1、 最新最新“國際音標國際音標”共有共有4848個音素個音素, ,由發音時氣流是否受阻可分輔音和由發音時氣流是否受阻可分輔音和元音兩大類。在發音過程中由氣流元音兩大類。在發音過程中由氣流通過口腔或鼻腔不受阻礙而發出的通過口腔或鼻腔不受阻礙而發出的音叫音叫元音元音; ;在發音過程中由氣流通在發音過程中由氣流通過口腔或鼻腔受阻礙而發出的音叫過口腔或鼻腔受阻礙而發出的音叫輔音輔音. .2元音元音： i: i e u: u : : a: ei ai u au i e i u輔音：輔音： p b k g t d f v h l m n j tr dr d dz ts t s z r w 英語元音英語元音

2、(English vowels) A. 元音的分類元音的分類: 英語元音音素共英語元音音素共20個個 a: a: ai ai auau e e : : ei ei i i: : i i uu i i : : i i uu u u: : u u 單元音單元音雙元音雙元音 a： pass glass advancear： arm garden smart harmfulau： aunt laughear： heartal： calm half: : : : : : : : : : u u u:uu 更圓更小更圓更小u:ei e 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音；eiai 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向

3、音；音；發發 音時，舌尖抵住下齒音時，舌尖抵住下齒ai 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； i i uu 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 u 音；音； uu auau 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 u 音；音；au 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； 音時，用扁平唇音時，用扁平唇 i i 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； uu u 音，然后滑向音，然后滑向 音；音； u 時，不要把舌抬得過高，時，不要把舌抬得過高，以免讀成以免讀成u:； uu p發音時，雙唇緊閉，然后突然放開，讓口腔內氣流沖出，爆破成音。發音時聲帶不振動。p1.pea peach peak pie pig pack 1.pea pea

4、ch peak pie pig pack pair park pause peace pork put pair park pause peace pork put pick pick2.appear compose compare sleeper 2.appear compose compare sleeper spring whisper spend beeper spring whisper spend beeper supper hopper supper hopper3.sharp rope tape cap step 3.sharp rope tape cap step lip h

5、arp heap lip harp heapb發音時，雙唇緊閉，然后突然放開，讓口腔內氣流沖出，爆破成音。發音時聲帶振動。b1.bee back bear beach bad bill 1.bee back bear beach bad bill beak bait book big bye bake beak bait book big bye bake2.obey robber labor member 2.obey robber labor member timber jobber ribbon verbal timber jobber ribbon verbal3.cab tribe

6、job lab mob rob 3.cab tribe job lab mob rob herb herb t發音時，舌尖緊貼齒齦，形成阻礙，然后突然放開，讓口腔內氣流沖出，爆破成音。發音時聲帶不振動。t1.tailor turn tune tide tea 1.tailor turn tune tide tea top tap tell tire top tap tell ernal repetition factory 2.internal repetition factory settle motive grateful settle motive grateful h

7、ostage hostage3.represent invent fact used 3.represent invent fact used translate heat hit wet translate heat hit wet wait white wait whited發音時，舌尖緊貼齒齦，形成阻礙，然后突然放開，讓口腔內氣流沖出，爆破成音。發音時聲帶振動。d1.day delight dignity double 1.day delight dignity double dinner deep dip debt dinner deep dip debt date doubt dat

8、e doubt2.golden leader minded kingdom 2.golden leader minded kingdom tender lady ladder tender lady ladder3.gold dead mind head field 3.gold dead mind head field feed pod friend bread feed pod friend breadk發音時，舌后部隆起，緊貼軟腭，形成阻礙，然后突然放開，讓口腔內氣流沖出，爆破成音。發音時聲帶不振動。k1.cat kite coco courage chemical 1.cat kite

9、 coco courage chemical king kept come came cost, king kept come came cost,2.fact election liquid outskirts 2.fact election liquid outskirts criticalcritical3.think magic neck lock sake3.think magic neck lock sake bark look wake work bark look wake work g發音時，舌后部隆起，形成阻礙，然后突然放開，讓口腔內氣流沖出，爆破成音。發音時聲帶振動。g1

10、. guest gust groom goal glad God gun guide got get2. linger angle again pregnant figure finger3. leg tag egg flag league jug dog pig bagf發音時，下唇輕觸上齒，讓口腔內氣流從唇齒間通過，形成摩擦音。發音時聲帶不振動。f1.food fetch fan ferry few 1.food fetch fan ferry few feet fat form farm firm feet fat form farm firm2.afford afraid prefer

11、 laughter 2.afford afraid prefer laughter soften reform reflect refine, soften reform reflect refine, refer infer, refer infer,3.beef enough knife loaf hoof 3.beef enough knife loaf hoof safe life tough laugh safe life tough laughv發音時，下唇輕觸上齒，讓口腔內氣流從唇齒間通過，形成摩擦音。發音時聲帶振動。v1.voice vain vocation victory

12、1.voice vain vocation victory vest vary volley vote vest vary volley vote 2.driver review eleven novel 2.driver review eleven novel avoid invoice invest inviteavoid invoice invest invite3.above live love have3.above live love have wave leave five wave leave five發音時，舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流由舌齒間送出，形成摩擦音。發音時聲帶不振動。1.

13、third think thunder theme thought thing thank2.truthful fifthly athlete author something3.bath both mouth month, tooth youth birth發音時，舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流由舌齒間送出，形成摩擦音。發音時聲帶振動。1.then those though there this their that these they thus2.without mother either weather whether3.breathe bath clothe smooth with s發音時，

14、舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出，形成摩擦音。發音時聲帶不振動。s1.sit scene city sorry something 1.sit scene city sorry something set sat soft sour soil set sat soft sour soil 2.listen message receive sincere 2.listen message receive sincere essay cost casement cask essay cost casement cask 3.loss box ice ships Jacks 3.loss box

15、ice ships Jacks this course ass rice gas this course ass rice gasz發音時，舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出，形成摩擦音。發音時聲帶振動。z1.zone zebra zoo zero zip 2.exact scissors puzzle reason residence resign resist resolve3.ages hers pause goes chosen gaze buzz lose as發音時，舌端靠近齒齦后部，舌身抬起靠近上腭，雙唇稍收圓并略突出，讓口腔內氣流從舌面與一腭間隙縫中擠出時摩擦成音。發音時聲帶不

16、振動。1.share shed ship shore shoe shine show sheet shake shower 2.mention voracious vicious usher3.lavish fish dish Spanish, rush wash wish fresh發音時，舌端靠近齒齦后部，舌身抬起靠近上腭，雙唇稍收圓并略突出，讓口腔內氣流從舌面與一腭間隙縫中擠出時摩擦成音。發音時聲帶振動。1.vision azure pleasure visual 1.vision azure pleasure visual usual treasure measure usual tr

17、easure measure2.rage mirage massage collage 2.rage mirage massage collage prestige prestigeh發音時，氣流不受阻礙，僅在通過聲門時發出輕微的摩擦。口形不定，隨其后的元音而變化。發音時聲帶不振動。h1.horse house hale hearty have 1.horse house hale hearty have whole hell heat whole hell heat his help hand had hard his help hand had hard 2.childhood secon

18、dhand inhuman 2.childhood secondhand inhuman behave behavior behalf behave behavior behalfm發音時，雙唇閉攏，軟腭下垂，讓氣流從鼻腔送出，聲帶振動。發音完畢，雙唇仍保持緊閉狀態。m1.money music must motive mountain middle master mutual midnight measure meet miss 2.sample simple normal hammer imagine comfort animal postman company camp e room p

19、oem lamb arm calm claim shame game form home yam samen發音時，舌尖抵上齒齦，形成阻礙，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔送出，聲帶振動。發音時，雙唇始終微微張開。n1.no know knowledge note noble nervous 1.no know knowledge note noble nervous night navy name now nail narrow night navy name now nail narrow 2.honor plenty land ground cant 2.honor plenty land grou

20、nd cant banner offense island business banner offense island business 3.woman contain eaten taken sudden 3.woman contain eaten taken sudden kitchen season broken American sun kitchen season broken American sun 發音時，軟腭下垂，堵住口腔通道，氣流從鼻腔送出，聲帶振動。1.singer stronger English language 1.singer stronger English

21、language angry hunger sing wing angry hunger sing wing 2.long rang morning drawing driving 2.long rang morning drawing driving cooking reading working walking cooking reading working walking painting eating drinking running painting eating drinking running w發音時，舌后部向軟腭抬起，舌位高。雙唇收小并向前突出，聲帶振動。發音短促，發音瞬間即

22、滑向后面的元音。w1.will would work wall word 1.will would work wall word Washington wander wit whip Washington wander wit whip wealthy wheel wait went while wealthy wheel wait went while wear why wound wane which wear why wound wane which2.persuade vowel always square 2.persuade vowel always square swim swe

23、ep swam swell power swim sweep swam swell power quiet quarrel quantity question quiet quarrel quantity question quick quack swear swan quick quack swear swan sweet sweat shower sweet sweat showerj發音時，舌前部盡量向上腭抬起，舌位高。雙唇伸展成扁平狀，聲帶振動。發音瞬間即滑向后面的元音。j1.you yours yard yesterday year 1.you yours yard yesterda

24、y year yield unify yen use yawn yes yield unify yen use yawn yes yoke yearn young yet yellow yoke yearn young yet yellow2.union coal-yard opinion million 2.union coal-yard opinion million value few abuse accuse fuel value few abuse accuse fuel humor hue huge humiliate music humor hue huge humiliate

25、music mute mutual mute mutuall發音時，舌尖及舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌前部向硬腭抬起，氣流從舌的兩側送出。l1.lead lunch local London look 1.lead lunch local London look large love learn lobby lovely large love learn lobby lovely logic loose lookout loinlogic loose lookout loin2.influence world shield float flow felt 2.influence world shield

26、 float flow felt film glue child solve lowland middleman film glue child solve lowland middleman olive silly stimulate valley olive silly stimulate valley3.people girl bottle trail medical apple 3.people girl bottle trail medical apple middle pole ill pill bill wrinkle middle pole ill pill bill wrin

27、kle maple noodle novel maple noodle novel r發音時，舌尖向上齒齦后部卷起，舌兩側稍收攏，雙唇略突出，氣流通過舌尖和齒齦形成輕微摩擦，發音時聲帶振動。r1.rare repair rent repay replace 1.rare repair rent repay replace report republic round wrong respect report republic round wrong respect read red rid rod room read red rid rod room rude right wrote rain

28、rude right wrote rain2.merry hurry factory quarrel 2.merry hurry factory quarrel ferry grass cream crack ferry grass cream crack crop crazy grain growncrop crazy grain grownt 發音時，舌尖舌端抬起貼住上齒齦后部，形成阻礙，氣流沖破這個阻礙后，舌和齒齦間仍保持一個狹縫，發出摩擦的聲音。發音時聲帶不振動。t1.chance chalk chief chest choice 1.chance chalk chief chest

29、choice cheap chip chest chat chop cheap chip chest chat chop2.discharge richer picture torture2.discharge richer picture torture3.which hatch rich inch reach3.which hatch rich inch reachd發音時，舌尖舌端抬起貼住上齒齦后部，形成阻礙，氣流沖破這個阻礙后，舌和齒齦間仍保持一個狹縫，發出摩擦的聲音。發音時聲帶振動。d1.Jack jacket jeep gymnastic 1.Jack jacket jeep gy

30、mnastic geography germ Jane join joke geography germ Jane join joke judge judge2.biology rejoin major 2.biology rejoin major 3.edge age charge 3.edge age charge urge large urge largetr發音時，舌身與發r音相似，舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發出短促的t后立即發r。發音時聲帶不振動。 trip treasure translate troy tree treat track true2. extr

31、a struggle stress strange streak straw strength strike industrydr發音時，舌身與發r音相似，舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發出短促的d后立即發r。發音時聲帶振動。drdrive dry drag dress drove drink dream dreary drown注意發音時的輔音濁化注意發音時的輔音濁化:n在音標中sp相遇p發bn spring spr speak spik nst相遇t發d nstudent stjud()nt study std nsk相遇k發gnschool skul sky ska 音節是由元音和輔音構成的發音單音節是由元音和輔音構成的發音單位。位。一個音節通常由一個音節通常由一個元音音素一個元音音素加加上上一個或幾個輔音字母一個或幾個輔音字母構成。構成。單獨一單獨一個元音字母也可以構成一個音節。但個元音字母也可以構成一個音節。但輔音一般不單獨構成音節。輔音一般不單獨構成音節。單詞按其音節多少來劃分，可分為三種單詞按其音節多少來劃分，可分為三種: :單音節詞：單音節詞：由一個音節構成的詞叫做單音節詞。由一個音節構成的詞叫做單音節詞。 big, fight, I, you, a big, fight, I, you, a 雙音節詞雙音節詞: : 由兩個