1、“英語精讀”小技巧【疑難問題】 通過新課改的實(shí)施，新教材的應(yīng)用，學(xué)生的英語水平，英語應(yīng)用能力確實(shí)發(fā)生了較大的變化，尤其是學(xué)生的英語聽力、口語表達(dá)，閱讀速度都有相當(dāng)大的提升，但是學(xué)生的語言知識、語言細(xì)節(jié)、文章的深層次理解、語言的靈活運(yùn)用都有較大的差距，影響了學(xué)生英語語言整體水平的發(fā)展。造成這種問題的原因，筆者認(rèn)為，在大容量的英語材料中，因?yàn)闀r間緊，內(nèi)容多，大多數(shù)文章教師都是采用泛讀的要求處理的，很少靜下心來，對所教文章的寫作技巧、作者的意圖、文章主旨、段落的劃分、句與句之間的銜接、字詞的搭配等進(jìn)行分析、對比、歸納、總結(jié)。那么如何改變這種局面？適度增加英語的精讀不妨是一味解決此癥的良藥。【解決策略

2、】 不同教材的使用，最后產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果也不相同。過去教材篇幅少，容量小，易于實(shí)施精講，每篇課文雖達(dá)不到倒背如流，也是熟練無比，結(jié)果是學(xué)生的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，語法知識，都相當(dāng)不錯，考試中不管是單選題還是書面表達(dá)題都能應(yīng)對自如，獲得高分。而新教材篇幅多，容量大，精讀很難落實(shí)，絕大部分內(nèi)容只能是采用泛讀處理。雖然新教材彌補(bǔ)了舊教材的許多不足，但也有所損失，表現(xiàn)在學(xué)生的英語語言結(jié)構(gòu)、語法知識模糊，語言表達(dá)不規(guī)范，錯誤較多，影響了學(xué)生英語整體水平的發(fā)展。如何解決這個問題？可以折中一下，在新教材，新方法的基礎(chǔ)上，適當(dāng)傳承一些傳統(tǒng)作法，增加一定量的精讀，彌補(bǔ)當(dāng)前學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)上的不足。精讀訓(xùn)練相對花費(fèi)的時間要多一些，但只

3、有時間得到保證，才能靜下心來認(rèn)真地揣摩、研究文章，才能進(jìn)行對照對比，了解文章的內(nèi)涵，語言的結(jié)構(gòu)，中西文化的差異等較為深層次的東西，提升英語的素養(yǎng)。隨著精讀增加，操作的熟練，英語水平的提高，在英語學(xué)習(xí)上所花費(fèi)的時間也會越來越少,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)費(fèi)時少，效率高的目標(biāo)。一、精讀文章的選擇（一）文章的閱讀性 所選文章應(yīng)是題材、體裁多樣，具有閱讀價值，適合學(xué)生進(jìn)行獲取信息、處理信息能力訓(xùn)練。精選范文如下:（文章選自2007年山東省高考試題閱讀理解A篇文章）A month after Hurricane Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my h

4、ouse, reduced to waist-high ruins, smelly and dirty. Before the trip, Id had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “You from New Orleans?” she asked. I said I was, “No charge,” she said, and firmly shook her head when I

5、reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened. As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage（抵押貸款）on our ruined house. We looked at many places, but none was

6、satisfactory. Wed begun to accept that wed have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kennedy in California. Hed read some pieces Id written about our sufferings for Slate, the online magazine, and wanted to give us (“no conditions atta

7、ched”) a new house across the lake from New Orleans. It sounded a good to be true, but I replied, thanking him for his exceptional generosity, that we had no plans to go back. Then a poet at the University of Florida offered to let his house to me while he went to England on his one-year paid leave.

8、 The rent was rather reasonable. I mentioned the poets offer to James Kennedy, and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months. Throughout this painful experience, the kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity. Its almost worth losing your worl

9、dly possessions to be reminded that people are really nice when given half a chance. 1The garage employees attitude toward the author was that of _ .Aunconcern Bsympathy Cdoubt Dtolerance 2What do we know about James Kennedy? AHe was a writer of an online magazine. BHe was a poet at the University o

10、f Florida CHe offered the author a new house free of charge. DHe learned about the authors sufferings via e-mail.3It can be inferred from the text that _. Athe authors family was in financial difficulty Brents were comparatively reasonable despite the disaster Chouses were difficult to find in the h

11、urricane-stricken area Dthe mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank 4The author learned from his experience that _. Aworldly possessions can be given up when necessary Bgenerosity should be encouraged in some cases Cpeople benefit from their sad stories Dhuman beings are kind after all

12、.（二）文章的知識性英語精讀文章除了訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力之外，還有一大功能就是利用這些閱讀素材培養(yǎng)學(xué)生英語基礎(chǔ)知識的積累、鞏固、提高與應(yīng)用。二、精讀文章的二次開發(fā)，突出句型、字詞的應(yīng)用從文章中挑選出以下四個句子，不管是句式結(jié)構(gòu)，還是句中的字詞搭配以及應(yīng)用都值得進(jìn)一步研究分析，以便更好地理解原文，同時也獲得更多的語言知識與技能，提升語言綜合運(yùn)用能力。1. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high ruins, smelly and dirty.（1）there be 句式的拓展，除了be之外，還可以是：lie, stand, go, come, sit

13、 等。（2）reduced to waist-high ruins,，過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾前面名詞house。（3）reduce在本句中的新意：bring sb/sth into a specified (usu. worse)state or condition 是某人/某事物陷入某種（通常指更壞的）狀態(tài)或狀況中。如：The fire reduced the house to ashes. 這場大火把那所房子化為灰燼。在下面第二句中的reduced表達(dá)同樣的意思。（4）waist-high 考綱以外詞匯，符合構(gòu)詞法，屬于合成詞，“齊腰深”。（5）smelly and dirty 形容詞

14、短語充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾前面的ruins。 2. Wed begun to accept that wed have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kennedy in California.accept 是大家較熟的單詞，但是在本句中的用法較為新穎，表示take sth as true; believe sth 認(rèn)為某事物屬實(shí)；相信某事物。后接that從句。如：I cannot accept that he is to b

15、lame. 我認(rèn)為不能則怪他。3. Then a poet at the University of Florida offered to let his house to me while he went to England on his one-year paid leave.let 也是一個常用詞，但本句中的用法學(xué)生不太熟悉，表示：allow sb to use (a house, room, etc) in return for regular payments 出租（房子，房間等）。如：I let my spare rooms to the newcomers.我把多余的房間出租給

16、新來的人。4. Its almost worth losing your worldly possessions to be reminded that people are really nice when given half a chance.我意識到人們一有機(jī)會就會那樣友好和慷慨，即使你丟失所有財(cái)產(chǎn)又有何妨。句中 give sb half a chance 的意思是，give sb some opportunity of being or doing sth 給某人一些機(jī)會去成或去做某事。如：She is keen and I am sure shell succeed given half a chance. 她聰明機(jī)智，只要有點(diǎn)兒機(jī)會我肯定她會成功。【點(diǎn)評】 精讀是英語教學(xué)中不可缺少的重要一環(huán)，是挖掘、探索文章深層內(nèi)涵，體驗(yàn)、感悟英語語言之美，了解、掌握語言知識的必經(jīng)之路。但遺憾的是有部分教師卻意識不到這一點(diǎn)，不愿意在精讀上下功夫，滿足于泛泛的閱讀。記得有一位英語教學(xué)專家增經(jīng)說過：中國人學(xué)英語缺少兩種