1、精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載中學英語語法講解：非謂語動詞定義及構成非謂語動詞主要包括不定式&動名詞 &分詞（現在分詞和過去分詞）,. 即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨立作謂語外、 可以承擔句子的任何成分它有三種形式：不定式,分詞（現在分詞.過去分詞）,動名詞1非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有：（1）假如為及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如：they built a garden.they suggested building a garden.（2）都可以被狀語修飾：the suit fits him very well.the suit used to fit him very w

2、ell.（ 3）都有主動與被動 、“體”式（一般式；進行式；完成式）的變化；例如：he was punished by his parents.（謂語動詞被動語態）he avoided being punished by his parents.（動名詞的被動式）we have written the composition.（謂語動詞的完成時）精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載having written the composition、 we handed it in.（現在分詞的完成式）（4）都可以有規律主語they started the work at once.（謂語動

3、詞的規律主語）the boss ordered them to start the work.（動詞不定式的規律主語）we are league members.（謂語動詞的主語）we being league member、 the work was well done.（現在分詞的規律主語）2.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有：（ 1）非謂語動詞可以出名詞作用（如動詞不定式和動名詞）,在句中做主語.賓語.表語；（ 2）非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞）,在句中做定語.表語或賓語補足語；（3）非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用（如動詞不定式和分詞）,在句中作狀語；（ 4）謂語動詞在句中作謂

4、語,受主語的人稱和數的限制；非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語,它不受主語的人稱和數的限制；5 英語中不能單獨做句子的謂語； 編輯本段 功能及用法 一 動詞不定式：（to ） +do,具出名詞.形容詞.副詞的特點.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載否定式： not + to do（ 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之后.例如：i'm glad to meet you.he seems to know a lot.we plan to pay a visit.he wants to be an artist.the patient

5、asked to be operated on at once.the teacher ordered the work to be done.（2）進行式： 不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如：the boy pretended to be working hard.he seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如：i regretted to have told a lie.i happened to have seen the film.he is pleased to have

6、met his friend.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載2不定式的句法功能：（1）作主語：to finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.to lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用 it作形式主語, 真正的主語不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式：it is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.it means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有： 1.it+be+ 名詞 +to do ；2.

7、it takes sb.+some time+to do；3. it+be+ 形容詞 +of sb +to do；4.it+be+ 形容詞 +for sb.+to do；常用 careless、clever、 good、foolish、honest、kind、lazy、nice、right、silly、stupid、wise、等表示頌揚或批判的形 容詞,不定式前的sb. 可作其規律主語；（2）作表語：her job is to clean the hall.he appears to have caught a cold.（3）作賓語：常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want、 hope、 wi

8、sh、 offer、 fail、 plan、learn、 pretend、 refuse、 manage、 help、 agree、 promise、 prefer、假如不定式（賓語）精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載后面有賓語補足語,就用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語（不定式）后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如：marx found it important to study the situation in russia.動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如：i have no choice but to stay here.he did nothing last sunday but re

9、pair his bike.動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如：he gave us some advice on how to learn english.（4）作賓語補足語：在復合賓語中, 動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語：want、 wish、 ask、 tell、 order、 beg、 permit、 help、 advise、 persuade、 allow、 prepa re、 cause、 force、 call on、 wait for、 invite.此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如：with a lot of work to do、 he did

10、n't go to the cinema有些動詞如 make、 let、 see、 watch、 hear、 feel、 have等與不帶有to 的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to、如：i saw him cross the road.he was seen to cross the road.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載（5）作定語：動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后；與所修飾名詞有如下關系：動賓關系：i have a meeting to attend.留意：不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞假如為地點.工具等,應有必要的介詞,如：he fou

11、nd a good house to live in.the child has nothing to worry about.what did you open it with.假如不定式修飾time、 place、 way,可以省略介詞：he has no place to live.this is the best way to work out this problem.假如不定式所修飾名詞為不定式動作承擔者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：have you got anything to send.have you got anything to be sent.說明所修飾名詞的內容：

12、精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載we have made a plan to finish the work.被修飾名詞為不定式規律主語：he is the first to get here.（6）作狀語：表目的：he worked day and night to get the money.she sold her hair to buy the watch chain.留意不定式放句首時,規律主語與句子主語要一樣：wrong： to save money、 every means has been tried.right： to save money、 he has tr

13、ied every means.wrong： to learn english well、 a dictionary is needed.right： to learn english well、 he needs a dictionary.表結果：he arrived late to find the train gone.常用 only放在不定式前表示強調：i visited him only to find him out.表緣由：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載they were very sad to hear the news.表程度：it's too dar

14、k for us to see anything.the question is simple for him to answer.（7）作獨立成分：to tell you the truth、 i don't like the way he talked.（8）不定式的省略：保留to 省略 do 動詞；if you don't want to do it、 you don't need to.（9）不定式的并列：其次個不定式可省略to ；he wished to study medicine and become a doctor.（二）動名詞：動名詞既具有動詞的一些

15、特點,又具出名詞的句法功能；1動名詞的形式：ving否定式： not +動名詞（1）一般式：seeing is believing.眼見為實；（2）被動式：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載he came to the party without being invited他未被邀請就來到了晚會；（3）完成式：we remembered having seen the film.我們記得看過這部電影；（4）完成被動式：he forgot having been taken to guangzhou when he was five years old.他遺忘五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過；

16、（5）否定式： not +動名詞i regret not following his advice.我懊悔沒聽他的勸說；（6）復合結構：物主代詞（或名詞全部格）+ 動名詞he suggested our trying it once again.他建議我們再試一次；his not knowing english troubled him a lot.他不懂英語給他帶來很多麻煩；2動名詞的句法功能：（1）作主語：reading aloud is very helpful.朗讀為很有好處的；collecting stamps is interesting.集郵很好玩；精品學習資料精選學習資料 -

17、- - 歡迎下載當動名詞短語作主語常常用it作形式主語；it's no use quarrelling.爭執為沒用的；（2）作表語：in the ant city、 the queen's job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作為產卵；（3）作賓語：they haven't finished building the dam.他們仍沒有建好大壩；we have to prevent the air from being polluted.我們必需阻擋空氣被污染；留意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個例句；此外,動名詞作賓語時,如跟有賓語

18、補足語,就常用形式賓語it ,例如：we found it no good making fun of others.我們發覺取笑他人不好；要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：enjoy、 finish、 suggest、 avoid（防止） 、 excuse 、delay、 imagine、 keep、 miss、 consider、 admit（承認）, deny（否認） 、 mind、 permit、 forbid、 practise、 risk （冒險） 、 appreciate（感謝） 、 be busy、 be worth、 feel like、 can't stand、

19、 can't help（情不自禁地）、 think of、 dreamof、 be fond of、 preventfrom、keepfrom、 stop（ from ）、protectfrom、 set about、 be engaged in、 spendin、 succe精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載ed in、 be used to、 look forward to、 object to、 pay attention to、 insist on、 fee l like（4）作定語：he can't walk without a walking-stick

20、.他沒有拐杖不能走路；is there a swimming pool in your school.你們學校有游泳池嗎？（5）作同位語：the cave、 his hiding-place is secret.那個山洞, 他藏身的地方很隱秘；his habit、 listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged他收聽收音機新聞節目的習慣仍未轉變；（三）現在分詞：現在分詞既具有動詞的一些特點,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能；1.現在分詞的形式：否定式： not +現在分詞（ 1）現在分詞的主動語態：現在分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表

21、示的動作同時發生,完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生,常作狀語；例如：they went to the park、 singing and talking.他們邊唱邊說向公園走去；精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載having done his homework、 he played basket-ball.做完作業, 他開頭打籃球；（2）現在分詞的被動語態：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作, 完成式表示發生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作；the problem being discussed is very important.正在被爭論的問題很重要；having

22、 been told many times、 the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告知了好幾遍,這個調皮的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤；2現在分詞的句法功能：（ 1）作定語： 現在分詞作定語,當分詞單獨做定語時,放在所修飾的名詞前；假如為分詞短語做定語放在名詞后；in the following years he worked even harder.在后來的幾年中,他學習更努力了；the man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正與老師談話的那個人為我們班長的父親；精品學習資料精選學習資

23、料 - - - 歡迎下載現在分詞作定語相當于一個定語從句的句法功能,如： in the following years 也可用 in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為 the man who is speaking to the teacher.（2）現在分詞作表語：the film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在這家上演的電影很棒；the present situation is inspiring.當前的形勢激勵人心；be + doing既可能表示現在進行

24、時,也可能為現在分詞做表語,它們的區分在于 be + doing表示進行的動作為進行時,而表示特點時為系動詞be 與現在分詞構成系表結構；（3）作賓語補足語：如下動詞后可跟現在分詞作賓語補足語：see、 watch、 hear、 feel、 find、 get、 keep、 notice、 observe、 listen t o、 look at、 leave、 catch等；例如：can you hear her singing the song in the next room.你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？he kept the car waiting at the gate.他讓小汽車在門口

25、等著；（4）現在分詞作狀語：作時間狀語：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載while working in the factory、 he was an advanced worker.在工廠工作時,他為一名先進工人；作緣由狀語：being a league member、 he is always helping others.由于為共青團員,他常常幫忙他人；作方式狀語,表示相伴：he stayed at home、 cleaning and washing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗；作條件狀語：if playing all day、 you will waste your valu

26、able time.要為成天玩,你就會鋪張珍貴的時間；作結果狀語：he dropped the glass、 breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了, 結果摔得粉碎；作目的狀語：he went swimming the other day.幾天前他去游泳了；作讓步狀語：though raining heavily、 it cleared up very soon.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了；與規律主語構成獨立主格：i waiting for the bus、 a bird fell on my head我等汽車時,一只鳥落

27、到我頭上；all the tickets having been sold out、 they went away disappointedly.全部的票已經賣光了,他們掃興地離開了；time permitting、 we'll do another two exercises.假如時間答應,我們將做另兩個練習；有時也可用with without +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式with the lights burning、 he fell asleep.他點著燈睡著了；作獨立成分：udging fromby his appearance、 he must be an actor.從外表

28、看,他肯定為個演員；generally speaking、 girls are more careful.一般說來, 女孩子更細心；（四）過去分詞：精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載過去分詞只有一種形式：規章動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed 構成；不規章動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規章要求,要一一記住；過去分詞的句法功能：1過去分詞作定語：our class went on an organized trip last monday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行；those selected as committee members will attend the meeting.當選

29、為委員的人將出席這次會；留意當過去分詞為單詞時,一般用于名詞前,假如為過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的后面；過去分詞做定語相當于一個被動語態的定語從句；2過去分詞作表語：the window is broken.窗戶破了；they were frightened at the sad sight.他們對眼前凄慘的景象感到很可怕；留意： be +過去分詞,假如表示狀態為系表結構,假如表示被動的動作為被動語態；區分：the window is broken.（系表）the window was broken by the boy.（被動）有些過去分詞為不及物動詞構成的,不表示被動,只表示完成；如：精品學

30、習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載boiled water（開水）fallen leaves（落葉）newly arrived goods（新到的貨）the risen sun（升起的太陽）the changed world（變了的世界）這類過去分詞有： gone、 come、 fallen、 risen、 changed、 arrived、 return ed、 passed等；3過去分詞作賓語補足語：i heard the song sung several times last week.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次；有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語：with the wo

31、rk done、 they went out to play.工作做完了, 他們出去玩去了；4過去分詞作狀語：praised by the neighbours、 he became the pride of his parents.受到鄰居們的夸獎,他成為父母的自豪；（表示緣由）once seen、 it can never be forgotten.一旦它被觀察,人們就忘不了；（表示時間）given more time、 i'll be able to do it better.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載假如賜予更多的時間,我能做得更好；（表示條件）though

32、 told of the danger、 he still risked his life to save the boy.雖然被告之有危急,他仍舊冒生命危急去救那個孩子；（表示讓步）filled with hopes and fears、 he entered the cave.心中布滿了期望與懼怕,他走進山洞； 編輯本段 典型習題1the olympic games、 in 776 b.c、didt include women players until 1919.a.first playing b.to be first played c.first played d.to be fir

33、stplaying析：依據題干,必需選表示被動的選項,故排除a.d；因 b 選項表“將要被舉辦”意,不合題干之用,只有c 選項（相當于which was first played）才合用；2european football is played in 80 countries、 it the most popular sport in the world.a.making b.makes c.made d.to make析： b. c為謂語動詞,在此不行用；d項 to make或表目的,或表“將要使得”,這都不合題干情形；只有a.making、可作狀語,表結果；再舉一現在分詞作結果狀語例：精品

34、學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載the bus was held up by the snowstorm、causing the delay.公共汽車被大風雪所阻,因而耽擱了；3 little jim should love to the theatre this evening.a.to be taken b.to take c.being taken d.taking析：依據 this evening、應選表示將來義的選項,c.d 應排除； take 后無賓語,必定要用被動式,故答案為a；4 john was made the truck for a week as a puni

35、shment.a.to wash b.washing c.wash d.to be washing析：依據 be made to do sth.句式,可定答案為a；5 the patient was warned oily food after the operation.a.to eat not b.eating not c.not to eat d.not eating析：依據 warn sb.notto do sth.句式,可排除b.d 兩項；又依據非謂語動詞的否定式not總為在首位的規律,又可排除a,而定 c；6 i usually go there by train. why not

36、 by boat fora change.a.to try going b.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going析：此題可依據why not后直接跟原形動詞規律而一舉確定正確答案為d；如將 b 項改為 try to go,就要依據其與try going意義之別來確定答案；依據題干對話內容,乙方為建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣,所以答案仍為d；精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載7 a reply、he decided to write again.a.not receiving b.receiving not c.not having recei

37、ved d.having notreceived析：非謂語動詞的否定式 not 應置于首位, b.d 皆為錯誤形式； a 項不能表達先于 decided 的動作, 只有選 c 項才表沒收到信在先, 打算再寫信在后, 所以 c 為正確答案；8charles babbage is generally considered the first computer.a.to invent b.inventing c.to have invented d.having mvented析： consider表“考慮”意時,其后動詞用doing形式,此處不表“考慮”,而表“認為”,這時consider后作賓語

38、補足語或主語補足語多為to do、to have done、tobe 等形式；據此可排除b.d 兩個選項；又因a 表“要創造”意,不合題用,只有c 表“創造了”意,才合題用,應選c；9 most of the artists to the party were from south africa.a.invited b.to invite c.being invited d.had been invited析：“被邀請參與晚會”,應選表被動意的選項,b 不行用； d 項少引導詞w ho,也應排除；又因短暫動詞的現在分詞被動式不行作定語,c 也應排除,只有a.invited who were i

39、nvited才為正確答案；10the murderer was brought in、with his hands behind his back.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載a. being tied b.having tied c.to be tired d.tied析： b 表主動意,應排除；c 表“將要被捆綁”,a 表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意,只有d 項填入空白才能表達“雙手被反綁著”這一意思,符合題干情形；再看一類似例句： he came in、withhis head held high.他仰頭走了進來； 編輯本段 更多練習1. more attention、th

40、e trees could have grown better.a.to give b.having given c.given d.giving2. the first textbooks for teaching english as a foreign lan guage came out in the 16th century.a. to be written b.written c.being written d.having written3. the missing boys were last seen near the river.a. to play b.play c.to

41、 be playing d.playing4. in thought、he almost ran into the car in front of him.a.to lose b.lost c.having lost d.losing5. when passing me he pretended me.a. to see b.not having seen c.to have not seen d.not to have seen6. the children insisted there on foot.a. they going b.they would go c.on their goi

42、ng d.going精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載7. he still remembers to shanghai when he was very young.a. taking b.being taken c.taken d.having taken8. the railway station、we had a break、only the trainhad left.a.arriving at;to find b.coming to;discovering thatc.on arriving at;finding out d.hurrying to;to have fo

43、und out9. with the boy the way、we had no trouble the way to zhongshan park.a. leading;finding;leading b.to lead;found;to lead c.led;finding;le d d.leading;found;led10. these pictures、i couldn t help thinking of those days wh en i was in being and from the top of a thirty-storeyed building、beijingloo

44、ks more beautiful.a.s eeing;seen b.seen;seeing c.seeing;seeing d.seen;seen11.i can hardly imagine peter across the atlantic ocean infive days.a.to have sailed b.to sail c.sailing d.sail12. if you wave your book in front of your face、you can feel the ai r against your face.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載a.mo

45、ved b.moving c.moves d.to move13. is known to all、china will be an and powerful cou ntry in 20 or 30 years time.a.t hat;advancing b.this;advanced c.as;advanced d.it;advancing14. while shopping、people sometimes cant help into buying s omething they dont really need.a.persuade b.persuading c.being per

46、suaded d.be persuaded15. there was terrible noise the sudden burst of light.a.followed b.following c.to be followed d.being followed16. please excuse my in without .a.come;permitted b.coming;permitted c.comimg;being permitted d.to come;being permitted17. his head high、the manager walked into the roo

47、m to attend the meeting then.a.holding;being held b.held;holding c.having held;held d.held;to be held18. did you hear her this pop song this time the other day. yes、and i heard this song in english.精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載a.sing;singing b.sung;sung c.sung;singing d.singing;sung19. the question now at

48、 the meeting is not the question yesterday.a.discussed;discussed b.discussing;had discussed c.being discussed; discussed d.discussing;discussing20. with the cooking 、i went on some sewing.a.done;to do b.being done;doing c.to be done;doing d.to have done;doing21. it is no use your past mistakes.a. re

49、gretting b. regret c. to regret d. regretted22. her husband died in 1980 and had nothing to her、only her five children.a.left;to leave b.leaving;leaving c.leaving;left d.left;leaving23.i am very busy.i have a very difficult problem .a.to work b.to work out c.to be worked out d.to work it out24.i wou

50、ld appreciate back this affernoon.a.you to call b.you call c.your calling d.youre calling25.climbing mountains was 、so we all felt .精品學習資料精選學習資料 - - - 歡迎下載a.tiring;tired b.tired;tiring c.tiring;tiring d.tired;tired26.i saw some villagers on the bench at the end of the room.a.seating b.seat c.seated

51、d.seated themselves27. she was glad to see her child well care of.a.take b.to be taken c.taken d.taking28. it is one of the important problems tomorrow.a.to solve b.to be solved c.solved d.solving29. maps properly、you need a special pen.a.drawn b.drawing c.to draw d.be drawing30. there is a river around our school.a.to run b.run c.running d.to be running31. how about the two of us a walk down the garden.a.to take b.take c.taking d.to be taken32.i was fortuna