1、purpose s ofpe ople servantand the n raceagai nsttimeto pore over.Aslongas thestudyofmind,itis notne cessary to come to theli brary,w orkshops, int o thevillage s,pe ople learne d farmingtechniques,probl em-solving methods,participation inhon pe ople ofdee,pfeelings, heaurtDepartment masse,sofleadin

2、gvisite dtea, caremassesofemotionsthoughtscom plained,always insi sted putmasscare, andmostoblemgrabbed,realdo loveforpeople byDepartment,conspiracy tonotinsistyourdream,withoutserenship andvillagedirectl y,andmost reality ofinterests prind, establi sha corre ctviewpointand pri nci ple combi ned up,

3、 putsuperi or ofspir itand l ocal reality combi ned up, ong conspiracyt o breakthr oug hof poli cy,and exer cisei nnovati onof lift,devel oped out devel opme ntworks of,and grass -root swelcomes of第一節(jié) 走進(jìn)物理世界大門一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)要求1. 知道基礎(chǔ)物理由力學(xué)、熱學(xué)、聲學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)等。初步了解物質(zhì)世界有宏觀、微觀、宇觀三個(gè)層次。2. 經(jīng)歷閱讀、思考、討論，并動(dòng)手做一系列簡易的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，初步體會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)

4、物理與其他學(xué)科的不同方法。3. 對物質(zhì)世界產(chǎn)生神秘感，對物理學(xué)產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣和探索的欲望，初步認(rèn)識(shí)“沒有物理學(xué)就沒有現(xiàn)代文明”的道理。二、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)本節(jié)重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生了解物理學(xué)的三大社會(huì)功能。難點(diǎn)是使學(xué)生體會(huì)到物理學(xué)在素質(zhì)教育中的特殊性。三、 教學(xué)過程1. 情景創(chuàng)設(shè)讓學(xué)生自己閱讀課文.2. 討論交流與實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)教師再圍繞什么是物理學(xué)，物理學(xué)的研究對象是什么這些問題，廣泛應(yīng)用生活中的器材開展實(shí)驗(yàn):（ 1 ）要求每個(gè)學(xué)生用紙片和橡皮做落體運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。（ 2）學(xué)生用雙手摩擦，或用手來回與鉛筆摩擦，感受機(jī)械能變成熱能的過程。（ 3）摩擦帶電實(shí)驗(yàn)。（ 4）利用教室中的電器，演示電的現(xiàn)象等。通過上述身邊實(shí)驗(yàn)，引

5、出物理學(xué)中力、熱、聲、光、電的不同內(nèi)容。并為引出物理學(xué)廣泛研究領(lǐng)域作準(zhǔn)備。3. 介紹宇觀世界、微觀世界及其基本觀測方法。結(jié)合教材中的教材上圖1-1-1 、圖 1-1-2 、圖 1-1-3 及圖 1-1-4 進(jìn)行介紹，主要著眼于說明物理學(xué)的研究范圍: 力學(xué)、熱學(xué)、電磁學(xué)、光學(xué)、原子學(xué)。說明: 宇觀世界的觀測需要望遠(yuǎn)鏡與探測器，而微觀世界的觀測與研究使用各種顯微鏡、粒子加速器即可。教師也可以針對哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡、 “勇氣號(hào)”火星探測器等一些較為新奇的內(nèi)容略作展開。4. 用圖片、資料、多媒體，聯(lián)系學(xué)生身邊的事實(shí)以及家居生活的現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備，讓學(xué)生談?wù)剬Α拔锢韺W(xué)是改變世界的科學(xué)”這一論斷的初步認(rèn)識(shí)。5. 介

6、紹一些科學(xué)家的事跡6. 作業(yè) :1. 回家與爸爸媽媽一起看物理書，討論什么是物理學(xué)？討論發(fā)生在家里的物理現(xiàn)象和物理學(xué)對社會(huì)進(jìn)步的主要作用。2寫一篇對物理學(xué)的初步認(rèn)識(shí)的小論文。3. 做一些小實(shí)驗(yàn) 靜電小實(shí)驗(yàn) 三原色陀螺onfere nces,learne dsuperi ors polici es;re ports, y ou canlear nto de alwith probl ems, art,just wantedtolearn,t o learnata ny time.To continuouslyexpa ndthe scope ofthestudy. The complexity

7、a nd compre hensivene ss ofourwork ,de cidedto notonly dow ewant tostroll, outside deve lopme nts, le arn otherexperience,concentratedtheyofwisdom,epeople's devel opmentspeciallyonmassech,a nd then come baoa c,a n en chope,and mostwork. Second,we m- 一一orries, a nd mostcomplaineustthi nk. "L

8、earg without thoughtto oversha dow, t hinki ngwithout le probl em, moretoa ctive research,cahecharacter of advancingork,often remai n "theolwith tahea d,oftenreflect t hemselvesina dapti ngtot he newsit uationon whetherthereare delays, have a nything t ofearint he reforma nd innovation, whetdge

9、 notonlyt ohave knowle dge to rationalana lysis.T his on re quireme ntswe,not onlyto learning nati onal ofroute, a nda ppr oach,and policy,alsoto lear ning nationaloflegal, andregulatiwappr oach would not" situati on, t hereason,t hekeyis that manypeopleknowthat copying ot herpe opl e's ide

10、 as, mechani cally,using someoneelse'ntofarelaxation,keequires us tobreaktheofmind.In order to doinveonal conce ptsto overcomeons;not onlytowith politi calthe or yarmed m ind, also to wit h economictheorygui dew ork; not onlytoread history,also to read history; not onlytoa bsorption SMof mirror,

11、also to gets isofroa d; notonlytofrom locallearn, alsototooutsidel earn; not onlytoto books lear n,also to fieldst udylear n.stigationsis t heroa dto heave n, Godconformist,good atfinding new problems adisposesofthebase. o wantst oreal heardtr uth, and justi cetotr uth,a nd gettruth,received effecti

12、vene ss, on m ust ino acceptnewthi ngs,summarizene wexperie nce , new i deas, devel opi ng new programmes andMaverick,a ne-depth act ual,a nd outreawapproa ch to solve problch,a nd in -de pth masses,ems,speed up development.Eworship massesfor Division,a ndmasses heart, with masses witspeciallyi n im

13、plement superior policyspirit ofprocessi n the,o extraordihe outside worl dwhen Ihave timetotake a lookat,take anderstand they ofmood,feeltheyof suffering, summarytheyof naryofcourage a nd developenter prising ofspirit, putflexibil ityejurisdictilittle my,at第二節(jié) 觀察物質(zhì)世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 認(rèn)識(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)的普遍性，物質(zhì)世界是一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的世界。

14、了解物質(zhì)世界幾種常見的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，對每種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式能舉出一些典型例子，初步知道它們和我們的生產(chǎn)、生活的關(guān)2. 通過回憶、聯(lián)想生活中大量運(yùn)動(dòng)，觀察圖片、演示實(shí)驗(yàn)、多媒體或動(dòng)手做一些簡單實(shí)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷認(rèn)識(shí)不同形式物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程，知道觀察研究不同物體運(yùn)動(dòng)要用不同的方 法。3. 通過對物質(zhì)世界運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀察，知道物質(zhì)世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)多樣性，復(fù)雜性，形成關(guān)注物質(zhì)世界運(yùn)動(dòng)及其變化的意識(shí)。了解各種運(yùn)動(dòng)形式與人類的生產(chǎn)、生活和科學(xué)技術(shù)緊密聯(lián)系。初步認(rèn)識(shí)物理學(xué)的進(jìn)步與人類文明發(fā)展的關(guān)系。教學(xué)過程1. 導(dǎo)入: （談話）通過本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)，應(yīng)使每一個(gè)同學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)到物質(zhì)世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)形形色色，但是并不是每個(gè)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)大家都能認(rèn)識(shí)到，需要通過觀察，有

15、的是肉眼可以直接看到，但更多的是需要借助儀器（望遠(yuǎn)鏡或顯微鏡）進(jìn)行觀察，有的需要通過間接觀察和思考，才能知道它們的運(yùn)動(dòng)。這也是為什么本節(jié)的節(jié)名為“觀察物質(zhì)世界的運(yùn)動(dòng)”的考慮，希望能引起學(xué)生對周圍世界各種運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀察和研究的興趣。1 認(rèn)識(shí)物質(zhì)世界運(yùn)動(dòng)及運(yùn)動(dòng)的普遍性，滲透著運(yùn)動(dòng)的相對性。讓學(xué)生體會(huì)判斷物體靜止和運(yùn)動(dòng)不能憑感覺，需要有科學(xué)方法；判斷有些物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)如電磁波，熱運(yùn)動(dòng)，雖然人眼不能直接看到，但可以由電磁運(yùn)動(dòng)、分子熱運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的效應(yīng)間接地觀察。物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的絕對性、與靜止的相對性（舉例說明）2逐個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)基本運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。教師拿出香水，問：你們知道這是什么嗎？（不知道）教師再打開香水蓋噴，（學(xué)生回答：香水

16、）你怎么知道的？（聞到了香氣）香水在我手中，你們怎么會(huì)聞到？這說明了什么？香水分子在運(yùn)動(dòng)。再充分利用教材的彩圖，結(jié)合學(xué)生生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，讓學(xué)生通過自學(xué)、討論交流來進(jìn)行，進(jìn)一步鞏固學(xué)生對“分子熱運(yùn)動(dòng)”的認(rèn)識(shí)。開閉電燈、收音機(jī)、學(xué)生互打手機(jī)等來認(rèn)識(shí)電電磁運(yùn)動(dòng)。介紹聲的傳播、光的傳播等。這些是與學(xué)生們生活緊密相關(guān)的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。關(guān)于原子內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)與第一節(jié)介紹過的原子結(jié)構(gòu)是密不可分的，原子內(nèi)部有兩種不同運(yùn)動(dòng)：一種是核外電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如導(dǎo)體的導(dǎo)電是原子核最外層電子變成自由電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)，原子發(fā)光、煤、石油、有機(jī)物燃燒是核外價(jià)電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)；X 光、紅外線、激光都是核外內(nèi)層電子運(yùn)動(dòng)。另外一種是核內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，常見的是放射性現(xiàn)象，

17、放出“、3、丫三種射線。這三種射線對生命物質(zhì)都有殺傷作用，原子彈爆炸主要利用這三種射線形成殺傷力，核反應(yīng)堆為什么要筑起厚厚的防護(hù)層，就是防止這些射線影響人體健康，醫(yī)療上則用丫射線殺死殘害人體健康的癌細(xì)胞。difficult, nothating ; bluepri nts,not rhetori c; words a ndsim ple,but fulloflove,truth,pa ssi on, e ntrepre neuria l passion.Take thisopport unit y,myinspirati onal quotesLiDadepe ndstoalargeexten

18、t becauseofyour. Every body invillage chiefs a ndthe positions, bot hthe trust ofthemasse s, the Organizati on'str ust,morea bilityto you,fullyaffirmed themoral a一 一 I - 一 . I . . 一 一. I. I IL. . III_III, - - - I I - . IL. .II. . IIpurposeand thes ofpe ople servant does? w e more should alwayn r

19、aceagai nsttimeto pore over.Aslongas thestudys hold wit hon pe ople ofdeepfeelings, heartDe partment massesofleadingvisitedtea, care masseszhao'scl assic "iron spe cialise i n uplifting ble nd wit hthe article" gave everyone,with aview on howtodowellnd other qualitie s.Therefore,wemust

20、alwaysmaintainthehist oricalmission and social responsi _ -. .1 L _ .II - . J _II ,scom plained,always insi sted putmasses ofinterests put i n first,consciouslyfromitselfdoup, fromsmalldoundert henew situationoftow nship andvillage lea ders i nspireand hel p,and alsosharew ithyou.Agood playto bility

21、, andouri dealtree r ooted i n the hardw orkofthe soil,wit h indomitabl espirit ,indomitable courage to open一 - - -. >II - . I L _ -. I >II _I. . L -.- - .up,from masses mostcare, andmostdirectl y,andmost reality ofinterests problemgrabbed,realdo loveforcreateironshoul ders strong arms,toassum

22、e theburde n be paup a newsit uationofvillages a nd towns.To havea feeling.- I. > I - IIII -.-people byDepartment,and right for pe ople bywith, and Leeforssed;onlyspecific q ofclosene ss to thepeopleby conspiracy toqualitie s,willitbe possi ble i n specificarea s tocreateaw orld.In my view ,villa

23、gechiefsi n the ne wsituation,we mustfirsthave fivebasicthese cond. "T hepe ople and countr y."Our businessfoundati on int hepeople's bl oodint hepe opl e power pe opl e.Advanced decisions ofthecy to. Three wit h thefameof mind."Non-indifferentnotinsistyourdream,withoutsere nityno

24、t go far."Ascension tofame is moralitqualit y.Oneambiti onis to pi onee r. "Who is handsome." People only high-mindedcanstim ulate theflow ofmomentumto becomebrave andpersistent, becomequi et and powerful. Townshi p andvillage party "leaders",withintheir respectivejurisdicti

25、 ons, polit icalstability a nd e conomi cand socialdevel opme nt issues, deci sions andori entationparty ca drestothe feelings ofthe pe opl eis an eter naltheme. FanZhong-yan,called"first,and enjoycomfort aboutothers",Zhe ng Banqia o's alsowrotea " aChailaylisteni ng to therustli

26、ngofbamboo,t he suspect is suffering. Ca oCounty officials,little my,atotaltur n off."Oldoffeudalofficial evenhas so feelings, al one we isto"serving"forublimation of thesoul.AsTownship andvillage, be sure to maintai n anormalstate ofmind,establisha corre ctviewpoint on powe r,positio

27、na nd value s andOutlook,asfameis light likewater, depe ndi ng . 50km,also red a nd like hundre ds ofthousandsoftheKMT militarycombat, but he went onto colle cta varietyof ne wspa pers and magazi nes,三、發(fā)展空間（一） “家庭實(shí)驗(yàn)室”指導(dǎo)（ 1 ）觀察油滴在水面上運(yùn)動(dòng)（ 2）與媽媽討論做飯中的物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)形式onfere nces,learnestroll, outside devedsuperi o

28、rs polici es;reports, y ou canlear nto de alwith probl ems, art,just wantedtolearn,tlopme nts, le arn other people's devel opment approa ch,a nd then come ba ckto g uideour.II| - - - -I-o learnata ny time.Toand pri nci ple combidtheyofwisdom,eeopes eve opmen apprspeciallyonmasse s mostoa c,a n e

29、nhope,and mostcombi ned up, ong conspiracyturgent,and most wwork. Second,we m- 一一continuouslyexpaustthi nk. "Lear ning without thougL - .11.1- . -orries, a nd mostcom plaine d ofhot, anddifficultiesand focushtto oversha dow, t hinki ngwithout leprobl em, moretoactive research,caarningis perilou

30、s."Wewanttught notput.Daret-root swelcomes ofo innovate,ino fosterthecharacter of advancing -J一 ourw ork,often remaibe"professionals",or if"generalists", to dabbleinn "theolwith t he times,forged way doesn'twork, theneahea d,oftenreflect t-I -hemselvesinadapti ngtot

31、 he newsit uationon whethertwappr oach would not" situati on, t hereason,t hekeyis that manyherearepeopleknowthatdelays, have a nything tofearint he reformacopying ot herpe opl e's ide as, mechanind innovation, whet- _cally,eelse'heri n termsofa ccel erating the devel opme.I. - -II- . I

32、 I .sold ways.a cce era ng e eve opmeTochang ethis predi cament,rentofarelaxation,kee一. . IL .ppr omisingStaten o areaxa on, ee ppr omsng ae quires us to breakthe shackles oftraditiofmind.Inorder todoinvepoliti calthe or yarmed mind,alh economictheoryguiTherefore,Iwould encourageyou,andmore to the o

33、utside worl dwhen Ihave timetotake a lonal conce ptsto overcomeworship massesfor Division,a ndmasses heart, with masses wit h discussion everyone care ofpr oblem,li ste ning they of call s,understand they ofmood,feeltheyof suffering, summarytheyofspeciallyi n implement superior policyspirit ofproces

34、si n the, bot himplementati on, a nd cannot me chanically,tot o extraordi naryofcourage a nd developenter prising ofspirit, putflexibil ityned up, putsuperi or ofspir itand l ocal realityo breakthr oug hof poli cy,and exer cisei nnovati onof lift,developed out devel opme ntworks of,and grassIMI miia

35、，cmIa, Iut h- -t on to cH ct a vai-，of n- -pa p-s ad maggzi nns,nglit rcegv y-Theee u -.sc sr a a-und- t h- new -.、. v、-lr i nsi- ad h- p, ad .sr.- - ih you. A good pay toand ou i d . rootid Ini- hard - I rk of th- rl thi.mial - rpii, idmi- cuag- tmarls mosca- and most di-cl y and mortr ISof i- pr &

36、quot;.ab-d -a do Iv- fr-ion sou d-r rtongamr, 1 - th- burr- n I- paop-up a n- S uain of vlglr a nd tr. Io hav- aff-igp-p- I，D-am-t and r.l t frp- op- I， t, ad I I- frr-d； ony s-ic quai- r。，i I- posS I - i n s-cic ara r to c-a-a - o-In m，Vi , ” ci-r i nth- n- - riuain, muS is ha Ia of - tt- r- cnd&qu

37、ot;l h-p-p - ad cut ，" Our Ii- - foundai - p-op-r Iood it* h- p- opl - po- p- I pl - .-dlciSonr of t-p-p- I， consia，t.Ihrr- -1 ht-ffm-of mid "Nonidf-tnot inSS，u d-0, -1hout r- ni，not go fa."s-I Son t am- ir moai，ir th-_ai ，. O-amIitpa， drs tt-f - igrir t pi onn- l. "Wo shandrm-.&

38、quot; P-l- on，highmindd ca Sim ua- t-fl- I f mom-ttmto I-cm-Ia - and p-Sof th- p- opl - S a r nal thm- Fa Zong，a, Bd IS, a d - jo, cmfort aIou ot-rr",Z- ng “nda I S aS-ot- a "nrhi ad vitg-I- >u- t maita n a normal Sa- of mid, istalS a cr- ct v-oit onpo r pooiina nd vau-s-t I-cm- qu- adp

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40、ain otl tu n of."Odof ffuda offcia -v-hhs ro f-igr, a on - s t" r-vig "fr第三節(jié)認(rèn)識(shí)物質(zhì)世界的能量一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 知道一切物體都是有能量，不同運(yùn)動(dòng)形式對應(yīng)不同能量。初步了解光能、機(jī)械能、內(nèi)能、電能、化學(xué)能和核能等能量形式。知道各種能量之間可以轉(zhuǎn)化，初步懂得利用能量的過程就是不同能量之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化的過程。2. 通過聯(lián)系生活，觀察教材圖片，讓學(xué)生們自己來認(rèn)識(shí)常見的這些能量形式。通過觀察、討論分析初步認(rèn)識(shí)不同能量之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。3. 通過物質(zhì)世界不同運(yùn)動(dòng)和能量形式的認(rèn)識(shí)，尤其對能量轉(zhuǎn)化利用的認(rèn)識(shí)，使

41、學(xué) 生們對大千世界有一個(gè)概括的具體的認(rèn)識(shí)，拉近了物理與學(xué)生之間的距離，感到物理學(xué) 就在身邊，物理學(xué)與我們?nèi)祟惿睢⑸a(chǎn)、社會(huì)發(fā)展有著十分密切的關(guān)系。二、教學(xué)過程1 .讓學(xué)生們閱讀課文，然后討論下列問題我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常聯(lián)系著哪些能量？學(xué)生們自己說說每天生活中至少應(yīng)有哪些能量？我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪邢牡哪芰渴窃趺崔D(zhuǎn)化的，即什么能轉(zhuǎn)化成什么能？如果世界上突然沒有電能，整個(gè)社會(huì)將會(huì)怎么樣？沒有光能這個(gè)世界又將如何？怎樣認(rèn)識(shí)能源技術(shù)革命與人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步的關(guān)系？2 .教師小結(jié)，并認(rèn)識(shí)能量的轉(zhuǎn)化(1)點(diǎn)燃火柴，觀察光能、內(nèi)能和化學(xué)能及其互相轉(zhuǎn)化。(2)啟閉教室內(nèi)電燈、演示電能、光能和能內(nèi)及互相轉(zhuǎn)化。(3)雙手摩擦

42、或手捋鉛筆體驗(yàn)機(jī)械能、內(nèi)能及互相轉(zhuǎn)化。三、發(fā)展空間指導(dǎo)1. 觀察自己家里的家用電器的能量轉(zhuǎn)化，填寫下表洗衣機(jī)電燈熱水器電扇電視音響電話電能變成其他能量形式2 .將一細(xì)鐵絲，來回反復(fù)彎折，可以折斷鐵絲，這時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)鐵線是否燙手，分析一下 這個(gè)過程能量轉(zhuǎn)化。3 .社會(huì)調(diào)查：(1)市場有一種新型手電筒，不需要電池，晃幾下就可以照明。(2)一種玩具塑料球，從高空落地彈起就可以閃出彩光。通過這些活動(dòng)讓同學(xué)們感受不同能 量之間的轉(zhuǎn)化。and the n raceagai nsttimeto pore over.Aslongas thestudyofmind,itis notne cessary to come

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45、 pers and magazi nes,第二章 走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室第 1 節(jié)：學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)探究一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)要求1. 認(rèn)識(shí)到測量是實(shí)驗(yàn)探究的重要環(huán)節(jié)。知道科學(xué)探究的一般步驟，了解安排這些步驟的原因。2. 觀察一些典型的物理現(xiàn)象，初步了解觀察的科學(xué)方法。通過觀察常用實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器，認(rèn)識(shí)到測量工具對探究式學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。3. 激發(fā)學(xué)生初步的探究意識(shí)和對探究的渴望，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對科學(xué)的求知欲望。讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到物理與生活的密切聯(lián)系，使學(xué)生樂于探索自然現(xiàn)象和日常生活中的物理緣由。二、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)是讓學(xué)生對科學(xué)探究活動(dòng)形成一個(gè)概貌性的認(rèn)識(shí)，提高學(xué)生對物理的興趣。難點(diǎn)在于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生從生活中尋找物理現(xiàn)象，探索物理規(guī)律的意識(shí)。認(rèn)識(shí)“家庭

46、實(shí)驗(yàn)室”的重要性。三、教學(xué)過程（ 1 ）參觀實(shí)驗(yàn)室要求學(xué)生明確走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室有兩大任務(wù)：觀察奇妙的物理現(xiàn)象和了解實(shí)驗(yàn)室的儀器、設(shè)施。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室，還應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生參觀實(shí)驗(yàn)室的各種儀器、設(shè)施，特別是要認(rèn)識(shí)各種常用的測量儀器，為今后學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)探究做準(zhǔn)備。對這些儀器可以觀看使學(xué)生感受物理實(shí)驗(yàn)的氛圍，消除對儀器的神秘感。（ 2）認(rèn)識(shí)科學(xué)探究的基本要素教師講故事：某個(gè)星期天，伽利略在比薩大教堂驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，房頂上掛著的吊燈因?yàn)轱L(fēng)吹而不停地有節(jié)奏地?cái)[動(dòng)。他想，脈搏的跳動(dòng)是有規(guī)律的，可用來計(jì)時(shí)。于是他一面按 著脈搏，一面注視著燈的擺動(dòng)。不錯(cuò)，燈每往返擺動(dòng)一次的時(shí)間基本相同。這使他 又產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)疑問；假如吊燈受到強(qiáng)風(fēng)吹動(dòng)，擺

47、得高了一些，它每次擺動(dòng)的時(shí)間還 是一樣嗎？伽利略把鐵塊固定在繩的一端掛起來，再把鐵塊拉到不同高度讓它開始擺動(dòng)，仍用脈搏細(xì)心地測定擺動(dòng)的時(shí)間。結(jié)果表明每次擺動(dòng)的時(shí)間仍然相同。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明他的想法是正確的，即“不論擺動(dòng)的幅度大些還是小些，完成一次擺動(dòng)的時(shí)間是一樣的”。 這就是物理學(xué)中擺的等時(shí)性原理。后來，人們對擺動(dòng)繼續(xù)深入研究，不僅進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)了擺的周期與擺長間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系，onfere nces,learne dsuperi ors polici es;re ports, y ou canlear nto de alwith probl ems, art,just wantedtolearn,t

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