1、 Business Contracts 商務合同商務合同 主講：主講： 洪明洪明例如：修改 amendments to or alterations of ； 效力 force and effect ；履行 fulfill or perform；提供furnish and provide ； 解釋 interpretation or construction ； 達成 make and enter into ； 無效 null and void；I、同義詞、近義詞等連用。、同義詞、近義詞等連用。在商務合同中，經常用同義詞，間用and 或or 連接。此種用詞意在強調說明合同內容、嚴格區分條款項目

2、，在避免因歧義而發生糾紛。 依照本協議的條款規定on the terms and subject to the conditions 由雙方 by and between 秘密secret and confidential； 可轉讓transferable or assignable； II、復合詞多使用帶有、復合詞多使用帶有here，there，where等前綴等前綴 在合同中使用這類復合詞可避免重復，做在合同中使用這類復合詞可避免重復，做到簡潔、嚴密，同時反映出合同應有的正到簡潔、嚴密，同時反映出合同應有的正式規范性。舉例說明如下式規范性。舉例說明如下: 這類復合詞中的這類復合詞中的“he

3、re”應理解為應理解為“this”,“ there”應理解為應理解為“that”,“ where”應理解為應理解為“which”。 hereof = of thishereof = of this在本文中在本文中，herewith = withthis herewith = withthis 關關于于此點；此點； hereafter = after this time; in the future hereafter = after this time; in the future 自此以后，自此以后，將來將來；hereby = by means of this hereby = by mea

4、ns of this 以此方式；以此方式；herein = in this placeherein = in this place于此于此處處；hereinafter = below hereinafter = below or in this document or in this document 在下文；在下文；hereto = to this hereto = to this 由是，由是，由此；由此；hereby(特此，茲特此，茲)，hereinafter(在下文中在下文中)，thereto(另外，隨附另外，隨附)，thereof(其中，它的其中，它的)，whereas(鑒鑒于于)，w

5、hereby(憑借憑借)，whereupon(因此，于是因此，于是)。III.多用多用shall代替代替will或或should shall表示法律上需要強制執行的義務，有表示法律上需要強制執行的義務，有“應應該該”、“必須必須”的意思。的意思。“will”在合同中雖也用在合同中雖也用作表示承擔義務，但語氣比作表示承擔義務，但語氣比“shall”弱。在合同弱。在合同中中“should”通常只用來表示語氣較強的假設通常只用來表示語氣較強的假設“萬一萬一”，這是英語合同用詞與基礎英語用詞的，這是英語合同用詞與基礎英語用詞的不同之處。不同之處。 例如例如:1.This Contract shall

6、become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.“本合同簽字生效。本合同簽字生效。” 2Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15. 譯文：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲于譯文：本合同簽字之日一個月內，即不遲于12月月25日，你日，你方方須將貨物裝船。須將貨物裝船。 3Party A shall pay Party B a month

7、ly salary of US$500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). 譯文：聘方須每月譯文：聘方須每月付給付給受聘方美元受聘方美元500元整。元整。IV.選用正規性詞語選用正規性詞語 商務合同作為正式性的法律文件，用于規定權利義務，表明細節條目，因此用詞斟酌，正式、規范，多用正式或法律上的用詞。 例如：（例如：（1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. “應乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技

8、術人員幫助乙方應乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術人員幫助乙方安裝設備。安裝設備。”assist 較較 help 正式；正式； （2）The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel. “雇主應該對有關人員給予正確技術指雇主應該對有關人員給予正確技術指導。導。”render 較較 give 正式；正式；V.常見慣用詞的公式化使用常見慣用詞的公式化使用 1、慣用WHEREAS “鑒于”，多用它在前文中引出簽約背景和目的，起連詞作用。例如： （1）WHEREAS the Employer is desirous th

9、at manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq； “鑒于雇主欲請勞動力建造伊拉克巴格達的高層住宅綜合大樓；” （2）WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works； “鑒于承包人想為此工程提供勞動力；”VI.一般條款（一般條款（General Terms and Conditions）合合同同有有效效期期（Duration）。 2

10、. 合合同同的的終終止止（Termination）。3. 不不可可抗抗力力（Force Majeure）。 4. 合合同同的的讓讓與與（Assignment）。5. 仲仲裁裁（Arbitration）。6. 適適用用的的法法律律（Governing Law）。7. 訴訴訟訟管管轄轄（Jurisdiction）。8. 通通知知手手續續（Notice）。 9. 合合同同修修改改（Amendment）。10. 其其他他（Others）。 11、結結尾尾條條款款（Witness Clause） 一一般般包包括括份份數、數、使使用用的的文文字字和和效效力、力、簽簽名名（Signature）。英語商務合同

11、中常用短語英語商務合同中常用短語 hereinafter referred to as hereinafter referred to as 以下稱以下稱 whereas whereas 鑒于鑒于 in witness whereof in witness whereof 茲證明茲證明 for and on behalf of for and on behalf of 代表代表 by virtue of by virtue of 因為因為 prior to prior to 在在之前之前 as regards/concerning/relating to as regards/concerni

12、ng/relating to 關于關于 cease to do cease to do 停止做停止做 in effect in effect 事實上事實上 miscellaneous miscellaneous 其他事項其他事項 英語商務合同中常用的術語有：英語商務合同中常用的術語有：Force Majeure(不可抗力不可抗力)，defect（瑕疵），（瑕疵）， jurisdiction（管（管轄），轄），draft at sight（即期匯票），（即期匯票），letter of credit(信用證信用證)，bill of lading（提單），（提單），documents against

13、 acceptance(承兌交單承兌交單)，bill of exchange(匯票匯票)，firm offer（實盤），（實盤），technology transfer（技術轉讓）等等，這些專（技術轉讓）等等，這些專業術語語義精煉，表義準確，正式、規范、嚴謹業術語語義精煉，表義準確，正式、規范、嚴謹，符合合同正規、嚴肅的文體特征。，符合合同正規、嚴肅的文體特征。常用條件句常用條件句 合同為表達可能發生的各種情況、設想，以及相合同為表達可能發生的各種情況、設想，以及相關的處理方法，條款中條件句較多，尤其是在有關的處理方法，條款中條件句較多，尤其是在有關付款、違約責任、不可抗力、財產處理和仲裁關付

14、款、違約責任、不可抗力、財產處理和仲裁等幾部分中。這種結構雖然拖沓冗長，但表意精等幾部分中。這種結構雖然拖沓冗長，但表意精確，避免了產生歧義的情形。常見表達有：確，避免了產生歧義的情形。常見表達有： in the event that, in case表達表達“如果、假若如果、假若”，should 表達希望某事不太可能發生等。例如表達希望某事不太可能發生等。例如：（：（1）In case the Import License is required, the buyer should settle the problem before placing the order.“若需要進若需要進口許

15、可證，買方應在訂貨前辦妥。口許可證，買方應在訂貨前辦妥。” （2）Should the buyer fail to perform any provision of the contract signed with the seller, the seller is entitled to terminate the wholeor any part of the contract, or postpone the delivery or hold back the goods in transit. “假如買方未能履行與賣方所訂立合同的任何條款，賣方有權終止全部或部分合同，或延期交貨，或截留

16、運輸中貨物。”狀語轉換狀語轉換 1、狀語轉換為主語、狀語轉換為主語 例10：For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent. 本合同的目的在于乙方希望引進專利，按在于乙方希望引進專利，按專利提供的技術進行合作生產。專利提供的技術進行合作生產。 2 、狀語轉換為謂語、狀語轉換為謂語 例9

17、：The conditions for the establishment of the Joint Venture Company and the total amount of investment and registered capital are stipulated in this Contrast.本合同規定了本合同規定了設設立立合資公司的條件以及投資總額與注冊資合資公司的條件以及投資總額與注冊資本。本。合資經營合同合資經營合同(開頭一段開頭一段) 編號編號.85-100 按照中華人民共和國法律組成的上海建筑按照中華人民共和國法律組成的上海建筑材料進出口公司，其總公司在中華人民共

18、材料進出口公司，其總公司在中華人民共和國，上海市和國，上海市為第一方（以下簡稱甲為第一方（以下簡稱甲方）與受制于美國法律的環球建筑物資供方）與受制于美國法律的環球建筑物資供應公司，其總公司在美國，俄亥俄州，應公司，其總公司在美國，俄亥俄州，為第二方（以下簡稱乙方）于為第二方（以下簡稱乙方）于2010年年3月月2日訂立合同。日訂立合同。 Joint Venture Contract No. 85-100 This Contract is made on the 2nd day of March, 2010 between Shanghai Building Materials Import &

19、Export Corporation organized under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China, having its principal office at Pudong, Shanghai, the Peoples Republic of China (hereinafter called Party A) of the First Part and The Global Construction Supplies Company organized under the laws of the USA, having its pri

20、ncipal office at Ohio, U.S.A.(hereinafter called Party B) of the Second Part. WHEREAS Party A desires to use Party Bs technology and trademark to manufacture and sell Road Marks in China and overseas markets; WHEREAS Party B desires to co-operate with Party A to manufacture and sell Road Marks in Ch

21、ina and overseas markets, and WHEREAS both parties consider these objectives can be achieved by the formation of a joint venture company under the relevant laws, rules and regulations of the Peoples Republic of China; NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the convents described hereina

22、fter, Party A and Party B agree as follows. 合同長句翻譯合同長句翻譯 1、This Contract is made out in two originals, each copy written in Chinese and English languages, both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the Chinese text shall prevail. 1. 本合同正文一式兩份，分別以中文和英本合同正文一式兩份，分別以中文和

23、英文書寫，兩種文本具有同等效力。若對其文書寫，兩種文本具有同等效力。若對其解釋產生異議，則以中文本為準。解釋產生異議，則以中文本為準。 2、Commodity Inspection: It is mutually agreed that the Certificate of Quality and Weight issued by the China Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment shall be taken as the basis of delivery. 2. 商品檢驗：買賣雙方

24、同意以裝運口岸中商品檢驗：買賣雙方同意以裝運口岸中國進出口商品檢驗局簽發的品質和重量檢國進出口商品檢驗局簽發的品質和重量檢驗證書作為品質和數量的交貨依據。驗證書作為品質和數量的交貨依據。 3、This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties. 3. 本合同將在雙方授權代表簽字后正式生本合同將在雙方授權代表簽字后正式生效。效。 4、Terms of Payment: By Irrevocable Letter of Credit fo

25、r 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, in favour of the Sellers, payable at the issuing bank against the Sellers draft at sight accompanied by the shipping documents stipulated in the Credit. The balance of 10% of the proceeds is to be paid only after the goods have been inspec

26、ted and approved at the port of destination. 4. 付款條件：按貨物金額付款條件：按貨物金額90%開立以賣方開立以賣方為受益人的不可撤銷信用證，憑賣方跟單為受益人的不可撤銷信用證，憑賣方跟單匯票向開證行議付，其余匯票向開證行議付，其余10%貨款在貨到貨款在貨到目的地檢驗合格后付清。目的地檢驗合格后付清。 5、Force Majeure: If shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part due to Force Majeure, the Se

27、llers shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods under this Contract. However, the Sellers shall notify the Buyers by fax or telex and furnish the latter within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Tra

28、de attesting such event or events. 5. 不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致使賣方不能全部或部分裝運或延遲裝運合使賣方不能全部或部分裝運或延遲裝運合同貨物時，賣方對于這種不能裝運或延遲同貨物時，賣方對于這種不能裝運或延遲裝運不負有責任。但賣方須用傳真或電傳裝運不負有責任。但賣方須用傳真或電傳通知買方，并須在通知買方，并須在15天內以航空掛號信件天內以航空掛號信件向買方提交中國國際貿易促進委員會出具向買方提交中國國際貿易促進委員會出具的證明此類事故的證明書。的證明此類事故的證明書。 買賣合同（范式） 合同號： 簽署日期/地點：

29、買方名稱： 法定地址： 聯系人： 賣方名稱： 法定地址： 聯系人： 買賣雙方經協商，簽署本合同。根據合同條款規 定，買方同意購買，賣方同意出售下列貨物。 貨物名稱及合同適用范圍 價格 付款方式 包裝條件 雙方證明，合同自簽署之日起生效。 買方： 賣方： 簽署人： 簽署人： 日期： 日期： 最終用戶： 簽署人： 日期：body 1. NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT 2. PRICE 3. PAYMENT 4. PACKING IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effect

30、ive as of the date first above written. THE BUYER THE SELLER _ _ By：_ By：_ Date：_ Date：_ THE END USER _ By： _ Date：_ 2 Quantity: 900M/T. (Metric Ton) 公噸公噸3 Unit price (單價單價): USD 120 per M/T CFRC 5% Singapore. C: Cost (成本成本) F: Freight (運費運費) C: Commission (傭金傭金)4 Total amount: USD108,000 with 5% mo

31、re or less (溢短溢短裝條款裝條款) both in amount and quantity at the sellers option.Name of commodity and specification (品名品名及規格及規格): Lithophone Zns content 28% min.5 Packing: By paper-lined glass-fibre bags of 25kg. each, gross for net.(以毛作凈以毛作凈)6 Shipping marks (運輸標志或運輸標志或嘜頭嘜頭): To be designated by the sell

32、ers.Port of shipment and Port of Destination (裝運裝運港和目的港港和目的港): From Qingtao to SingaporeTime of shipment: During May/July,1995, into three equal lots. Partial shipment (分批裝運分批裝運) to be allowed, transhipment (轉運轉運) not to be allowed.Insurance: To be covered by the buyers.Terms of payment: By irrevoca

33、ble, transferable, and divisible bankers acceptance letter of credit to cover the total value of each monthly (or lot of ) shipment as stipulated aboveCommodity inspection: Certificate of quality and weight issued by the Chinese Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment12

34、 Amendment of Letter of CreditIf the L/C is not in accordance with the terms of contract, amendments should be made immediately by the buyersBuyers shall be responsible for any losses thus incurred as well as for late shipment thus caused13 Shipping Advice (裝運通知裝運通知)The sellers or their branches sha

35、ll notify the buyers or their agents by cable or telex of the number of L/C, quantity and name of vessel immediately after loading is completed.14 Claims (索賠索賠) The buyers shall have the right within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination to lodge or file claims concerning

36、 the quality, quantity or weight of the goods ( claims for perishable goods are to be put forward immediately after arrival of the goods at destination).15.Force Majeure (不可抗力不可抗力)Should any natural disasters happen,the time of Should any natural disasters happen,the time of shipment might be extend

37、ed, or a part or whole of shipment might be extended, or a part or whole of the contract cancelled without liability attached the contract cancelled without liability attached to the sellers. The seller shall furnish the buyer to the sellers. The seller shall furnish the buyer within 15 days after t

38、he accident by registered within 15 days after the accident by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the competent airmail with a certificate issued by the competent government authority or the chamber of government authority or the chamber of commerce which is located at the merce which i