1、進行式被動式時態與誥態不 定 £句法功能除謂詒外町作作何威分S 一獨立卞橋現在分Mlr主動式：披動式:、1去£護同：donedoingBeing Hnn«一主動式* doing； hfiinp Hone 構成：名詞（代詞）+分詞（短講）形容詞/副詞等 偽0旬育或旬尾.活JT1逗號與主句分開 with*賓語+賓補（瞽代獨“斗橋結構）及物與不及物語態 時態類別vL主動語態被動語態主動語態動詞Jug形式-般時：（與謂語動作同 時發生）makingbdng niad«going完成時；（先于謂語動作 發生）having made （不作定語）having bee

2、n riiadck（不作定諾）having gone （不作定IS）動詞 -ed形式只有一般時:不強調時間 先后t只講原因條件Xm»df（表被動）Jione（表完成）動詞不 室式一般時:與謂語動柞（幾 乎）同時發生tu maketo be madeto £«完成時:先于說話動作發 生to huve inndeto have bc«n mikdeto have gone逬行時:在昭語動作發生 時正在進行to be makingXhi hr going: to HoL<> be doingLo Have doneto he <lon帶疑冋聞

3、的不定式：how lo do 悄態動詞后 省略to的悄?況had better等之L hlLVf tlo 爲寫扌勾動名詞 admit, appreciate, give up, imagine, put off, resist, can' t stan無法忍受）等后可以用動名 詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。 forget, mean, regret, remember,等可帶動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區別。 在短語 devote to, object to, thank for, be busy, look forward to , there is no use/good/need

4、 等動詞詞組后也必須用動名詞形式。 在love, hate, prefer, like等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區別。用動名詞作賓語時， 指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時指某一次具體行為。 .allow, advise, forbid , permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞 作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。We don' t allow smok ing here.We don' t allow stude nts to smoke. .動詞need, require，want作需要”解，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，

5、表示事情需要做。動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。be worth后必須用動名詞的主動形式來表示被動意義。The win dow n eeds clea ning/to be clea ned. 動名詞的時態和語態動名詞的時態分一般式和完成式兩種。We are in terested in playi ng chess.I ' m sorry for not having kept my promise.He likes being helped.I don ' t remember having ever been given a chanee to do it.分詞的時態和語態

6、(1) 分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞，其否定形式為n ot+分詞。現在分詞有一般式和完成式。Being a studen，he was interested in books.Having studied in it for three years, he knows the university very well.(2) 現在分詞有一般式和完成式，且有主動語態和被動語態。The questi on being discussed is importa nt.Having been criticized by the teache，Li Ming gave up smoking.(3) 過去分

7、詞表示的動作或是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生，或是沒有一定的時間性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.如果指的動作現在正在發生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，可用現在分詞的被動形 式作定語。We must keep a secret of the thi ngs being discussed here.(4) 作狀語分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連接詞wh

8、ile或when引出。While unfinished，the painting looked ugly.分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果分詞與句子的主語是主動關系，用doing表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生或進行的動作，用having done表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生的動作。如果分詞與句子的主語是被動關系，則用done強調在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生的動作，也可用havi ng been done。(5) .當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，分詞前必須加上自己的主語，此結構被稱為獨立主格結構。Time permitt ing， I ' ll f

9、inish ano ther less on.二、轉換復合句為非謂語動詞1. 這里曾有一家化肥廠，位于城市的南邊。它每天釋放出大量有毒氣體，污染環境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the en vir onment.f There used to be a large factory. Every day it gave out a lot of pois onousgas,the environ

10、ment.(現在分詞作狀語)2. 當我們趕到校門口時，已經 8點了。我們見到老師時，不得不為遲到而向她道歉。Whe n we got to the school gate it was eight. Whe n we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for we were so late.f When we got to the school gate it was eight. , we had to say sorry for our beinglate.(現在分詞作狀語)3我們認為中學生學習一門外語是必要的。同時我們也認為，中學生掌握一門外語是可

11、能 的。We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one.f We think that middle school students should learn a foreign Ianguage and （wethink it） possible for them as well.（it的用法和不定式作真正賓語）4由于老師的幫助，我英語進步了。因為

12、我英語進步了，我相信我能考上更好的大學。Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.f ,my English has greatly improved, （關聯詞） makesme sure I will go to a better university.（with 復合結構作狀語）5為了趕上同班同學，李東不遺余力地學習。為了好好學習，他從

13、不玩電腦游戲。Li Dong spares no effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates.He never plays computer games so that he can learn better.fLi Dong spares no effort to study his classmates and better henever plays computer games .不（ 定式作狀語 ）三. 運用非謂語動詞轉換簡單句1We were touched by the teacher's wor

14、ds. We decided to work hard.2I didn't receive her letter. I had to write again.3The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.4The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.5I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her.

15、6. It is high time we took part in some activities. We want to make ourselves more healthy.7. A girl climbed so hard that she lost her temper She complained about the long walk.8. The monitor has set a good example for us . Therefore, the monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .四、改錯

16、1. Looking from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful .2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing.3. Which team is good at cooking?A team called itself the supper cook.五、運用非謂語動詞轉換短文 （根據一般表達寫出該短文的高級表達 ） 廣州市有大量的出租車司機，他們每天全心全意地為乘客服務，對廣州市的交通發揮著 重要作用。他們起早貪黑，賺錢養家糊口。有一次，我下車時不小心把手機忘在了車上，但 當

17、我和司機同志聯系上之后，他立即開車把手機送到了我的家門口，讓我感動不已。一般表達：1. There are a large number of taxi drivers in Guangzhou. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Guangzhou. 2. They make some money. They work from dawn till night. 3. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry so I

18、 left my cellphone in the taxi I took. 4. After I got in touch with the driver , he drove to my home and gave it back to me. 5.When i saw my phone again, I was very excited.咼級表達:六. 請盡量用非謂語動詞來描述以下兩篇短文。（僅限5句話）1. 高考快到了，我們班舉行了一次會議討論去哪里春游來緩解考試的壓力。我們選擇了去 燒烤。第二天，我們大清早出發。我們爬山，有說有笑。當我們到達的時候，我們開始燒烤 吃完大餐，我們欣賞了

19、溫暖的日落的美麗風景。返回時，我們雖然很累但很開心。2. 高考臨近。保持良好的心態很重要。它有助于減輕焦慮（relax）和勇敢地克服困難建議有足夠的睡眠是必要的。原131 它能有效的改善我們的課堂學習°N保持健康的身體是進一步學習及工作 的基礎.二、轉換復合句為非謂語動詞IThere used to be a large factory producing fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the environment.（現在分詞作狀語）2. When we got to the

20、school gate it was eight. Seeing our teacher, we had to say sorry for our being late.（現在分詞作狀語）3. We think it necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign Ianguage and （we think it） possible for them to master one as well不定式作真正賓語 ）4. With my teacher helping me, my English has greatly

21、improved, which makes me sure I will go to a better university.（with 復合結構作狀語）5. Li Dong spares no effort to study so as to catch up with his classmates and to learn better he never plays computer games 不定式作狀語）三、轉換復合句為非謂語動詞1. Touched by the teacher's words, we decided to work hard.2. Not having r

22、eceived her letter., I had to write again.3. The boy ' s bgihate again made the teacher very angry.4. To finish the work earlier, the boys were making the most of time.5. Seeing an old granny lying on the ground, I went over to help her.6. It is high time we took part in some activities to make

23、ourselves more healthy.7. She got so angry that she lost her temper, compla ining about the long walk.8. Having set a good example for us, the mon itor deserves the honor and we should lear n from her .四、改錯1. Looked from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful .2. In my opinion, climbing mountain

24、 is an enjoyable thing.3. A team called the supper cook.A team calling itself the supper cook.五、運用非謂語動詞轉換短文（高級表達）There are a large nu mber of taxi drivers in Beiji ng, serv ing passe ngers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing. In order to make some money to support their families, they work from dawn till night. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took. On heari ng what had happe ned, the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellph one back to me. Seeing my cellph o