1、現在完成時講解一 基本結構：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他. 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三用法（1）現在完成時表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現在在這兒)

2、My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現在不在這兒) （2）現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點或過去時的句子）連用.for+時段since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來）since+時段+agosince+從句（過去時）It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四has gone (to),has been (to), has

3、been (in) 的區別Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現在不在說話現場)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現在完成時的標志1.現在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現在仍有影響,用以下四大標志詞可以表達

4、這種含義:* 以already, just和yet為標志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發生的次數為標志He says he has been to the USA three times

5、. 他說他已經去過美國三次了。* 以so far（到目前為止）為標+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經通過了考試。2.過去已經開始的動作一直延續到現在, 甚至有可能繼續延續下去,我們可以從動作“延續”的特性和“時間”點段的區分入手,進一步學習現在完成時。* for+時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志 注意： 1)現在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;2)不

6、能與when連用 2.現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用 現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,但它的影響現在還存在；也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態.其構成： have (has) +過去分詞.規則變化的過去分詞與過去式的變化一樣,在動詞詞尾加ed; 不規則變化的過去分詞見不規則動詞表,需要同學記憶.現以see the film為例將現在完成時的肯定句, 否定句和疑問句列表如下：肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ have

7、nt seen the film.He/ She/It has not/hasnt seen the film.疑問句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they havent. Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasnt.二、用法：現在完成時既涉及過去,又聯系現在.用法一：表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果.常與just（剛剛）,already（已經）,n

8、ever（從來沒有）,ever（曾經）,before（以前）,yet（仍然）,once（一次）,twice（兩次）,many times（很多次）,how many times（多少次）,so far（迄今為止）,during the past（last）three years（最近三年來）等連用. 副詞的位置：just常用于肯定句中,放在have / has后,He has just come .never表示否定, 放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.ever用于疑問句中,句型為: Have / Has主語ever 過去分詞

9、?“曾經過嗎?”用于詢問某人過去的經歷.Have you ever been to the farm?before用于句末,The woman has never heard of that before.yet 用于句末或not 之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末.We have already finished it.so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.用法二：表示過去已經開始,一直延續到現在的動作或狀態.時間狀語有： f

10、or表示一段時間的詞語I have taught English for 19 years. since表示過去時間點的詞語He has been at this school since 1986. since表示過去的時間狀語從句I have lived here since I was born. since一段時間ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、現在完成時態中可以和表示一段時間狀語（for,since,how long, all ones life）連用的動詞必須是表示延續的情況或動作的動詞,即延續性動詞.如：be,have,kno

11、w,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等.I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?四、延續性動詞的現在完成時可和包括“現在”在內的（到說話時仍未結束）表示一段時間的狀語連用.如this morning,today,this week,these daysHe has been to Beijing three times this year. He h

12、as written two letters this morning.（說話時間在上午）He wrote two letters this morning.（說話時間在下午或晚上）五、英語中還有一些動詞的意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續,只是一瞬間就結束的動作,這類動詞叫做“非延續性動詞”,常見的有：come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,open,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up,become,borrow,lend,find,finish,receive等.這些動詞可用于現在完成時,說明某個動作

13、的結果還存在,但不能和表示一段時間的狀語（how long,for,since）連用.He has come back.（）He has come back for two hours.（×） 但在否定句中,非延續性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾,如I havent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him since 1999.六、當終止性動詞（非延續性動詞）與表示一段時間的狀語（how long,since,for, all ones life）相矛盾時,改正錯句的方法有如下幾種:（1）用副詞ago把現在

14、完成時的句子改為一般過去時.He has come back for two weeks.（錯）改為:He came back two weeks ago.（正）I have lost my bike for ten days. （錯）改為:I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）（2）用“It is / has been時間since一般過去時態”句型來改寫.He has joined the League for 3 years. （錯）It is 3 years since he joined the League.I have bought the book f

15、or 5 days. （錯）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）He has died for 20 years. （錯）It is 20 years since he died. （正）（3）用“時間has passedsince一般過去時態”句型來改寫.He has left home for 20 years. 改為:Twenty years has passed since he left home.He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改為:Two days has passed since he lost hi

16、s pen.（4）用系表結構來改寫.He has died for 20 years. 改為: He has been dead for 20 years.The factory has opened since 1999. 改為:The factory has been open since 1999.How long has he left? 改為:How long has he been away?（5）用相應的延續性動詞替代非延續性動詞.He has bought the book for two weeks. 改為:He has had the book for two weeks.

17、常見的相應轉換形式如下:borrow / lendkeep, buyhave, finish / endbe over, arrive /come / go / move / reach /get tobe in /at / be here /be there, begin / startbe on , openbe open , closebe closed, diebe dead , leavebe away（from）,go to schoolbe in school / be a student, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep , fall ill

18、be ill, get to knowknow, losebe lost, becomebe, return / come back / get backbe back, joinbe in / be amember, join the armybe in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letterhave a letter , catch / get a coldhave a cold, begin to studystudy, 他參軍已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（錯）改為

19、:He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.He joined the army three years ago.It is three years since he joined the army.Three years has passed since he joined the army.（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He our

20、 village since two years ago.（2）He left home three days ago=He home for 3 days.（3）I bought the watch 2 weeks ago=I the watch since 2 weeks ago.（4）It is 5 days since I borrowed the book=I the book for 5 days.（5）The film has begun= The film for half an hour.（6）I got to know him 10 years ago=I him for

21、10 years.（7）There is a factory=There a factory for 20 years.（8）Our school opened in 1960=Our school since 1960.七、現在完成時中應注意的幾個問題1. have been to 和have gone to的區別 have been to 強調“去過”,現已不在那里,如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次.（過去“到美國”,現在已“不在美國”）have gone to主要強調的是“去了”,現在人不在說話的現場,如：-Where&

22、#39;s your mother? -你媽媽在哪?-She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫院了.2. have been to 和have been in的區別 have been to強調人“已回到原地”,后面可接表示“次數”的狀語. She has been to Shanghai only once.-How many times has he been there? -He's been there many times.have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間,現仍在那里”,其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語. They hav

23、e been at the bus stop for half an hour.他們在車站呆了半小時.（現在仍然在車站）We have been in Xi'an for two weeks.我們在西安呆了兩個多星期.（現仍在西安）How long have they been in China?他們在中國呆了多長時間了?（仍在中國）八、如何通過與一般過去時做比較,進一步掌握現在完成時?一般過去時和現在完成時的動作都發生在過去,但意義卻不同.（1）一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態,和現在不發生關系.現在完成時表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響,強調的是現在.如:I learned

24、ten English songs（說明過去學過,現在是否記得,不是本句的內容）I have learnt ten English songs.（learn發生在過去,但強調我現在懂英語歌曲）I cleaned the blackboard half an hour ago.（只說明“擦”和其發生的時間）I have cleaned the blackboard.（說明現在黑板是干凈的）The teacher has written some new words on the blackboard（黑板上現在有單詞）The teacher wrote some new words on the

25、 blackboard（黑板上現在沒有單詞）（2）一般過去時可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday, last year, three days ago, just now, 等.現在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用,其時間狀語可以是since,for , just, ever, never, before, already, yet , so far, all ones life等八、規則動詞的過去分詞和它的過去式相同,即在原形后加ed（d）.已學近80個不規則動詞的過去分詞約有半數也和它的過去式相同,分類如下,利于記憶:1) 原形中的元音字母有變化:get-got-got,

26、 sit sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spat shine shone- shonefind- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung2) 原形中的輔音字母有變化:make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-builtsend-sent-sent lend- len

27、t- lent spend-spent-spent 3) 在原形后加t或d:spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant hear-heard-heardpay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid 4) 原形中的元音字母和輔音字母都有變化:feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt spelt keep-kept-keptsleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept

28、leave-left-left sell-sold-sold tell-told-told catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-boughtbring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn5) 與原形相同:hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-readset-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut還有些不規則動

29、詞的過去分詞與過去式不相同,為便于記憶,也分類如下:1)原形中的元音字母有變化:ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swumbegin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk2) 在原形上加en:eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- writtenbe-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten3)在原形上加n:see-saw-seen give-gave

30、-given drive-drove-driven take-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistaken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown4)在過去式上加n:steal-stole-stolen break-brokenbroken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken 6) 與原行相同:come-came-co

31、me run-ran-run become-became-become7) 原形、過去式和過去分詞都不相同的:do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain個別動詞有兩個過去式和過去分詞,一個為規則變化,另一個為不規則變化:learn-learned-learned shined-shined smell smelled-smelledlearnt-learnt shine shone-shone smelt-smeltwake -waked-waked spelled-spelledwoke-woken spell -spelt sp

32、elt【典型例題】1. Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?  No, I _ it for two years. A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 2. His grandfather _ for over two years. A. has died B. has been dead C. has dead D. died 3.Uncle Li can speak English very well because he

33、_ England for 5 years. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has come to D. has been in4. Where is Mr. Zhang? He _ London.A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to5. _ to the United States? No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D.

34、 Will you go 6. I havent seen you _ last Friday. A. for B. since C. from D. on7. John, you _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play 8.I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket. A. l

35、ost B. dont lose C. have lost D. will lostExercise: Fill in the blanks with the right verb tense:1. It （rain）for a week.2. I dont know this woman. I （meet, never）her.3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I （see, already）the film.4. We （finish, not）our homework yet. Will you wait a minute?5. John （come, not）ye

36、t. He will be back in a minute.6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he （be）there ten times.7. Wheres John? He just （go）to the teachers office.8. She （study）English since she was ten. She （begin）to study English when she was ten.9. Jim isnt here. He （go）to the library. He （go）there an hour ag

37、o.10. He （travel, never）on a train in her life.11. I （buy）the bike two weeks ago. I （have）this bike since the beginning of this month. I （have）it for two weeks.12. Great changes （take place）in those villages in the last ten years, Great changes （take place, also）in my hometown in the last ten years.

38、13. How many times you （phone）me these days? You （phone）me this morning?14. Tom cant get into the room because he （lost）the key to the door.15. I （look）for the dictionary, but I （find not）it yet.16. the new programmes （start）yet?No, they （plan,still）18. We （live）in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We （li

39、ve）for 10 years.19. They cant go with us. They （finish, not）the work yet.20. You （change, not ）your mind, havent you?21.We must pay for the library book if we （lost）it.22. He has already finished his homework.（改為否定句）He finished his homework .23. I hear your father （be）to Japan once.Yes. He （go）there

40、 last year.24. When you （buy）the book?I （have）it for two weeks.25. Such a thing （happen, never）in the village before.現在完成時態1have / has +done,請注意與一般過去式的區別I have already worked out this math problem? (改為否定句) I worked out the math problem .He has already finished the book.(改一般疑問句并做肯定否定回答)  he

41、 the book ? Yes, he . No, he .I have got a book. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答)  you a book? Yes, I . No, I .He has got a book. (改一般疑問句并做肯定和否定回答) he a book? yes, he .No, he .You have done your homework, you ?(改為反意疑問句)He has never been abroad, he? (改為反意疑問句)We have got little milk, we? (改為反意疑問句)Jim has got a

42、pen. Lucy has got a pen too.(改為同義句) Jim has got a pen, Lucy.I think you never (hear) such a thing.you (know) where your sister has (go)?I think you (be) all right soon.If you (lose) a book, you (pay ) for it.I (tell) you about the accident as soon as I (finish) the work. you ( read) the book yet?Tom

43、 just (find) his cat.He (not see) the film yet. So he see) it this evening.I (have) my lunch already.You (find) your lost book? Yes, I (find) it hours ago.You neednt tell him about it. I already (tell) him about it. -Have you ever (be) to Tibet?-Yes, I . -when you there?(go) -Three weeks ago.-Jim, y

44、ou (write) a letter to your aunt? -yes,I (write) it just now.Have you (return) the ladder yet? No, not .I (return) it soon.I (有) the book Harry Potter.So far, I (not get) a letter from him.Until now, she already (write) three books.In the past few years, we (build) a lot of buildings.In two or three years, the city (become) the most beautiful one in China.This is the first time I (visit) the Grea