1、.高二情態動詞專題本部分主要講幾種情態動詞的常見用法，特別是各種情態動詞+完成時態的不同意義及注意點，讓學生通過例句來總結知識點，合適自主學習性比較強的學員1.情態動詞定義：情態動詞又稱情態助動詞，無人稱和數的變化，只能與行為動詞或狀態動詞簡稱實義動詞構成謂語；既有情態動詞特殊，又有實義動詞特征的稱為半情態動詞。2.情態動詞的分類及特點情態動詞的分類1 只做情態動詞：must, cancould, maymight 2 可做情態動詞又可做實義動詞：need, dare 3 具有情態動詞特征：havehad, has to, used to, ought to 4 情態動詞表猜測：一肯一否三不定

2、must一肯，must not一否，can, could, would三不定。情態動詞的特點情態動詞無人稱和數的變化，情態動詞后面跟的動詞原形，否認式構成是在情態動詞后面加 "not"。個別情態動詞有如今式和過去式兩種形式，過去式用來表達更加客氣，委婉的語氣，時態性不強，可用于過去，如今或將來。情態動詞屬非及物動詞，故沒有被動語態。 We can't carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動那箱子。 I'm sorry I can't help you. 對不起，我幫不上你。 注意：助動詞如do, did等與情態助動詞最主要的區別之一是：

3、助動詞本身沒有詞義表示人稱和時態，而情態助動詞那么有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對有關動作或狀態的看法，或表示主觀設想： What have you been doing since your last job? 構成完成進展體，本身無詞義 I am afraid I must be going. 一定要 You may have read some account of the matter. 或許已經NO.1 can&could1. 用法1） 表示才能，指有才能做某事，意為“可以1 -“I dont think Mike can type. -“Yes, he can.2 I can

4、speak fluent English now, but I couldnt last year.2） 表示懇求和允許。表示懇求，口語中常用could代替can，使語氣更委婉；意為“可否、可以。1 Can we turn the air conditioner on?2 Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?3） 在肯定句中，表示理論性的可能性；譯為“有時候會。要表達詳細某事實際發生的可能性時，不用can，需用could, may, might。1 Im confident that a solution can

5、 be found.2 It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.實際可能性4） 用在否認、疑問或感慨句中，意為“可能。1 It cant be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2 Can the man over there be our head master?5） 表示推測，用在否認句、疑問句和感慨句中，表示驚異、疑心、不相信等態度，意為“可能，可以(1) Can this be an excuse for not giving the

6、m help?(2) This cant be true.注意：1 could用來表示懇求時，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應用can即：could不能用于如今時態的簡單答語中。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can. 否認答復可用：No, Im afraid not.Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't       B. shouldn't 

7、;     C. can't      D. may notKey: C2 can和be able to辨析cancould和be able to都可以表示才能，意思上沒有區別。但can只有如今式和過去式，而be able to那么有更多的形式。如：Ive always wanted to be able to speak fluent English.Those bags look really heavy. Are you sure youll be able to carry them on

8、 your own?但是，表示在過去某時的某一場合經過一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to來表示。這時，was/were able to相當于managed to do或succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. 另外，表示“有才能抑制困難做成某事，還可用ma

9、nage to do或succeed in doing。如： Do you think shell manage to get a visa? The army succeeded in defeating their enemy.1 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _ get out.  A. had to  B. would   C. could    D. was able to 2 -Will you stay for lunc

10、h?    -Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't    B. I can't  C. I needn't  D. I won't Keys: 1 D 2BNO.2 may&might1. 用法1） 表示允許、答應。否認答復一般用must not/mustnt,表示“制止、阻止之意，但也可以用had better not 最好別或may not不可以，語氣較為委婉。1May I come in and w

11、ait?2May I smoke here?No, you mustnt. 或No, youd better not.2） 在表示懇求、允許時，might比may語氣更委婉些。用May I征詢對方答應在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在日常用語中，用Can I征詢對方意見更為常見。1Might I borrow your pen?2I wonder if I might speak to your son.3） 表示可能性的推測，通常用在肯定句和否認句中，含有“或許“大概“可能之意；用might代替may時，那么語氣顯得更加不肯定。1It may rain this afternoon.2S

12、he might come to join us this afternoon.4） may用于祈使句表示祝愿、但愿1May you succeed.2Long may he live! 愿他能持續住下去。3May she rest in peace.愿她安息。5） 用于表讓步的狀語從句中1Try as he might, he could not get out the difficult.2Come what may, I will never desert you.6） might常用于表示委婉的懇求或細微的責備。1You might post this letter for me if

13、 you are going near a post box.2You might have let me know before!NO.2 must&have to1. must用法1） 用于第一人稱表示說話人有義務，有必要做某事；用于第二、三人稱表示命令或要求某人做某事。1You must come to school on time.2Everybody must obey the law.2） 答復帶有must的問句時，否認答復常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必，而不用mustnt1Must I come back before ten?Yes, you m

14、ust.No, you neednt3） 表推斷、預期或人以防止，意為“肯定是、必然會。1 It must be my mother.2You must be hungry after a walk.4） 表示“偏要、硬要：用于第二人稱，意指不耐煩或令人不愉快的事；用于其它人稱，表示主語固執或不巧，意為“偏偏1If you must smoke, you can go to the smoking section.2Why must you buy that car?5） must的否認有如下3種形式，用于不同場合：1表示“合理的推斷和可能性時，否認意為“不可能；2 表示“義務和必要時，否認意

15、為“不必；3 表示“制止和批評時，否認意為“決不能。1It must be eleven oclock now. It cannot be eleven oclock now.2You mustnt park your car here.6） 可作名詞，表示“必須有的東西做的事1Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.2Dont miss his latest play; its a must.2.have to用法1“必須，不得不，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to那么往往強調客觀需要。1The film is

16、not interesting. I really must go now.2must只有一種形式，即如今式與過去式都是一種形式，而have to那么涉及各種人稱、時態等方面的變化形式。1I had to work hard when I was your age.2I will have to learn how to use a computer.3兩者的否認意義不同，mustnt表示“制止，不許，dont have to表示不必。1You mustnt go there.2You dont have to go there.NO.3 shall&should1.shall用法 1

17、用于第一、二、三人稱構成的疑問句，表示征求對方意見或懇求指示，表示“商量斟酌1Shall I open the window?2Shall we say 6 oclock, then?2用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、許諾或威脅。1Dont worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.許諾2He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.警告3You shall do as I say. 命令4If you children dont do as I tell you, you

18、shall not go to the party. 威脅3在法律、條約、規章等文件中，無論主語人稱如何， 一律用shall，表示義務、規定、預言等。1House owners shall keep their gardens in a neat and ordinary state. 義務2Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. 規定3Death is certain to all; all shall die. 預言2. should用法1表示勸告或建議或命令，同義詞為“ought to；表示義務，意

19、指應該做，且有一種道義上的責任。1What should I do?2Should I trust him?2表示推測，用在肯定句中，對如今的情況或可能發生的事的主觀推測或期待。意為“想必，大概，或許1It should be a nice day tomorrow.2Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3還可以用在if引導的條件句中，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相當于“萬一的意思。從句謂語用should+動詞原形構成，主句一定用虛擬語氣1Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.

20、 你萬一見到湯姆，請讓他給我打個 2Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. 萬一我明天有時間，我就過來4用于疑問句或感慨句中，表示意外、驚異的情緒，意為“竟會、竟然；在疑問句中與why，what，how，who連用，表示不合理，難以相信或不應該之事；類似構造還有“Im surprised; It worries me; Its a pity; You cant imagine1Why should anyone want to marry Tony?2Dont ask me. How should I know?例題1 Your brother seldom

21、comes to see you, _? A. does he   B. doesn't he   C. will he  D. isn't he2 It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _? A. won't we       B. will we      C. don't we       D

22、. shall weKeys: 1A 2DNO.4 will&would1. Will用法1） 用于表示意志、愿望和決心。will指如今，would指過去。1 He is the man who will go his own way. 他是個自行其是的人。2） 表示懇求、建議等，用would比用will委婉、客氣2Will you please take a message for him?3） 表示習慣或傾向，意為“總是，慣于多用于第三人稱。will至如今，would指過去。1 Fish will die without water.2People will talk. 人們總會說

23、閑話。4） 表示推測，意為“很可能，大概。will表示推測比should把握大，比must把握小。1These things will happen. 2That will be the messenger ringing.5表示自然規律指如今，有時可用如今時。1Oil and water will not mix.6用于對一個令人厭煩的壞習慣或對無生命物體進展批評假設僅陳述事實，不含厭煩情緒時，也可用如今時。1Whatever I do, my car wont start first time on cold mornings.7用在if條件句中：1表示意志，意為“insist on；2

24、表示有禮貌的懇求或勸阻，意為“be willing to；3 表示對將來行為的預示。 1If you will go out / insist on going out without a coat, you will catch a cold.2If you will make another try, I shall do everything to help you.3If the water will rise above this level, then we must warn everybody in the neighbourhood.8用于否認句中，意為“不肯、“不樂意，表示

25、“堅決地回絕1I wont listen to your nonsense.2No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.2. would用法1可表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。比used to 正式，且沒有“現已無此習慣的含義，常與every day, often, frequently 等連用。1During the vocation he would visit me every week.2In those days the old man would get up very early in the morning and go f

26、or a walk in the fields.例題1 Don't smoke in the meeting room, _ you?  A. do you B. will you    C. can you  D. could you2 - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.- _ . A. I don't        B. I won't

27、0;       C. I can't       D. I haven'tKeys: 1B 2B注意：would與used to辨析would可用來表示過去反復出現的動作，但不能表示過去存在的狀態，所以我們不能說：“she would be a quiet girl.另外，would強調過去某種特定情況下的活動，是完全過去的事情，同如今沒有聯絡。而used to那么著眼于過去和如今的比照，隱含如今已不存在，動作或狀態都可表示。Would可以表示不規那么的習慣

28、，used to那么不可。如： He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.NO.5 need&dare1. Need用法1） 用于表示“需要，必要之意。做情態動詞時，僅用于否認句和疑問句，只有

29、如今時，過去式要用needn't have，疑問式用need+人稱?,否認式用need not即needn't1You needn't have hurried.=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did.2） 做實義動詞時，其變化與一般的實義動詞一樣，后接帶to的不定式need doing = need to be done ,過去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need, 疑問式用do、does、did提問，否認式要在前面加don

30、't、doesn't、didn't1A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.need+名詞, need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解2. dare用法1用于表示“敢于之意。做情態動詞，沒有人稱和數的變化，主要用于否認句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中1He darent admit this.2用作實義動詞時，其變化與一般的實義動詞一樣。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否認句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。1Only a fe

31、w journalists dared to cover the story.2He doesnt dare to go there alone.例題1 I don't know whether he _ try.A. dare  B. needs   C. wants   D. is allowed2 -Shall I tell John about it?   - No, you _. I've told him already.A. needn't   &

32、#160; B. wouldn't      C. mustn't      D. shouldn't3 It's a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. can't        B. mustn't        C. needn't 

33、      D. may notKeys: 1A 2A 3C注意didnt need to do, 意為“不必做某事，如： We didnt need to take warm sweaters, as the weather was so good.neednt have done，意為“本不必做但實際上已經做了，如： We neednt have taken warm sweaters. We could have used the space in our luggage for more books!NO.6 ought to1表示“應

34、該之意1Ought I go now? Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtnt to.2表示推測。注意與must表示推測是的區別1He must be home by now. 斷定他已到家2He ought to be home by now. 不非常肯定3This is where the oil must be. 比較直率4This is where the oil ought to be. 比較含蓄注意should與ought to 表示“應該時的區別should 表示自己的主觀看法，而ought to的語氣中，含有“按道理應該之意。假設要反映客觀情況或

35、涉及法律義務和規定，一般用ought to。如： You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.專題精講1. “Mike is often absent from class. “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.    A. shall      

36、0;      B. will C. would             D. can【參考答案】A【思路解析】shall 用作情態動詞主要有以下兩個用法：1 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：    Shall I help you？ 要不要我幫幫你？    Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子翻開嗎？2 用于陳述句中表示許諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令

37、、規定、必然性等可用于各類人稱。如：    You shall suffer for this. 你會為此事吃苦頭的。表威脅    Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。表規定    You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。表許諾2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so imp

38、ortant.    A. cannot             B. shouldnt C. mustnt           D. neednt【參考答案】A【思路解析】 cannottoo是英語中一個非常有用的表達，意為“不可能太，無論怎樣也不算過分，越越。如：    You cant be too carefu

39、l. 你越仔細越好。    You cant praise the book too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚。    We cannot work too much for the people. 我們為人民做工作是不可能做過頭的。    A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。 注意：有時也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來表示類似意思。如：It is impossible to get th

40、ere too soon. 去那兒越早越好。 3. “Is John coming by train? “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.    A. must               B. can C. need            

41、   D. may【參考答案】D【思路解析】may 表推測，may not 意為“可能不會坐火車來。句中的 He should 為 He shouldcome by train 之省略，由于其后出現轉折連詞 but，說明語意有變化，再結合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D.注意，不能選B，因為can表示推測時通常不用肯定陳述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. “It _ true because there was little snow there

42、.     A. may not be        B. wont be C. couldnt be      D. mustnt be【參考答案】C【思路解析】此題最正確答案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語境所決定，既然“沒下什么雪，那么“滑雪就應是“不可能，所以選 couldnt be，即選C.5. You _ be right, but I dont think you a

43、re.    A. can      B. could       C. must       D. should【參考答案】B【思路解析】從語境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學想當然地選了A，認為整個句子為如今時態，所以選can，而不選過去式 could，但是最正確答案卻是B而不是A.按照英語語法，情態動詞can 用于推測表示可能性時，通常只用于否認句或疑問句中，而不用于肯定句中；

44、但 could 用于表推測時，卻不僅可用于否認句和疑問句，也可用于肯定句，且此時的 could 并不是 can 的過去式，與 can 也沒有時間上的差異，只是 could 比 can語氣更委婉，所以答案選B.注意：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實際上未必會發生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會犯錯誤。 二是后接“beget, seem, become形容詞，表示“有時會、“時常會等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時候很不講道理。專題過

45、關1. If they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. should have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD. should send3. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. don'

46、t we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. could B. might C. should D. was able to5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _ see me.A. can B. may C. might D. could6. - _ this book be yours?- No, it _

47、 not be mine. It _ be his.A. Can, must, mayB. May, might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may7. - "We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday. - “He _ it.A. mustn't attend B. can't have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended8. They _ the plane, or perhaps th

48、ey have been prevented from coming for some reason.A. can have missed B. may have missedC. can have lost D. may have lost9. Since the ground is white, it _ last night.A. had snowed B. must have snowedC. must be snowing D. must have been snowing10. You must be fifty, _?A. mustn't you B. needn'

49、;t you C. aren't you D. mayn't you11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _?A. haven't you B. didn't you C. mustn't you D. needn't you12. - That must be a mistake.- No .it _ be.A. can't B. isn't able to C. can D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you tol

50、d him, so you _ have told it to him.A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't14. How _ so?A. dare you to say B. dare you say C. do you dare say D. dare to say15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them.A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is

51、studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer.A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _ English every day.A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speakingC. must be used to speak D. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to ma

52、ke my airline reservation 預訂 but I _.A. should have B. may have C. must have D. shall have19. She _ get up at six every day when she was in college.A. would B. will C. might D. should20. Don't you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight?A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone【參考答案】 15 AB

53、DDD 610 CBBBC 1115 BACBC 1620 ADAAC NO.7 情態動詞+have done1. must have done1) 表示主觀上對過去已經發生的行為進展推測，意為“想必，準是，一定做了某事; 1She must have gone through a lot.2其否認式為“cant / couldnt have done，意為“決不可能，指“對過去行為有把握的否認。2They cant have gone out, because the light is on.2. may/might have done1表示對過去已發生行為的推測，意為“很有可能；1They

54、 might have seen the film before.2常用于虛擬語氣中；1If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3“might have done用于提出批評，表示責備或忠告等，還可表示“將來某時或許已經完成，這時，句中常有將來時間狀語，或句子描繪的是將來某個時候會發生的事。用might那么表示語氣更加不肯定。1You might have told me about the party!2 Call me next Tuesday; I might have finished the proj

55、ect by then.3. canhave done cannot have done1 could have done 用于對過去可能性的推斷，意為“可能，在肯定句中，指“某事可能是事實或可能會發生；用于疑問句或否認句，表示對過去情況的疑心、否認或驚訝；1John could have posted the letter. 對是否已將信發出無把握2） could have done 意為“本來可以；差點就要，指“某事可能發生但實際上未發生常用于虛擬語氣，表示可惜、遺憾等；2You could have done better, but you didnt try you best.3） c

56、an have done 僅用于否認和疑問句，表示從如今目光看過去發生的事情，但“could + have done既可表示從如今的目光看還可表示從過去的某個時間點看之前發生的事情。3She cant have fixed the computer, its still not working properly.4. might have done表示“本來可能，但實際上沒有發生的事情。另外，還可以表示“本來應該或可以做某事之意，含有細微的責備語氣。1You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2H

57、e might have given him more help, though he was busy.5. should/ought to have done1 用于肯定句時，表示本該做某事，而實際上未做；用于否認句時，那么表示不該做的事反而做了; 1He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2) 用于對過去的推斷，說話人認為“按理應當、理應如此，說話人不能肯定，只是試探性地得出結論，語氣婉轉；1You shouldnt have done it so carelessly3) 對已發

58、生的事表示“驚奇、絕望、憤怒等情緒。1Its strange that he should have left without telling us.6. neednt have done表示做了本來不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事1You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.7. will/would have done用于推測過去，意為“想必、可以肯定，指“說話人確信某事已發生，但并不確知，并用于二、三人稱：1） 假如以如今為時間點，可以用“will have done；1We sent the invitations on M