之間，也表示三者或多者中的每兩者之間；among指三個或三 個以上的事物或人之間。注意：between表示兩者之間，只要構成雙方關系，就可以用 between如：There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move between them.教室里有這么多張課桌，幾乎沒有空間從它們中間穿過。5. a

12、cross, through穿過across從表面穿過，through穿越，穿透，透過，指從物體內部穿過。如：(1)When you go the road, you must be careful.(2)Which river runs Shanghai?(3) -I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in the window.-It s dangerous to do that.A. inB. throughC. overD. to6.表示里外的 in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside

13、(1) in在。之內如： My keys are in my pocket.注意：外來物“在樹上”，用in,樹上結出的東西“在樹上”，用on 如：There are some birds the tree.Autumn comes and some red apples the apple trees come into peopseeyes.inside在。里面，至U。里面。反義詞為 outside如：Listen! Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door.Don't stay outside.(3) into至ij。內。強

14、調空間或狀態的轉換。反義詞為out of如： Why not go into the house and have a look?He looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work. 注意：out of還有“脫離，失去”等意義。如：He has been out of work for long.Fish can't live long out of water.7 .表示“靠近” 的 near, next to, aroundnear在。附近next to在。旁邊 around在。周圍 如： Th

15、ere is a park near our neighborhood.I didn't remember to phone until near the end of the week.The mouse is next to my computer.That patient is next to death.The flowers and applaus嗒聲)are always around the winners. 注意：around還表示“大約”，同義詞：about 如：It was around/about twelve dclock in the evening.8 .表

16、示運動方向的for, to, towardsfor常接在leave, start等動詞之后，表示運動的方向或目的地。如： They'll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.to跟在go, come, return, move等動詞之后，表示目的地，它既表示運動方向， 又包含運動結果。如： When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday?towards朝，向。只說明運動的方向，沒有“到達”的意思如： The teacher is coming towar

17、ds the classroom now.9 .表示行為對象的to, at一般來說，at同某些動詞連用，表示攻擊目標，含有某種程度的惡意；to則只表示方向，并無惡意。如： I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog.He came me and said hello to me.A dog came her and she was frightene毆驚嚇的）。10 .最高級結構中表示范圍的of, in同類比較時，若主語和范圍一致，一般用 of, of后多為數詞或可數名詞復數；將 某人/某物置于集體或環境中進行比較時，用in, in后一

18、般是可數名詞的單數。 如：She is the most beautiful girl the three sisters.Tom is the tallest boy the class.四.表示“除。之外”的介詞1 .besides除。之外還如： Five others were late besides me.There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.2 .but, except除。之外。but常與否定詞連用如： No one but we knows about the news.He has few friends excep

19、t you in this school.He has few friends except you in this school.They all went to sleep except me.3 .except for表示從整體中排除，除。之外，前后不是一類事物。如： The care is really wonderful except for its price.The composition is quite good except for a few spelling mistakes.五.表示方式，手段或工具的介詞1. by, in, on表交通方式by bike=on a b

20、ike, by car=in a car如：Do you usually come to school by bike?2. by, in with表示手段或工具(1) by表示用某種方式或手段。名此前不加冠詞。如： This pair of shoes is made by hand.The old man had to make money by selling vegetables.(2) in表示使用某種語言，用墨水，顏色，顏料等。名此前不加冠詞。如： Can you say it in English?Please write it in ink, not in pencil.(3)

21、 with后跟具體的工具如： People here build houses with stones.I like to write with a ball pen.拓展：with常用來表示伴隨，意為“有，帶有”，其反義詞為without如：This is a house with a garden.Fish can't live without water.六.引出動詞不定式邏輯主語的介詞。1. 一般情況下用 for sb. to do sth如：It s necessary for us to learn English.It s difficult for children t

22、o read such a book.2.表示品質，性格，特征的形容詞后用of sb. to do sth.,這類句型中動詞不定式的邏輯主語和形容詞構成主系表結構。如：It s foolish of him to make such a decision.It s kind of you to give me so much help.七.其它介詞的用法1. as作為，as for至于如： students we should work hard.He works a teacher in this school.him, I know nothing.2. thanks to 同 becau

23、se of 意為 “因為，由于"如：Thanks to your help, I am good at my lessons.Because of the weather, we have to put off the sports meet.八.介詞的省略1. in的省略be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難(in) this/that way以這種/那種方法spend.(in) doing sth.花費。做某事have a good time (in) doing sth.

24、做某事很高興waste. (in) doing浪費。做某事There's no use/good (in) doing stM故某事有用 /沒有好處2. for的省略for+時間段里的for,在口語中可以省略，尤其是在肯定句中。但是在否定句中或 在旬首一般不可以省略。如：The rain lasted (for) a whole afternoon.He has been waiting (for) three hours.We haver! t seen each other for a long time.For a whole month, there is no rain.九.

25、常用介詞短語1 .常與with連用的短語do with處置，對付go on with 繼續。ooagree with 同意。be busy with 忙于keep/catch up with 跟上別with.用。裝滿。be familiar with.熟悉。be popular with受。歡迎be angry with sb生某人的氣coverwith.用。 覆蓋。helpwith在。方面幫助。get on well with 與。相處的好 be strict with sb.對某人要求嚴格 be pleased with sb.t某人感到滿意2 .常與at連用的短語look at 看knock at 敲at last最后at once 立亥Ulaugh at嘲笑。shoot at朝。射擊work at致力于。be good at擅長。be weak at不擅長。arrive at到達某地（小地方） be amazed a對。感至U吃，原3 .常與on連用的短語get on上車