1、高三英語獨立主格冀教版【本講教育信息】一. 教學內容：獨立主格教學過程語法：獨立主格一、獨立主格結構的構成形式1、邏輯主語v-ing這種構成形式內部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作執行者，分詞表示的動作不是整句主語發出的動作，而是其邏輯主語發出的動作。如：1_no bus, we had to walk home. a a. there being b. being c. having been d. there was 2_no bus, we had to walk home. b a. as there being b. as there was c. being d. there was3_su

2、nday, the library doesnt open. c a. being b. there being c. it being d. having been4_sunday, the library doesnt open. da. as it being b. beingc. it isd. as it is 2、邏輯主語v-ed該構成形式內部的邏輯主語是分詞的動作承受者。1_, the train started. aa. the signal given b. giving the signal c. the signal being given d. the signal g

3、iving2_, the train started. da. after having given the signal b. after the signal given c. giving the signal d. after the signal was given 3_, the text became easier for us to learn. b a. explaining new words b. new words explained c. being explained new words d. having explained new words4_, the te

4、xt became easier for us to learn. a a. when new words were explainedb. explaining new words c. new words explaining d. being explained new words 3、邏輯主語形容詞副詞該結構相當于一個未帶動詞的“主系表結構。如：1_, the patient can leave the hospital. b a. better conditions b. conditions betterc. conditions are better d. being bette

5、r conditions2_, wed like to go outing. b a. being sunday b. sunday ok c. sunday is ok d. if sunday ok3_, you can wait a while. a. the play being still onb. the play still on c. being still on the play d. a and b4_, so you can wait a while a a. the play is still on b. the play being still on c. as th

6、e play is still on d. the play still on4、with 的復合結構形式為：with名詞代詞)現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例：1she came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. with名詞形容詞，作伴隨狀語2with the meal over， we all went home. with名詞副詞，作時間狀語3the master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。with名詞介詞短語，作伴隨狀

7、語。the teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4he lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me. with名詞不定式，作伴隨狀語he could not finish it without me to help him. without代詞不定式，作條件狀語5she fell asleep with the light burning. with名詞現在分詞，作伴隨狀語例題：the murder

8、was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。a. being tiedb. having tied c. to be tied d. tied 答案：d。with名詞代詞分詞介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導。由于本句中名詞“手與分詞“綁是被動關系，因此用過去分詞，選d。練習he left the office _. b a. with tears being in eyes b. with tears in her eyes c. being tears in eyes d. tears being in ey

9、es 二、分詞、獨立主格和“with復合賓語作狀語的區別分詞結構、獨立主格結構、with復合賓語結構在句中均可作狀語，其區別是這樣的：一分詞在句中作狀語時句子的主語是分詞的邏輯主語，即主句主語是分詞的動作執行者用現在分詞或動作承受者用過去分詞或現在分詞被動式。這種情況下的分詞短語可以改為相應的狀語從句或并列謂語。 1. given more timeif givenif he is given, he is sure to finish his test paper. 2. father came back, carrying a bag of money on his left should

10、er. 二獨立主格結構和with復合賓語結構在句子中作狀語時，這種結構內部的分詞或介詞短語的邏輯主語不是整句的主語，即主句主語與分詞的邏輯主語不一致。如：1. _, well go fishing in the country. ca. permitting weather b. weather permitted c. weather permitting d. permitting2. _, he finished playing the game of chess. ba. his eyes closing b. with his eyes closed c. closing his e

11、yes d. closed his eyes三使用分詞短語、獨立主格結構、with復合賓語結構分別在句子中作狀語時要注意：它們與主句之間不應有附屬連詞如when, if, as soon as, as, while等或并列連詞如and, but, or, so等。例如：1. _ the teacher told the class to go through the text. aa. checking the answersb. checking the answers and c. when checking the answers and d. all the above2. _a ra

12、iny day, so all the farmers had to stay inside. ca. it beingb. being c. it was d. all the above3. as _a little sick, he remained at the clinic. ba. feeling b. he felt c. he felling d. all the above 四在使用獨立主格結構、with復合賓語結構、分詞結構作句子的狀語時，一定要看句子主語同這些結構的邏輯關系。1、當句子主語與該狀語內部動詞之間有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系時，該狀語可用分詞結構或從句表示。1_

13、in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. da. lost b. as he was lost c. he lost d. a and b 2_for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief. da. waiting b. when he was waiting c. as he was waiting d. all the above2、假設句子主語與狀語內動詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系且狀語內有自己的邏輯主語。那么該狀語不能用分詞結構，只能用

14、獨立主格結構、with復合賓語結構或從句。如：1the soldier fell asleep _. aa. with the candle burning b. burning the candle c. when he was burning the candle d. when burning the candle2_, the tiananmen square looks more beautiful. ca. being on b. when being on c. with all the lights on d. when it turns on all the lights3_

15、 the notice, he had an idea. da. when he was watching b. watching c. when watching d. all the above4_ the notice, an idea came to his mind. aa. when he was watching b. watching c. when watching d. all the above【模擬試題】i. 指出以下句子中的獨立結構1. in front of the house was a tall tree, its top well above the tops

16、 of the other trees. 2. the mid-term examination was over, the final examination to come in two months. 3. the boy stood there, his eyes full of tears. 4. a young policeman stood in the street, holding a little red flag, his face red with cold. 5. the teacher sat in her chair, surrounded by her stud

17、ents, a happy look in her eyes. 6. with nothing to eat, he died of hunger. 7. a tall man came into the bank, wearing a pair of dark glasses, his face hidden by an upturned (翻起的) collar and a cap pulled over his brows. 8. mary left left the office with tears in her eyes. 9. such being the case, you h

18、ave no reasons for dismissing him. 10. he lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward. ii. 用獨立結構改正以下句子中的錯誤1. being freezing cold, she had to dress herself in warm clothes. 2. having finished his homework, we went home. 3. a youn

19、g mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard, followed her little son. 4. his bike wrong, he has to walk to school. 5. tom rushed into my room, with his clothes covering with snow. 6. they were angry with their money to be stolen. iii. 單項填空1. the lecture _, he left his seat so quietly that no one co

20、mplained that his leaving disturbed the speaker. a. began b. beginning c. having begun d. being beginning2. such _ the case, i have no other choices. a. being b. is c. was d. to be 3. darkness _ in, the young people strolled on the streets. a. set b. setting c. has set d. was set4. with all factors

21、_ ,we think this program may be better than all the others in achieving the goal. a. being considered b. considering c. considered d. are considered 5. a new technique _, the production increased by 20 percent. a. to have been worked out b. having worked out c. working out d. having been worked out

22、6. on the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still, ears _, alert, listening. a. pointed b. pointing c. are pointed d. are pointing 7. walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _, we didnt accept the offer. a. not being finished b. not having finished c. ha

23、d not been finished d. was not finished 8. there are various kinds of metals, each _ its own properties (特性). a. has b. had c. to have d. having 9. the old man stood under a big tree, _. a. a pipe in mouth b. with a pipe in mouth c. pipe in mouth d. pipe in his mouth10. the production _ steadily, th

24、e factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material (原料). a. has gone up b. is going up c. having gone up d. being gone up iv. 用獨立結構完成以下句子1. jane ran into the classroom, _ (手里拿著一個新文具盒). 2. _ (午飯時間到了), the students all went to the dining-hall. 3. a little girl was making paper flowers, _ (她的媽媽面帶微笑坐在她旁邊). 4. here comes the bus from yiwu, _ _ (永康來的班車十分鐘后到). 5. _ (由向導帶路),we set off on foot into the dark night. 6. _ (有那么多書要讀), i cant kill time by playing cards. 7. at the gate stood a pla man, _ (手里握著槍). 8. _ (做完家庭作業