1、非謂語動詞錯誤例析(一)英語中的非謂語動詞是高考的語言重點， 是歷屆高考試題中的必考內容， 也是中學生在 校學習英語的過程中深感棘手的難點。下面是學生經常出錯的非謂語動詞的一些例子。【例 1】 W It took her two hours finishing her homework.R It took her two hours to finish her homework.【例 2】 W It is no use to regret what has been done.R It is no use regretting what has been done.【分析】 不定式 ,動名詞均

2、可以用作句子的主語 .其區別不大 ,常可互換 .但在某些句型中的主 語用動名詞 (例 2),某些句型中主語永不定式 (例 1)都屬于習慣用法 ,一般不宜互換。【例 3】 W Most of the students enjoy to read novels.R Most of the students enjoy reading novels.【例 4】 W He always refuses doing what he is unwilling to.R He always refuses to do what he is unwilling to.【分析】不定式 ,動名詞均可以作賓語。但并

3、非每個及物動詞后都可以接不定式或者都能解 動名詞。要根據各個動詞的搭配結構選定不定式活動名詞。1. 某些動詞后既可以接不定式又可以接動名詞,其意義差別不大 ,可以互換。 這類動詞有 :like love hate dislike begin start continue 等。例: She likes playing(to play ) chess in her spare time.Nobody can bear to be laughed (being laughed) at in public.2. 某些及物動詞后只能接不定式作賓語 ,不能接動名詞作賓語如 (例 4)。這類動詞有 :hop

4、e, offer, help, expect, learn, demand, decide, refuse, ask, prepare, plan, choose, manage, pretend, fail, wish, agree 等。例 :She pretended me when I passed by. (MET 89.34)A. not to see B. Not seeingC. To not seeD. Having not seen (A)We agreed here but so far she hasn' t turned up yet. (NMET95.19 )

5、A. learn B. To learnC. LearnedD. Learning (B)3. 某些及物動詞后只能跟動名詞作賓語,不能跟不定式作賓語如( 例 3)。這類動詞有 :mind, suggest, avoid, excuse, finish, allow, admit, resist, miss, enjoy, consider, imagine, advise, permit, prevent, delay, appreciate, give up, put off, feel like, consist on, can ' t help 等。I would appreci

6、ate back this afternoon. (MET92.18)A.you to callB. you callC. your callingD. you ' re calling (C)People couldn ' t help _ the foolish emperor in the procession. (MET83.20) A. laugh atB. to laugh atC. laughing atD. laughing on (C)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . (MET87.38)A.catchi

7、ng B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch (C)【例 5】 W Nobody was allowed smoking here. R Nobody was allowed to smoke here.【分析】某些動詞如 : allow permit forbid advise continue 等后面必須接動名詞作賓語，但也 可以接不定式的復合賓語。本句為被動語態，后面的非謂語動詞為不足語。Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. (NMET93.34)A to i

8、nventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented(C)4. 某些動詞或詞組后接動名詞主動形式表被動意義。這類動詞有：need want require beworth 等。 What do you think of the book?(MET89) Oh, excellent. It ' s worth a second time.A. to read B. to be readC. readingD. being read (C)5. 某些動詞如： remember forget regret try 后接動名詞，表示動

9、名詞的動作已經發生。接 不定式表示動作未出現。She didn ' t remember him before. (MET88.26)A. having metB. have met C. meetD. to having met (A) The light in the office is still on. (MET91.35) Oh, I forgot .A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off (C) You were brave enough to raise objecti

10、ons at the meeting.(NMET95.26) Well, now I regret that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done (D)【例 6】 W She left here without to tell anybody.R She left here without telling anybody.【例 7】 W I have no idea of what doing next. R I have no idea of what to do next.【分析】介詞一般由動名詞充當如例6。但某些介

11、詞如： of on about 后可接一個帶疑問詞的不定式短語作賓語。如例 7.Last summer I took a course on . (MET90.22)A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be madeC.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made (A)How about the two of us a walk down the garden? (NMET93.17)A. to takeB. takeC. taking D. to be taking (C)【例 8】 W There w

12、as an old man lived in the village.R There was an old man living in the village.【例 9】 W The bicycle having stolen last week hasn ' t been found.R The bicycle stolen last week hasn ' t been found.【例 10】 W The building completed next week will be used as a library. R The building to be complet

13、ed next week will be used as a library.【分析】分詞，不定式均可以作定語。現在分詞作定語與被修飾名詞在邏輯上為主謂關系。 如例 8。Do you know the boy under the tree? (MET89.16 )A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying (D) There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light.A followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed (B)【分析】及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，

14、與被修飾名詞在邏輯上為動賓關系。如例9。Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.(MET90.28)A. invitedB. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited (A)【分析】不定式作定語，表將來，現在分詞表進行，過去分詞表被動、完成。如例10。The first test-books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16thcentury.(NMET94.34)A. having

15、writtenB. to be written C. being written D.written (D)非謂語動詞錯誤例析(二)【例 11】 W Being seriously ill, he sent his mother to hospital.R being seriously ill, his mother was sent to hospital. 【例 12】 W Not knowing to the people here, he introduced himself first.R Not known to the people here, he introduced hi

16、mself first. 【分析】分詞作狀語，必須與句子的主語發生邏輯上的關系， 一般情況下， 現在分詞作狀語， 句子主語必須是現在分詞的發出者。如例11。過去分詞作狀語，句子主語必須是過去分詞動作的承受者，如例 12。_ more attention the trees could have grown better.(MET90.33) A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given (A)The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.(MET91.3

17、3)A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing (B)例 13】 W Doing his homework, he began to watch TV .R Having done his homework, he began to watch TV. 分析】當分詞動作先于謂語動詞發生時，分詞應用完成式。 _ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92.39)A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not receiv

18、ed (C)【例 14】 W The train started off Tianjin at 8 o 'clock,reaching Beijing station 4 hours later. R The train started off Tianjin at 8 o ' clock and reached Beijing station 4 hours latter.【分析】現在分詞表進行或常存狀態，瞬間動詞不宜用于現在分詞的一般式作狀語。She set out soon after dark_ home an hour later.(NMET94.18)A.arriv

19、ing B.to arrive C.having arrived D.and arrived (D)【例 15】 W Not to know what to do, he came up to ask for help.R Not knowing what to do, he came up to ask for help.【分析】 不定式、 分詞均可作狀語， 但功用不同。 不定式表目的， 結果；分詞表原因、 方式、 伴隨情況等。The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoy

20、ed his stay here.(NMET94.32)A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added (C)例 16】 W This problem is very difficult to deal.R This problem is very difficult to deal with.【分析】在“主語+ be+ adj. +不定式”的句型中，主語在邏輯上往往為不定式的賓語，因 此當不定式為不及物動詞時，常在不定式后加上適當的介詞。The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortab

21、le to _.(MET88.29)A.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat on (B)這種情況同樣適用于作定語的不定式。We had little to eat,onlu a cold room to live in. Children in new China have nothing to worry about.【例 17】 W The boy was noticed take away your book.R The boy was noticed to take away your book. 【分析】在主動語態中，使役動詞和感官動詞后接不定式作賓補時，要省去不

22、定式符號to，但在被動結構中一定要添上to。John was made_ the track for a week as a punishment.(MET91.39)A.to washB.washingC.washD.to be washing(A)Paul doesn't have to be made_.He always works hard.(NMET95.11) A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning (B)【例 18】 W The thief was caught to steal a lady ' s wallet.R The thief was caught stealing a lady's wallet. 【分析】不定式和現在分詞可以作賓補。現在分詞表示進行，不定式則表示動作的完結。The missing boys were seen_ near the river.(NMET94.25)A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(A)【例 19】 W The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed.R The girl