1、1 The Twelve Regular Channels十二經脈:The nomenclature of the twelve regular channels is based on three factors, which are hand or foot, yin or yang, and zang or fu organ. the distribution characteristics of twelve divergent channels十二經別分布特點:separating、entering、resurfacing、joining.2 Acupoints or points腧

2、穴:are the specific sites where the qi of zang-fu organs and channels is transported to the body surface.3 Classification of Points腧穴的分類:channel points經穴(the points distributed along the course of the fourteen channels are called “points of the fourteen channels,”or “channel points”for short、extra po

3、ints奇穴(extra points outside the channels、Ashi-points阿是穴(an ashi-point refers to the site which is neither a point of the fourteen channels nor an extra point, but alsoly the tender spot instead.4 Rules for the Effects of Points腧穴的作用:local therapeutic effects近治作用remote therapeutic effect 遠治作用special

4、therapeutic effects特殊作用5 Rules for the Point indications腧穴的主治規律:Rules of indication in channels分經主治規律Rules of indication According to the Physical Region分部主治規律6 Specific Points特定穴(refers to those points of the fourteen channels that have special therapeutic effects and are specifically named under c

5、ertain categories:five transport points五輸穴(refer to five groups of points distributed distally to the elbow or knee joints, namely jing-well, ying-spring, shu-stream, jing-river and he-sea、yuan-source points原穴(the twelve yuan-source points、luo-connecting points絡穴(are the sites where the fifteen coll

6、aterals branch out from the channels、xi-cleft points郄穴、back-shu points 背俞穴(are the corresponding points on the back where the qi of the respective zang-fu organs is infused、front-mu points募穴、lower he-sea points下合穴(refer to the six points where the qi of the six fu-organs pours downward the three yan

7、g channels of the foot:zusanli、shangjuxu、xiajuxu、weiyang、weizhong、yanglingquan、eight influential points八會穴(refer to the eight points which are the gathering places for the zang-organs, fu-organs, qi, blood, tendon, vessel, bone and marrow respectively:zhangmen zhongwan danzhong geshu yanglingquan Ta

8、iyuan dazhu juegu(xuanzhong、eight confluent points八脈交會穴(refer to the eight points on the four limbs where the twelve regular channels communicate with the eight extra channels:gongsun、neiguan、houxi、shenmai、zulinqi、waiguan、lieque、zhaohai、crossing points交會穴(era those points at which two or more channe

9、ls intersect7 Methods for locating points腧穴定位法: Measurement with anatomic landmarks體表標志定位法Bone-length proportional measurement 骨度分寸定位法Finger measurement手指同射定位法Simplified measurement簡便定位法8 Acupuncture刺法:or needling, is a type of therapy that stimulates certain locations or points of the body, by mani

10、pulating needles or other similar instruments.9 Moxibustion灸法:is a therapy that utilizes cauterization or heating with ignited flammable material applied to certain areas on the body.(Actions of Moxibustion灸法的作用:warming channels and dispersing coldness; supporting yang to rescue collapse; removing b

11、lood stasis and stagnation; disease prevention and health maintenance. 10 needle tip尖body(shaft身root根handle柄tail 尾11 posture selection of the patient體位選擇:supine posture仰臥位lateral recumbent posture側臥位prone posture俯臥位sitting in supine posture仰靠坐位sitting in flexion俯伏坐位sitting in lateral posture側伏坐位12 m

12、ethods of needle insertion進針法:inserting the needle with one hand單手;both hands雙手進針法(inserting the needle with the aid of the finger of the pressing hand指切gripping and inserting the needle夾持inserting the needle by pinching the skin提捻inserting the needle by stretching the skin舒張;inserting the needle wi

13、thin a guide tube針管13 Direction of insertion針刺的方向:according to the direction of the channel依循行定方向according to the points依腧穴according to the condition of the disease依病情14 angle of insertion針刺角度:perpendicular insertion直刺oblique 斜刺horizontal 橫刺15 basic manipulations基本手法:lifting and thrusting提插法twirling

14、 and rotating捻轉法16 assistant manipulations輔助手法:channel pushing method 循法needle-scraping method刮法needle-flicking method彈法needle-shaking method搖法wing-spreading method飛法needle-vibrating method震顫法17 Arrival of qi得氣:the arrival of qi, or deqi in Chinese, refers to a special sensation produced in the area

15、 after acupuncture and certain manipulations, it is also named as the needling sensation.(針感:the operator will feel tightness around the needle; the patient will feel soreness酸,numbness麻,distension脹,heaviness重. 18 Retaining the needle留針:means to hold the needle in place after it is inserted up to a

16、given depth in the point and manipulated. 19 Acupuncture syncope暈針:refers to the patient fainting during the course of acupuncture treatment.(Management處理:stop the needling immediately, and withdraw all the needles out of the body. Have the patient lie on his or her back and keep the patients body w

17、arm. In minor cases, ask the patient to have a rest, and give him or her some warm water or sugar water to drink. The symptoms will be removed shortly. For severe cases, patient rescue can be obtained by pinching or puncturing certain points such as renzhong, suliao, neiguan, and zusanli, or adminis

18、tering moxibustion on the baihui, qihai, and guanyuan. Other first aid methods should be administered as deemed necessary. 20 Hematoma血腫:refers to the swelling and pain caused by subcutaneous bleeding after needling.(deal with處理:No management is necessary for a small hematoma which will disappear by

19、 itself within a few days. if the hematoma is moderately severe with obvious swelling and pain that inhibits normal activities, it needs to be managed by applying cold compresses early on to stop the bleeding, and applying hot compresses or mildly massaging the area to dissipate the stagnated blood.

20、 21 cupping methods拔罐方法:retaining cupping 留;sliding 走;flashing 閃;blood-letting and 刺血;needle-retaining 留針拔罐法.(effects for cupping拔罐作用:free channels and dredge collaterals; promote qi and activate blood; relieve swelling and pain; dispel wind and scatter cold. 22 effects of acupuncture and Moxibustio

21、n 針灸治療作用:regulating yin and yang; dredging the channels and collaterals; reinforcing the healthy qi and dispelling the evil qi. 23 therapeutic principles of acupuncture and Moxibustion針灸治療原則:reinforcing deficiency and reducing excess; clearing heat and warming cold; determining the foundation and br

22、anch in acute or moderate conditions; treatment of diseases according to time place and person. 24 principles of point selection選穴原則: selection of local points近部取穴(refers to choosing points on or adjacent to the diseased areas. This principle embodies the local effects of points; selection of distan

23、t points遠部取穴(refers to choosing points that are far away from the diseased area. This principle represents the idea of “points of a channel are indicated for diseases located on the pathway of the channel”; selection of special points based on the pattern of a disease隨證取穴. 25 methods of point combin

24、ation配穴方法:combining points of the affected channel; combining points from exteriorly-interiorly related channels; combining points from the upper and lower parts of the body; combining points from the front and back of the body; combining points from the left and right side of the body. 26 qi pathwa

25、ys(qi thoroughfare氣街:is the direct pathway where the channel-qi spreads in the trunk, head, and face transversely and obliquely. 27 four seas theory四海:the sea of marrow, blood, qi, grain and water. 28 indications of auricular acupuncture耳穴的適應證:painful disorders; inflammatory and infectious diseases;

26、 functional disorders and allergic diseases; endocrinal and metabolic disorders; conditions. 29 principles for selecting auricular points耳穴的選穴原則:choosing the corresponding point to the location of the diseased or affected part of the body; choose points based on the visceral manifestation theory; ch

27、oose points based on the channel pattern identification; choosing points is based on clinical experience; choose points as instructed by biomedical principles. 30 Channels and collaterals經絡:are pathways that transport qi and blood, and connect the internal zang-fu organs with the surface and other p

28、arts of the body.(channel effects經絡作用:linking zang and fu organs and communicating the internal with the External; circulating qi and blood and coordinating yin and yang; resisting evil qi and manifesting symptoms and signs of diseases; transmitting sensation and regulating the deficiency and excess

29、. 31 facial paralysis 面癱clinical manifestations 臨床表現:Unilateral facial weakness, numbness and paralysis, disappearance of wrinkles, enlarged rima oculi, exposure of the sclera, lacrimation, flattened nasolabial groove, and drooping mouth-angle with deviation to the healthy side. The affected side is

30、 unable to frown, to raise the eyebrow, to close the eyes, to show the teeth, and to expand the cheeks. For some patients in the beginning of the episode, there may be pain behind the ear, hyperacousia and a taste deficiency in the front 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side. 32 The course of the L

31、arge Intestine Channel of Hand-Yangming 手陽明大腸經的循行:The Large Intestine Channel the of Hand-Yangming starts from tip of the index fingerthe radial side of the index fingerthe first and second metacarpal bonesthe two tendonsthe lateral anterioraspect of the forearmthe lateral side of the elbowthe later

32、al anterior aspect of the upper armthe highest point of the shoulder jointthe anterior border of the acromionthe Governor Vessel the supraclavicular fossathe lung channelthe diaphragm furtherthe large intestine.Its branch splits from the supraclavicular fossathe neekthe cheekthe gums of the lower te

33、eththe corner og the mouththe philtrum with the opposite side of the same channelthe channel on the right hand proceeds to the left while the leftto rightthe lateral side of the nose. 33 The course of Stomach Channel of Foot-Yangming 足陽明胃經的循行:the lateral side of the nosethe root of the nosethe lateral side of the nosethe upper gumthe mentolabial groove the posterior aspect of the mandiblethe anterior hairlinethe forehead. ch