1、動詞v-ing形式的基本概念1 .動詞-ing形式的構成：是在動詞末尾加-ing形式構成，因此又叫動詞的 -ing 形式。如:do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式:not+ -ing構成2 .動詞-ing形式不能單獨作謂語，沒有人稱和數的變化，但可以有自 己的賓語和狀語，還有時態和語態的變化。DoingBeing doneHaving doneHaving been done3 .動詞-ing形式由動詞加-ing變化而成，它同時具有名詞和動詞的特 征，在句中可以作主語、賓語等。Not doingNot being doneNot having don

2、eNot having been doneBook4 Unit2動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語I.動詞v-ing形式做主語1 .動詞v-ing形式可直接置于句首作主語。表示 經常的、習慣性的動作或狀態，謂語動詞通常用 單數。如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.Watching news on TV has become a routine（日 常習慣）for me.Learning about a language is easier than using it.2 .為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞it作形式 主

3、語，而把真正的主語放在句末，可以作表語的 只能是某些形容詞或少數名詞，如useful, useless, good, fun, no use, worthwhile 等It is no use crying over spilt milk . 作無益的 后悔是沒有用的。 It is uselesstrying to argue（ 爭辯）with Shylock（夏洛克，人名）. It's fun jumping into cool water in hotsummer. It's good using your head often .3.動詞-ing形式作主語的常用it作形式

4、主語的 句型有： It +be +a waste（浪費）of time doing 做是浪費時間的 It is/was no good/use doing 做是沒用處的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There is/was no point（意義）doing 干 無意義 There is no sense in doing 做沒有道理 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得There is no doing 無法;不允許There is/was no use doing 干無意義There is/wa

5、s nothing worse than doing 沒有比 更糟的e.g. There was no knowing where we would go.我 們不知道要去哪兒。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.做這 件傻事毫無意義。It's no good talking to him.和他談話是沒有用的。 It's worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。 It ' s worthwhile making teefort（努力）. Is it any good trying to expl

6、ain?It 'aswaste 0ftime（浪費時間）talking about such a useless thing.dangerous swimming in tha son windy（有風的）days. It is worthwhile （值得）discussing（M 論）thequestion.H動詞-ing形式作賓語動名詞作賓語有兩種情況：及物動詞的賓語，也 可作介詞的賓語口1 .動詞-ing形式既可作及物動詞的賓語只能用-ing形式作賓語的動詞。這類動詞只能 用-ing形式作賓語，不能用不定式作賓語。 I suggest（建議）doing it in a diff

7、erent way.They admitted（承認）smoking/having smoked in the hall（在大廳里）.I can 'avoid（逃避）going.我不能不去。 Have you considered looking for one specialfriend? We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake.（重復同樣的錯誤） Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?People couldn hetp（忍不住）laughing foolish

8、man.只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞：admit（承認）;appreciate感激）;avoid（避免）；resist（抵制）；keep（保持）；consider（考慮）;delay（耽 擱）;dislike（討厭，不喜歡）；practice（練習）； mention（提及）;enjoy（喜歡）;escape避免）；excuse（M諒）；risk（冒險）;mind（介意）；fancy（想不到）；feel like（喜歡，想，意欲）;finish（完 成）；miss（錯過）;include（包括）；記憶口訣考慮建議盼原、一際，承認推遲沒得想，避免錯過繼續練，否認完成停享賞，不禁介意準逃亡，

9、不準冒險憑想 象。consider, suggest / advise, look forward to , excuse,pardon admit, delay /put off , fancyavoid, miss, keep /keep on , practisedeny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciatecan ' t helpmind, allow/ permit , escapeforbid , risk , imagineO以下的動詞后面加動詞的不定式作賓語：decide , hope, expect , seem, agree, affo

10、rd, arrange, choose, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend,need, require, want作 需要"解時，后面接動詞-ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式，意 義上并無差別，但用動詞-ing形式比較普通 Your composition（作文）needs correcting 修改） / to be corrected. His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned的夕卜套 需要洗了。The radio

11、needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired.有些動詞或詞組后可帶動名詞或不定式作 賓語，但意義上有所不同.既可接動名詞又可接 不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：begin, start, continue "ike Jove, prefer)by)mean, forget) remember)hate 等。第一種情況：在 like ? love, hate, prefer 等動 詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同， 只是側重點有些不同，動名詞表示泛指的動作， 不定式表示具體的一次性動作。 I like to eat s

12、ome fish./ l like eating fish. He hates to dance./ He hates dancing.第二種情況：在 begin/start, continue之后)用 動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區別，尤其是當主語 是人的時候。 It began to rain. / It began raining. The children started to sing./ The children started singing.第三種情況：在動詞 forget, remember, regret 之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示 動作先于謂語發生，不定式表示

13、后于謂語動作， 如：Groupl. regret doing 對所做的事感到后悔 regret to do(tell/ say/ speak/ inform ) 對要做的事表示遺憾I regret missing the report 我真后悔沒趕上那次報告會。 I regret to say I can建議）.Group2. remember doing示記起來”remember to do't take yoirOViCe勺講的是過去的事，表講的是將來的事，表示不要忘記” I remember posting the letter 我記得我已把信 寄了。I ' ll rem

14、ember to post tHetter.我會記著去寄信 的。Group3. forget doing 忘記以前曾做過的事 forget to do忘記要做某事 I shall never forget seeing the famous write rDon t forget to write to your mother Group4. go on doing繼續做同一件事。go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另 外一件事Group5. mean doing 意味著要有一個結果mean to do想要做某事Group6. stop doing停止正在做的事stop to do停止

15、原來做的事，開始做另一 件事Group7. try doing 試做某事try to do設法做某事Group8. be / get/ feel/ become used to doing 習 慣于做某事be used to do被用來做某事Group9. can't help doing禁不住做某事can't help (to)do不能幫助做某事2.作介詞賓語。動詞-ing形式作介詞賓語大都和 一些固定搭配有關。常見的幾種搭配形式有： A.介詞+動名詞， We like his way of teaching English. 我們喜歡 他教英語的方式。After being

16、 away for several years, it is a strange experience 線歷）to return to the hometown. Insteadof smiling, each of them made a face（t了怪臉）.B.動詞+介詞+動名詞，如： What prevented/stop/ keep（阻止）you from joining us last night?I apologize（道歉）to you for being so angry with you. I have no difficulty in communicating with

17、 foreigners（外國人交談）. I insist on（堅持）taking proper food fort his expedition（出彳亍）. She was very interestedn working for our company價司）.C. to既可以是介詞，也可以是不定式符號，在 使用中比較容易混淆。若是不定式符號，to后接 動詞原形；若是介詞，to后需接動詞-ing形式。You must get used to（習慣于）washing your face with cold water.He is looking forward to（ 盼望）seeing yo

18、u this summer vacation（暑假）.下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing 形式:devote oneself to（獻身于）,object to（反對）,pay attention to（注意）,get down to（著手做）,lead to（導致），look forward to（盼望）， stick to（堅持）,be/ get/ feel/ become used to（習慣）, put one's mind to（全神貫注于）等。（be relatedto 與有關 be given to 沉溺于 give rise to弓 I起 be equa

19、l to 勝任 be opposed to 反對）Practicel.用括號內動詞的適當形式填空1. If you can keep（read） English newspapers, your English will be improved.2. He has promised（come） to my birthday party.3. I hate（tell） lies!4. I will never forget（go） to Beijing with him last summer.5. I forgot（tell） her the news; so she knew nothing

20、 about it.Practice2.把下列句子翻譯成英語（用動詞 v-ing形式）1.出國旅行是很激動人心的。2在這兒等是沒用的，我們走吧。A. liveB. livingC. to liveD. to living3我記得在哪里見過他4我后悔沒聽你的勸告。5幫助別人就是幫助你自己。Practice3.語法同步練習1. I think it no use a lotA. talking, doingC. talked, doing2. He was praised forA. helpwithout anything.B. to talk, doD. talking, being done

21、 the little girl out of the river.B. to helpC. having helpedD. being helped3. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone, but she didn ' t like it and moved back home.（08年湖南卷）A. livingB. to liveC. to be livingD. having lived4. He was lucky that he escaped.A. to punishB. being

22、 punishedC. punishingD. to be punished5. I didn ' t feel like, so I suggested a walk.A. to work, to takeB. working, takingC. to work, takingD. working, take6. I have not got used in the center of the city.7. When I heard the hero s report, I could not helpA. to be movedB. being movedC. movingD.

23、to move8. This problem has been settled. It any more.A. needs discussingB. needs to be discussedC. needn ' t being discussedD. doesn ' t need discussing9. Can you imagine alone on a lonely island?A. to live B. living C. live D. yourself to live10. They are quiet, aren ' t they?Yes, They

24、are accustomed（習慣于）at meals.A. to talkB. to not talkC. to talkingD. to not talking11. I can ' t understand without saying goodbye to me.A. you leavingB. you to leaveC. for you to leaveD. you leave12. I really appreciate to help me.A. your offeringB. for you to offerC. of you to offerD. for your

25、offering13. The thief ran so fast that he missed.A. catchingC. being caughtB. to be caughtD. to catch14. at the class meeting made us encouraged.A. He having being praisedB. His having been praisedC. He being praisedD. For him to have praised15. The little boy doesnmidd t alone at home.A. being left

26、B. leftC. leavingD. to be leftThat he had been praised at the class meeting made us encouraged.His/ Tom ' s being praised at the class meetingI really appreciate him/ his/ Tom 's offering to help me參考答案：1-5 ACABB 6-10 DBBBD 11-15 AACBABook4 Unit3動詞v-ing形式作表語.定語和其補I.動詞v-ing形式做定語1.單個動詞的-ing形式作

27、定語位于被修飾名詞的前 面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能（這種用法被 稱為動名詞）。如：building materialsmaterials for building建筑材料drinking waterwater for drinking飲用水a walking sticka stick for walking手杖a reading rooma room for reading閱覽室a writing deska desk for writing寫字臺a sleeping bag/ car/ pilla bag/car/ pill for sleeping睡袋/臥鋪車/安眠 藥a drin

28、king cupa cup for drinking水杯a cooking pota pot for cooking煮鍋a dancing hall/poola hall/ pool for dancing舞廳/池a washing machinea machine for washing洗衣機an operating tablea table for operating手術臺a dining rooma room for dining飯廳a swimming poola pool for swimming游泳池單個動詞v-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態。

29、如： a waiting man (=a manwho is waiting)正在等待的男人a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡覺 的孩子tiring music = music that is tiring煩人的音樂 a surprising result = a resultthat is surprising 個驚人的結果2.動tH v-ing形式短語彳定語時,放在所修飾的名詞 之后，并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。如：Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.=Anybody

30、who is swimming in this river will be fined（被罰款）.在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會 被罰款。2)They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a room that faces the street他們住在一間面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peter ' s father.=The manwho is standing there is Peter ' father.站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。動詞v-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定

31、語，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其 他部分用逗號分開。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.=His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。II.動詞v-ing作表語1 .動詞v-ing形式（動名詞）作表語時放在系動詞之后， 動名詞做表語是對中語內容的解釋.這時主語與 表語位置可以互換Her hobby is painting .她的業余愛好是畫畫。My job is looking after the chi

32、ldren .我的工作就是照 顧這些孩子。Our job is playing all kinds of music .我們的工作就 是演奏各種音樂 =Playing all kinds of music is our job.演奏各種音樂是我們的工作口動詞v-ing形式（現在分詞）做表語，表明的是主 語的性質與特征，用來泛指某種動作或行為，以 說明主語的身份、性質或情況，主語與表語位置 不可互換The music they are playing sounds exciting.他們演 奏的音樂是如此令人興奮 Seeing is believing.眼見為實。The book is inte

33、resting.The news is disappointing.I am interested in the book.The book interested(vt. ) me.The book is interesting to me.An interesting manA surprised child/ lookIII.動詞v-ing形式(現在分詞)作賓補的用法1 .動詞v-ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面,表 示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調一個過程或一 種狀態。如： When we returned to the school, we founda stranger sta

34、nding at the entrance.當我們回至U學校時,發現 個陌生人站在大門口。We found the snake eating the eggs 我們發現蟲它正 在吃雞蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground .我發現地板上放 著一個包。The boss keptthe workers working the whole night.那老板讓工人整夜地工作。注意：當主句轉換為被動結構時，原來作賓語補 足語的動詞v-ing形式便轉換為主語補足語。如： They found the result very satisfying.=The result i

35、s found very satisfying.這個結果 很令人滿意。They heardMr. Smith singing in the next room .=Mr. Smith was heardsinging in the next room.有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。We mustn' t keevisitors waiting.=Visitors mustn ' t be kepwaiting. 千萬不能 讓他們等。2.能用動詞v-ing形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞：1）表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞，常見的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find（發覺

36、） 看見），notice, observe00k at, listen to, catch（I隸著）發覺）碰卜）等。如：We saw a light burning（燃燒，亮著）in the window. I felt（感覺， 覺得）somebody patting（拍打）me on the shoulder（肩膀）.Can you smell（聞起來）anything burning（燃燒，燒 糊）？As he spoke, heobserved（觀察，仔細看 ）everybody looking at him curiously（好奇地）.Listen to the birds sing

37、ing.I didn 'notice him waiting.I heard Mr. Smith singing in the next door.我聽至史密斯先生在隔壁唱歌。You wod catch me doing that again.2）表示“指使，讓”意義的動詞，常見的有have, set,keep, get, leave等。如: We won thave you doing that,我們不允許你這么做。This set me thinking .I ' m sorry to havept you waiting long .對不起，讓 你久等了.I can &#

38、39;ge t the clock going again.3. see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用v-ing形式和動詞不定式（to do ）作賓語補足語的區別： 前者（動詞v-ing形式）表示動作正在進行,而后 者（不定式to do）表示（或強調）動作從開始到結束的 全過程。如：We passed by the classmates and saw the teachermaking the experiment我們走過教室，看見老師 在做實驗。（只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師正在做 實驗）We sat an hour and watched the teacherak

39、e the experiment,我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。（一 個小時之內一直在看老師作實驗）如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不定式短語 表示一次動作，而-ing形式則表示反復動作。如：We heard the door slam十次動作） We heard the door slamming.反復動作）典例解析1. The salesman scolded6比評）the girl caught _and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing解析本題考查動詞非謂語形式在句中作賓補的用法。

40、 正確掌握并靈活運用非謂語形式是解此類題的關鍵， 另外，解這一題目也要用還原法，即 catch the girl stealing ,因此，解題時，不但要有扎實的基礎知識， 還要掌握解題技巧。本題旨在考查 catch sb. doing sth.（發現某人做某事）這一短語，故先排除A、C兩項， 由于girl與catch之間是被動關系，因此需要用 catch 的過去分詞形式作后置定語，stealing所作的只能是定 語中的補足語，故本題最隹答案為D 口2. In the study（書房），I found my son at a desk,with his attention （） on a b

41、ook.A. sitting; fixingB. sit; fixedC. sitting; to be fixedD. seated; fixed解析此題考查不定式與分詞作賓補的區別以及 短語fix one ' s attent的用法。解答此題時，應特別 留意不定式與分詞作賓補的區別；第二應注意倘若邏 輯賓語提前，則with+復合賓語中賓補應用過去分詞 表示被動。因為強調found的動作與sit同時進行，而 省去to的不定式sit作其補表示動作的完成，但sitting 和seated皆可。第二空中，attention原為fix的邏輯賓 語，所以應選fixed作賓語補足語。故此題正確答

42、案 D.seat n. 座位 have/take/give a seatv.坐，就坐e.g. He seatedhimself in the sofa.He was seated in the sofa.Please be seated/ take your seat,I found my son sitting/seated at the desk.With +賓語+賓補（形容詞、副詞、介詞結構、v-ing、 v-ed, to do ）The teacher entered the classroom, with the door open.with the lights out/with

43、a book in his hand/with a girl following（ 主動）/ with a girl followed（被動）/ with a lot of work to do.Practice1.指出下列句子中v-ing形式的 用法：1. Do you find it funny to seesomeonesliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?2. But he was lived by all who wa

44、tched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.3. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films.4. He loved it by using nonverbal humor .5. Their job is a panning for gold'.6. Finally he tries cutt

45、ing and eating the bottom of the shoe.Practice2.找出并改正下列句子中的錯 誤。1. I am looking forward to visjLCharlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week.2. Many people still enjoy seeing Charlie Chaplin' ssilent films.3. Charlie ' s nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter.4. We are a

46、ll fond of Charlie' s early filmsewhichthink are more interested.5. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day.6. I wouldnm irtd to see The Gold Rush again withyou tonight.7. Charlie ' s job was entertain people, wasn ' t he? Practice3.從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以 填入空白處的最佳

47、選項。Groupl.1. Though I have often heard this song, I have never heard you it.A. being sung; sangB. sang; singingC. sung; singD. to be sung; to sing2. It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned3. 一 Did you meet anyone at the party?一 No, in fact, I found the p

48、arty rather.A. interesting; boringB. interested; boringC. interesting; boredD. interested; bored4. The salesman scolded the girl caught andlet her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smo

49、keD. smoked6. Don ' t leave the water while you brush yourteeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run7. The bell the end of the period rang,our heated discussion.A. indicating（表明, t兌明, 暗示 ）,interruptingB. indicated, interrupting（中斷）打斷）C. indicating; interruptedD. indicated; interrupted8. When I

50、got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ' ' Sorry to miss you; will call later.A. readB. readsC. to readD. reading9. It ' s a waste of time him. He is no longer in charge now.A. askingB. to askC. askedD. asks10. Why did you go back to the shop?1 left my friend there.A. waitingB.

51、 to waitC. waitD. waitsGroup2.1. He looked around and caught a man hishand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. puttingt agree2. The manager,it clear to us that he didn with us, left the meeting room.A. who has madeB. having madeC. madeD. making3. Come on, please give me

52、some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled4. Peter received a letter just now hisgrandma would come to see him soon.A. saidB. sayC. sayingD. to say5. I smell something in the kitchen. Can I callyou back in a minute?

53、A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt6. It is believed that if a book is, it will surely the reader.A. interested; interestB. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interestingD. interesting; interestCBBCA D【實戰演練】1. （09 江西卷）The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more

54、 responsibility for theeducation of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced2. （09 浙江卷）There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating3.（ 07 上海卷）After a knock at the door, t

55、he boy heard his mother ' s voice him.A. callingB. calledC. being calledD. to call4. Mark often attempts to escape wheneverhe breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to be finedC. to have been finedD. being fined5. Ann never dreams of for her to be sent abroadvery soon.A. there being a

56、 chanceB. there to be a chanceC. there be a chanceD. being a chance6. 一 What made him so unhappy?一 the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lostB. LostC. Because of losingD. Losing7. After for the job, you will be required to take alanguage test.A. being interviewedB. interviewedC. interviewingD. having interviewed8. I don ' t know what il