1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒適New words and expression 生詞和短語s 生詞短語positively adv. 絕對地，完全地（used to emphasize that sth is true. 絕對地，完全地，簡直是）in positive way. can you really do it positively? 相當于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.positively nonsense 純屬無稽之談think positively 對十分有把握(to

2、think that you are going to be successful)eg. He thinks positively about the partment n. 分隔間或單間（輪船的）密封艙 kmp:tmnt1、（鐵路客車車廂分隔成的）隔間 2、（家具或設備等的）分隔間，隔層(多層的收納箱)compart vt.分隔cramped adj.窄小的 adj. limited in space 狹小的cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writingcramp kræmp n.抽筋，痙攣 cl

3、amp n夾具的總稱 v 夾住 vice plier（vt. 束縛，限制；使抽筋；以鐵箍扣緊 n鉗子; 夾子 (Also called cramp iron) also N in pl）have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了 /be seized with cramp被什么束縛，限制roomy adj.空間大的，寬敞的a roomy house a roomy carspacious 'spes adj.寬敞的 （is large in size or area）a spacious roomcapacious k'pes adj. able to contain a

4、 lot 容量大的 （has a lot of space to put things in. 容量大的 正式 usu ADJ n常做定語）a capacious bag commodious k'mds adj.寬敞的（文）a commodious houseexpansive k'spænsv adj.（土地）遼闊，廣闊的 擴張的，健談的，豪爽的an expansive village 面積很大的一個村子stuffy 'stf adj. 憋氣的，悶氣的 （悶，不透氣的，悶熱的） 同義詞: airlesseg. The room is getting stu

5、ffy.stifling 'stafl adj.悶熱的，令人窒息的(hot and difficult to breathe in熱的難受的，令人感到壓抑的)a stifling crowed carriage 擁擠和悶熱的火車車廂the stifling atmosphere of the court 法庭上令人拘謹的氣氛suffocating 'sfket adj.令人窒息的 suffocate vt&vi 使窒息 n 窒息choke tk vt. 嗆；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；撲滅 vi. 窒息；阻塞；說不出話來n. 窒息；噎； bad ventilation ,ven

6、t'le()n 不好的通風monotonous m'nt()ns adj. 枯燥的，乏味的 （adj.乏味，單調的，千篇一律boring because there is no variety）lead a monotonous lifemono-one, single 單一 'mnmonoplane n.單翼飛機 monopolist n.專利者，壟斷者 monopoly n.專賣，專利權have/hold a monopoly on stheg. The government holds a monopoly on the postal services. I do

7、n't like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.同義詞：tedious 乏味的，重點突出long and uninteresting.（boring and frustrating.）dull = interesting I can't get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.Look at that dull person.tiresome = tiring 由于疲勞而

8、厭倦He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.Long lasting meeting are tiring.You are a little bit tiresome.I am tired of doing so. -> be tired ofI am bored with doing so. -> be bored with rhythm 'rð()m n. 有節奏的運動 （n. 節奏；韻律；(身體、季節等的) 規律性變化）the rhythm of h

9、eartbeat心律 the rhythm of dancing 舞蹈的節奏 the rhythm of swimming游泳的節奏rhythmic 'rðmk adj.有節奏的，有韻律的rhythmic gymnastics 韻律操rhyme n. （詩歌中的）韻律；韻腳；n 押韻短詩；用韻; 押韻；押韻詞（技巧或者用詞等具體的東西）vt. 使押韻；用韻詩表達；把寫作詩vi. 押韻；作押韻詩If one word rhymes with another or if two words rhymenursery rhymes 童謠 click klk v. 發出咔噠聲 vt.

10、 點擊；使發咔噠聲 vi. 作咔噠聲 n. 單擊；滴答聲, 咔噠聲lull ll v. 催人欲睡The mother lulled her baby to sleep. -> lull sb to sleep.eg. The monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.lullaby 'llba n.搖籃曲 催眠曲hypnotize 'hpntaz v.催眠, 給施催眠術hypnosis hp'nss 催眠；催眠狀態hypnotic hp'ntk

11、 安眠藥；催眠狀態的人 adj. 催眠的，催眠術的；易于催眠的 snatch n. 短時，片段1) to grab 明搶 eg. The thief snatched me and ran off.2) 抓緊時間，乘機 eg. I managed to snatch an hour's sleep on the train.3) snatch n. 短時，片段（不限于指時間） in snatches 斷斷續續地 in torrents急流般地 1、介詞in 2、復數形式sleep in snatches斷斷續續的睡了一會兒a snatch of conversation 一段談話 a

12、snatch of music一段音樂 a snatch of song一段歌曲snatches of rain 斷斷續續的雨in fits and starts斷斷續續 /by fits and starts fit 合適；放置、安裝；使勝任，適合；放的下； cry in fits and starts （癲癇等的）突發；一陣；（強烈感情）發作fits of laughter陣陣笑聲 a fit of coughing一陣咳嗽off and on/on and off斷斷續續eg. The match works off and onhave 4 years of schooling on

13、and off 斷斷續續的受了四年教育spell spel n.連續不斷的時間，一陣子v&n拼寫; 拼讀 n. 咒語；施的魔法；一段時間；魅力，魔力；休息期； a cold spell一連幾天的冷空氣 a foggy spell一連數天的大霧 in waves一陣一陣地have pain in waves一陣一陣地疼eg. The pain comes in waves. sleeper n. 臥鋪 （睡覺者）seat 坐票 sleeper or seatsoft sleeper, hard sleeper, soft seat, hard seat fumble 'fmb()

14、l v.亂摸，摸索 把手伸進書包找鑰匙，也不去看，就摸來摸去（用雙手笨手笨腳地）亂摸to move with hands awkwardlyFumble for 摸索著尋找什么東西fumble for keys fumble for tickets in the pocketfumble with笨手笨腳地做fumble with chopsticks fumble with fork and knifefumble one's way in the darkness 在黑暗中摸索前行He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在口袋里摸索著鑰匙。 i

15、nspection n.檢查 eg:衛生檢查carry out an inspection 用介詞of表示對象carry out an inspection of school carry out an inspection of prisoninspect vt. 檢查；視察；檢閱 vi. 進行檢查；進行視察檢查時 you look at every part of it carefully in order to find out about it or check that it is all right視察、檢閱時：When an official inspects a place o

16、r a group of people, they visit it and check it carefullyexamine 最普通用詞，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔細觀察或調查以確定事物的性質、功能、特點等。scan 原義是仔細地檢查分析，現用于指細看或瀏覽。inspect 側重按一定質量標準檢查某物，找出不足或不同之處。investigate 指為發現事實真相或了解掌握情況而進行深入細致的現場考察。inspect passengers' tickets inspect the troopsscrutinize 'skru:tnaz v.詳細地查看（仔細察看）eg. The

17、antique dealer scrutinized the painting closely.survey v.調察survey n. 名詞讀作sve。動詞讀作sveyou try to find out detailed information about a lot of different people or things, usually by asking people a series of questions. 調查do a survey 高一調查/carry out a survey /conduct a surveya survey of modern English li

18、teraturepoll pl n. 投票；民意測驗；投票數；投票所vt. 投票；剪短；對進行民意測驗；獲得選票vi. 投票inquiry 普通常用詞，指正式調查，也指一般的打聽或查詢。survey 多指為寫書面報告而進行的民意測驗或調查。investigation 一般指有系統的調查以得到希望發現或需要知道的事。research 指科學工作者等為揭示自然規律或獲取某個領域的新知識而進行長時間的調查研究。inevitably adv. 必然地Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and

19、eminent you are.Inevitable adj. 必然的，不可避免的inevitability n,evt'blt n 必然性invariable adj.總是，常常eg. His invariable answer is "wait and see".destination n.目的地 exhaust v.使精疲力盡 （注意其賓語，既可以是人的，可以是事物的）I am exhausted. 我筋疲力盡了 exhaust oneself弄得精疲力竭exhaust one's energies費盡氣力 exhaust one's stre

20、ngth費盡力氣 exhaust funds耗盡資金 exhaust patience失去耐心同義詞be tired out: very tried after a lot of hard work, traveling etc.I am tired out.wear out 使疲勞，使磨損 be worn out: by working very hard and then be tired out Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿壞了After a day's work hard, I am worn out. eg. I felt wor

21、n out after a sleepless night.knock sb out 把某人打昏，使疲勞That's a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.The arduous work knocked me out. 這項艱難的工作使我筋疲力盡。fatigue f'tig 使筋疲力盡，使疲勞（書面） (金屬、木材的) 疲勞（概念上）The piece of work fatigues me. work to the bone 累得筋疲力盡eg. The workaholic worked to the bone.

22、spent adj. extremely tired 極度疲勞的a spent runner a spent horsekeep fresh 精神飽滿full of beans 精力充沛的motorway n.快車道 （高速公路，新詞，特指為車輛快速通行而修的專線，美語為freeway或expressway）highway 通常指市區外可以通行各種機動車輛的交通干線。route 指從此處通往彼處的路線、路程等。avenue 在美國，指城市中一側或兩側建筑物林立的大道或馬路；而在英國則常指通住鄉村大住宅、私人大莊園或兩旁栽樹的道路。trail 指人或獸在森林、荒野或山中踩出的小徑或崎嶇小道。st

23、reet 尤指城市中的道路，往往一側或兩側有高大建筑物；還可指城市小鎮、近郊可供人、車、馬行走的平坦道路。path 多指由人或動物在田間、小丘或樹叢中經常走動而踩出的小路，也指公園或花園等供人走的小徑。motorway 高速公路，新詞，特指為車輛快速通行而修的專線，美語為freeway或expressway。way 普通用詞，含義廣泛，可指各種路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。road 指連接兩地間供行人或車輛使用的廣闊平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意義。pavement 在英國，多指街道兩旁的人行道，而美國人常用sidewlk表示人行道。lane len 指農村或城鎮的小道或小徑，車道（劃

24、線，行車，超車）；航線；也指小巷、胡同 ferry n. 渡船liner 班船，游輪；內襯Vessel vesl n.輪船, 大木船（非常正式的表達方式, 用于文學體中, 可以代替ship、boat）2、（人或動物的）血管，脈管；（植物的）導管 Ship n.大船；艦艇 Boat n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的場合可以替換） Lifeboat raft dinghy canoe warship submarine aircraft carrier destroyer驅逐艦 Battleship戰列艦 cruiser巡洋艦 kru:z r frigate frt (小型)護衛艦cru

25、ise kru:z乘船游覽;以平穩的速度行駛; 巡行 滿載排水量72,808噸 大艦巨炮時代 cruise kru:z n.巡游船cruise乘船游覽;以平穩的速度行駛; 巡行 civilize v.使文明（使開化；西方的殖民思想）adj. civil 公民的；民用的；文職的；有禮貌的；根據民法的civilized 文明的；有禮貌的n. civilization 文明；文化civilisation （英）文明（等于civilization）vi. civilise 變成文明社會（等于civilize）vt. civilise 教化；文明化；使開化citizen n. 公民；市民；老百姓civi

26、lian n. 平民，百姓citizen 指擁有某國國籍或有某地區合法身份的人，即公民。native 指土生土長的本地居民。civilian 指相對于軍人或官員的平民百姓。resident 多指長期居住或暫時居住的民民，有時也指旅居者。 Reside r'zad vi. 住，居住；屬于inhabitant 最普通用詞，一般指常住居民。 Inhabit vt. 棲息；居住于；占據 spacious 'spes adj. 寬敞的Is your classroom spacious?Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.I woul

27、d like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.同義詞：rommya roomy housecapacious 容量大的 capacity 容量commodious k'mds寬敞的，便利的 roomy and conventientThe cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and convenient.expansive 易膨脹的，廣闊的I'd like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜歡欣賞浩

28、瀚的海洋vast 幅員遼闊的The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problemextensive 廣泛的，廣闊的 extensive reading 泛讀 intensive reading 精讀You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.widespread 流傳廣的，分布廣的The kind of news is widespread.far-reaching 觸及很遠的，流傳久遠的I have a good idea and it is far-reaching

29、.seasick adj.暈船的airsick 暈飛機的/ carsick 暈車的 bussick 暈公交車的 bicyclesick 暈自行車的 homesick 想家的。 dont negotiate with terrorists wont leave you hehindintimidate v.恐嚇，恫嚇 Nothing can intimidate me. 美國官員對恐怖分子的態度intimidate v. 恫嚇，威脅做某事（you deliberately make them frightened enough to do what you want them to do）（突出

30、使害怕）timid 'tmd adj. 膽小，害羞的 intimidate sb into doing stheg. The witness was intimidated into giving false testimony.threaten v.威脅 （對不服者給予懲罰）不服從我的話，我就要采取行動threaten to do sth threaten sb with sth eg. Every time the young couple have words, the wife will threaten to divorce him.menace 'mens （n.威

31、脅；恐嚇vi. 恐嚇；進行威脅vt. 威脅；恐嚇）(系正式用詞,用某種意志給以威脅)menace sb with sth/menace sb to do sth eg. Two gangsters menaced us with weapons. eg. Heavy smoking menaces a persons health. 威脅到（you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thing serious harm. 威脅）disadvantage n.短處，缺點Key/answer/shred/advantag

32、e/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用Exhilarating 'zlret adj. 使人高興的to make lively and cheerful; gladden; elate 非常高級的八級單詞Exhilarate 'zlret vt. 使高興，使振奮；使愉快I'm exhilarated by your visit. 對于你的來訪我是高興極了。同義詞：stimulate 刺激，激勵 stimulate sb to do sth.Your courage stimulated me to do so.inspire

33、激勵（通過言辭） inspire sb to dostir st 鼓舞，鼓動 Who stired you to do it like this? v. 攪拌；微動；（使）活動；激發，打動spur sp 刺激 His rude remarks spured me. n. 馬刺；鞭策encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so.Active adj. 積極的；活躍的；主動的；有效的；現役的 n. 主動語態；積極分子Activate vt. usu passive 刺激；使活動；使活潑；使產

34、生放射性 vi. 激活；有活力Initiate vt. 啟動，開始，創始；發起；使初步了解（傳授） n. 開始；新加入者，接受初步知識者Motive n. 動機，目的；主題 adj. 發動的；成為動機的 vt. 使產生動機，激起Motivate v. 刺激，使有動機，激勵/激發的積極性；成為的動機；（激起某種行為） Escapist n.逍遙者 （n. 逃避現實者adj. 逃避現實的）escapism n.逃避現實主義者something that helps you to forget about your normal life and think of more pleasant thi

35、ngshedonist 'hidnst n.享樂主義者 adj. 享樂主義者的 或者中性一點的“快樂主義者”sip v.呷，v.小口小口地喝，吸吮 drink a little at a time. n. 吸吮 -> take a sip of 喝一點sip at martini 介詞是atI'm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?I'm so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.You can take a sip

36、 of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.Gulp glp v./n. 很快很快地喝東西 1 v&n 大口吞下 2 v&n大口地吸eg. The thirsty cat gulped down a bottle of milk.take a gulp迅速喝了一口swallow at one gulp/swallow in one gulp 一口吞下slurp slp v./n. vt. 出聲地吃或喝vi. 出聲地吃或喝n. 吃的聲音； 郭德綱模仿于謙吃飯聲音to make a noisy sucking sound while

37、drinking some kind of liquideg. Don't slurp your soup! drink coffee with a slurpdevour 1/狼吞虎咽地吃 2/如饑似渴地讀champagne æm'pen n.香檳酒 法語一種富含二氧化碳的起泡白葡萄酒。原產于法國香檳省，故名refinement n.精心的安排 n.精制，高雅，精心設計，安排refine r'fan v.美化，優化，精煉 （vt. 精煉，提純；使改善，完善；使文雅）再次，多次使其fineMake or become pure; cause to become

38、 more cultured, polished in manners; get rid of what is coarse or vulgar; improve by giving great attention to details 賓語可以是各種事物或概念refine language精煉語言 refine manners使儀態優雅 refine writing style完善寫作風格refine oil提煉石油 refine sugar精煉糖 a woman of great refinement 一個舉止文雅的女人注意這一句 Coffee always refined us. Cof

39、fee always made us fresh.breathtaking adj. 激動人心的The picture takes my breath. 這幅畫太美了。The girl takes my breath. The beautiful dress takes my breath.decide to go for a trip 決定旅行We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.Heartbreakingsoar s v.高飛 v. to fly 高飛，翱翔eg. The plane soared high above the clouds. W

40、e can't soar in the blue sky.eg. The prices soar highly 物價飛漲soaringadj. 高飛的，翱翔的a soaring eagle展翅高飛的雄鷹 a soaring prices飛漲的物價 a soaring ambition壯志凌云a soaring skyscraper高聳的建筑物sore s adj. 疼痛的，痛心的，劇烈的 n. 潰瘍，痛處；恨事，傷心事a sore throat sour sa adj. 酸的 adj. 酸的；發酵的；刺耳的；酸臭的；討厭的vi. 發酵；變酸；厭煩vt. 使變酸；使失望n. 酸味；苦事g

41、o sour變酸 effortlessly adv. 不費力地landscape n.景色 = extraordinary sight 風景；風景畫；景色；山水畫；鄉村風景畫；地形；vt. 對做景觀美化，給做園林美化；從事庭園設計 西紅柿首富，里面的常遠vi. 美化（環境等），使景色宜人；從事景觀美化工作，做庭園設計師同義詞：scenery 自然風光 secne 場面 view 透過窗戶看到的景色Our classroom doesn't have a good view.The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.sight 側重指旅游

42、觀光的風光，包括城市景色或自然風光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。scene 指具體的、局部的或一時的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。scenery 指一個國家或某一地區的整體自然風景。view 普通和詞，多指從遠處或高處所見的景色。landscape 多指在內陸的自然風光。fresh adj. 精神飽滿的新鮮的 新加的 ADJ n “一輪新的調查”、新近的、新穎的、清新的 2、精力充沛的 3、剛從來的; 剛經歷過的 v-link ADJ 'from/out of' n If you are fresh from a particular place or experi

43、ence, you have just come from that place or you have just had that experience. You can also say that someone is fresh out of a place a fresh man Look at that guy, he is really fresh.Uncrumpled adj. 沒有跨下來 He went home fresh and uncrumpled.Crumple 'krmp()l vt. 弄皺；使一蹶不振vi. 起皺；倒坍；一蹶不振 n. 皺紋；褶皺 crump

44、led adj 褶皺的Wrinkle 'rkl n. 皺紋vi. 起皺vt. 使起皺紋Uncrumple n'krmpl v. 去掉的皺紋，弄平Notes on the Text 課文注釋People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.by land/by sea/by air現在分詞短語修飾people People who travel long distance frequently.frequen

45、tly 定期地，經常地 quite oftenhave to decide = have to make up their mind.would rather; would sooner 要和動詞原形搭配had better do 最好做. would perfer to do. would rather do.Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.hardly + anyone 等不定式時不倒裝，在這相當于nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtuall

46、y nobody.Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey.take your mind off 擺脫的困擾 1、stop thinking of something 2、off的意思，遠離 比較火公式英語eg. Hard work is the best way to take your mind off your problems.eg. Hard work is the best way to keep you occu

47、pied.take years off you 使看上去年輕一些take make-up off 卸妝set/put sb's mind at rest 使某人安心，讓人放心eg. As soon as I take off the plane, I call my mother to put her mind at rest.turn your mind to 轉移注意力eg. I begin to take my mind off the journey and turn it to the fancy-dress party. Reading is only a partial

48、solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.partial adj. not complete 部分的，局部的a partial success 只成功了一部 make a partial recovery 有所好轉of the wheels clicking on 整體是介詞of的賓語結構，動名詞短語，其中出現了邏輯主語wheelsDuring the day, sleep comes in snatches.Come in以什么樣的樣子、形式呈

49、現、出現、表現 分開看，come出現、來、呈現 in以什么樣的形式sleep comes in snatches =sleep in snatcheseg. Between night and day, sleep can not e what may: whatever happenseg. Come what way, I'll be with you.eg. As it comes, I'm not fussy. 大驚小怪的，愛挑剔的At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely mana

50、ge to do so.關于副詞so的用法If so.To do so.If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.Enough toA sleeper 一張臥鋪票，一個臥鋪鋪位，引申出以臥鋪的形式出行Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.

51、arrive exhausted 形容詞做伴隨狀語arrive fresh and uncrumpled 精神煥發，毫無倦意wash clean lick clean die young drink hotThe writer emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train.Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.Travelling by car is more unpleasant than travelling in t

52、he train.注意這里even的靈活使用On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.fairly的語氣最弱的more often than not/as often as not/ as soon as not 多半，常常more often than no

53、t 主要用在書面語言當中，means very often ,usually, frequentlyeg. More often than not, I lose the key to my bicycle!By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. by comparison 相比較而言，通過對比 comforts 在這兒指代 serviceoffer = provideYou can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, pl

54、ay games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food-always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.Rudder rd(r) n.舵（飛機或者船的）Full right/left rudder 右滿舵，左滿舵Screw 螺旋槳 anchor æk(r)錨 ankle 腳踝，踝 deck 甲板 compartment密封艙Screw n.螺絲釘;螺絲;(對螺絲的)旋擰; 詐騙（錢財等） v.用螺絲固定(或擰牢);旋緊;擰緊;擰上去Always assuming是一個插入

55、語，對前面的內容進行條件上的補充說明。當然，得在什么情況下。Assume主觀的，沒有根據的推測， presume客觀的，根據已由狀況或者經驗的推測。If it is not, and you are likely to get sea-sick, no form of transport could be worse.be likely to do 有可能. it is probable thatno could be worse (the worst)/couldn't be worse 糟的不能再糟了no could be better (the best)/couldn't be better好的不能再好了could not be + 形容詞比較級 can not be + 形容詞比較級 no . could beNobody can be more beautiful than you.No place can/could be better. 沒有什么地方比這兒更好eg. Your suggestion couldn't be better. eg. The weather