1、國外郵政金融發展模式及對我國的借鑒與啟示foreign postal financial and development model to china and draw inspiration中文約2900字first, foreign financial development model post 1、post and confuse the financial business model 2、 postal and financial business model separation 3、the post office to withdraw from the financial s

2、ervices area 4、with the color of the postal savings mode一、國外郵政金融的發展模式 1、郵政與金融混同經營模式2、郵政與金融分離經營模式 3、郵政退出金融服務領域 4、具有行政色彩的郵政儲蓄模式 second, foreign postal financial development model of comparison and reference二、國外郵政金融發展模式的比較與借鑒 (a) national postal savings business development in common(一)各國郵政儲蓄業務發展的相同之處

3、1. persist in the public nature of banking services.1.堅持大眾銀行服務本色。postal savings and other financial business formed from the start full use of the postal network advantage, directly to the majority of ordinary residents of urban and rural services. at the same time cultivating citizens thrift, the g

4、ood habit of saving, accumulate funds for national construction. postal financial services in the public has enjoyed in the bank of civilians, a reputation. netherlands bank has become the countrys largest retail bank, but still has not changed for the civilian population of the qualities of service

5、. netherlands bank has become the countrys largest retail bank, but still has not changed for the civilian population of the qualities of service. compared with the general commercial banks, the netherlands bank adhere to three basic operating principles: first, regardless of who the users are high-

6、income or low-income people, post bank are to provide good service; second, the post bank to provide users with the services as simple as possible products, services, facilities and scope for the popularization of the needs of the three services is to uphold a lower price. in the netherlands 1565000

7、0 population of 6.7 million households, more than two-thirds of the families are bank of users. in the netherlands the countrys savings business and banking payment card market, the banks market share reached 15 percent and 42 percent.郵政儲蓄等金融業務的形成從一開始就是充分利用郵政網絡優勢，直接為廣大城鄉普通居民服務。同時培養公民節儉、儲蓄的良好習慣，為國家建設

8、積累資金。郵政金融服務在公眾中一直享有“平民銀行”的美譽。荷蘭郵政銀行已經成為本國最大的零售銀行，但仍沒有改變為平民大眾服務的本色。與一般商業銀行相比，荷蘭郵政銀行堅持三條基本的經營原則：一是不論用戶是高收入者還是低收入者，郵政銀行都為其提供良好的服務；二是郵政銀行為用戶提供盡可能簡單的服務產品、服務設施和范圍適用于大眾化的需要；三是堅持較低的服務價格。在荷蘭1565萬人口的670萬個家庭中，三分之二以上的家庭都是郵政銀行的用戶。在荷蘭全國的儲蓄業務和銀行支付卡市場上，郵政銀行的市場占有率分別達到15%和42%。2. to establish an effective financial pr

9、oduct marketing system. postal financial services sector is the biggest advantage of relying on the postal network formed by strong sales ability. in france, financial services products through three levels of sales channels to achieve. first, 17,000 points of window services, mainly to provide the

10、simplest service products and the other is based on the financial markets demand the establishment of the 24 financial services centre, providing more complex services; third, in accordance with the requirements of business development, the establishment of 5 special financial services centre, to pr

11、ovide special financial services.2.建立有效的金融產品營銷體系。郵政部門提供金融服務最大的優勢就是依托郵政網絡所形成的強大銷售能力。在法國，金融服務產品通過三個層次的銷售渠道實現。一是1.7萬個網點的窗口服務，這主要提供最簡單的服務產品；二是根據全國金融市場需求建立了24個金融服務中心，提供比較復雜的服務內容；三是按照業務發展要求，建立5個特別金融服務中心，提供特殊金融服務。3. through direct mail, telephone and the internet to promote financial services products. wit

12、h all retail services, postal financial network of retail business in addition to providing services, but also make full use of various channels of publicity and marketing, business correspondence, telephone and internet direct postal financial services are the main marketing channel choice. in japa

13、n, postal savings every year sent 25 million letters a commercial site, referring users to service products. for example, users of postal savings in the use of payment cards, if they deposit has been exhausted, will soon receive a letter from the postal savings to customers on consumer credit and pr

14、ovide credit overdrafts or other services. netherlands bank in each of the various users to dial direct telephone 60000000, publicity referral to a variety of retail financial services business. in addition, the bank has also established a dedicated web site, the average daily traffic over 70,000 pe

15、ople. by telephone and the internet, the netherlands bank also offers telephone banking and internet banking services.3.通過商函、電話和互聯網推銷金融服務產品。與所有零售服務一樣，郵政金融零售業務除了利用網點提供服務外，還充分利用各種渠道進行宣傳和營銷，商業信函、電話直銷以及互聯網服務都是郵政金融選擇的主要營銷渠道。在日本，郵政儲蓄每年都要發出2500萬封有址商業信函，向用戶推薦服務產品。例如，郵政儲蓄的用戶在使用支付卡時，如果發現存款己經用完，很快就會收到一封郵政儲蓄的信函

16、，向用戶介紹并提供消費信貸或其他信用透支服務。荷蘭郵政銀行每年要向各種用戶撥打6000萬個直銷電話，宣傳推薦各種零售金融業務。另外，郵政銀行還設立了專門網站，每天的平均訪問量超過7萬人次。通過電話和互聯網，荷蘭郵政銀行還能提供電話銀行和網上銀行服務。(b) national postal savings business in the development of different(二)各國郵政儲蓄業務發展的不同之處 1. width different lines of business. postal savings banks business scope of the basic e

17、quivalent to other commercial banks, with the post in a mixed operation or implementation of the prospective commercial operation in the postal savings permitted scope of business than the postal savings bank to be much more narrow. such as deutsche post bank as the almighty bank; still in a mixed o

18、perating under the french postal savings business only species of savings, insurance, financial management and liquidation four major categories, the postal savings funds can only be used to buy treasury bonds or treasury of national savings, japan post savings in a very long period of time will all

19、 of its funds through the department of the ministry of finance uses of funds, to finance investment and financing to use their own funds may not use any form.1.業務范圍寬窄不一。郵政儲蓄銀行的業務范圍基本等同于其他商業銀行，而處于與郵政混合經營或實行準商業化經營的郵政儲蓄獲準的業務范圍比郵政儲蓄銀行要狹窄得多。如德國郵政銀行為全能銀行；尚處于混合經營下的法國郵政儲蓄業務品種僅有儲蓄、保險、理財及清算四大類，郵政儲蓄資金只能用于購買國債

20、或轉存國家儲蓄金庫；日本郵政儲蓄在很長一段時期將其全部資金通過大藏省資金運用部，交給財政投融資進行運用，自己不得對資金進行任何形式的運用。 2. varying support for the government. germany, the netherlands postal savings bank and commercial banks no longer any difference between the government of the postal savings basically no special policy support. france, japan ther

21、e are different levels of policy support. such as the french postal savings entitled to certain preferential policies for the exemption of interest income tax, while japan established the annual october for postal savings, postal provinces nationwide savings in promotional activities, government dep

22、artments full assistance2.政府扶持力度不一。德國、荷蘭郵政儲蓄銀行與一般商業銀行已無什么差別，政府對郵政儲蓄基本沒有特別的政策支持。而法國、日本都存在不同程度的政策扶持。如法國郵政儲蓄享有一定的免征利息所得稅優惠政策，而日本確定每年的10月為郵政儲蓄月，郵政省在全國范圍內開展儲蓄促銷活動，政府部門通力協助。 3. service concept means different. despite the different business models under the postal savings and service targets are located i

23、n the basic personal, pay attention to the quality of service, but the national postal savings service concept and meaning there is still some difference. such as germany, the netherlands and other countries of the postal savings, their services are generally reflected in the retail business of cons

24、tant innovation and development, the full range of business, or stability to attract new customers, while still in the development stage of the postal savings reform, the general highlighted their financial business concessions and convenience.3.服務理念手段不一。盡管不同經營模式下的郵政儲蓄，服務對象基本都定位于個人，都注重服務質量，但各國郵政儲蓄的服

25、務理念及內涵還是存在一定的差別。如德國、荷蘭等國的郵政儲蓄，其服務一般體現在零售業務的不斷創新和拓展上，以業務種類齊全、新穎來吸引或穩定客戶群；而對于尚處于發展改革階段的郵政儲蓄，一般突出其金融業務的優惠性和便利性。 third, foreign postal financial development models of chinas postal savings business of the enlightenment三、國外郵政金融發展模式對我國郵政儲蓄業務的啟示 through the above analysis, foreign postal financial model of

26、 successful development experience, with chinas national conditions, i believe that the establishment of china post bank after the main wholesale business, retail business, supplemented by, and vigorously develop intermediary business.通過以上分析，借鑒國外郵政金融發展模式的成功經驗，結合我國國情，筆者認為，我國成立郵政銀行后應以批發業務為主、零售業務為輔，大力發

27、展中間業務。 (a) in the maintenance of the existing system on the basis of supporting reforms(一)在維持現行制度基礎上進行配套改革 chinas postal savings under the current development situation, the reform must take a gradual approach, that is, in a certain period of time remained of central bank funds to the mode of operat

28、ion, began supporting reforms, for the next step to prepare for the establishment of post bank. on the one hand, to be in the form of law provisions of the statutory supervision of postal savings institutions, a sound legal system, postal savings to truly help the restructuring of financial institut

29、ions; on the other hand, but also as soon as possible so that the postal savings independent accounting and solve the postal savings and the costs, benefits division. we must also intensify efforts to train financial professionals, the current employees in the postal savings deposit and remove opera

30、tional, it almost does not have any financial knowledge, this will be the next post bank after the founding of the biggest problems. therefore, the problem of the scarcity of talent is supporting the reform of postal savings in most urgent need to address the problem.根據我國郵政儲蓄目前的發展情況，改革必須采取漸進的方式，即在一定

31、時期內仍保持資金轉存央行的經營模式，同時開始進行配套改革，為下一步成立郵政銀行做準備。一方面，要以法律的形式規定郵政儲蓄的法定監管機構，健全法規制度，幫助郵政儲蓄向名副其實的金融機構轉型；另一方面，又要盡快讓郵政儲蓄獨立核算，解決好郵政與儲蓄之間的成本、利益分割。同時也要加大力度培養金融專業人才，郵政儲蓄目前的從業人員除去存取款業務操作外，幾乎不具備任何金融知識，這將是未來郵政銀行成立后面臨的最大難題。因此，人才稀缺問題是目前郵政儲蓄配套改革中最迫切需要解決的問題。 (b) establishing the conditions of our countrys postal savings b

32、ank(二)建立符合我國國情的郵政儲蓄銀行 postal savings in network resources, capital and market environment has inherent adaptability of comparative advantage, but in the release of the loan has obvious disadvantages. to maintain financial stability considerations, chinas postal savings system should be designed as a

33、 mobile service functions and credit functions of the separation of the pattern of development. in the composition of assets and liabilities, in the form of books or cds from residents, businesses, governments absorb the savings deposits and cheque deposits, and if these deposits to invest in govern

34、ment bonds, corporate bonds, commercial paper, lending and other high security and the mobility of financial assets, not operating on city business and personal credit business. segregation of the functions of commercial banks, thus to prevent bank run from happening. this pattern of chinas postal s

35、avings should be chosen on the basis of retail banking, wholesale business in the city run, run credit business in the rural areas, the establishment of a wholesale + retail urban + rural credit model.郵政儲蓄在網絡資源、資金和市場環境方面具有先天適應性比較優勢，但在貸款的發放上卻存在明顯的劣勢。從維護金融體系的穩定考慮，我國郵政儲蓄應設計成流動服務職能和信貸發放職能相分離的發展模式。在資產負債構

36、成方面，以存折或存單的形式從居民、企業、政府處吸收儲蓄存款和支票存款，并將這些存款投資于如政府債券、公司債券、商業票據、同業拆借等具有高度安全性和流動性的金融資產，不經營對城市工商企業和個人的信貸業務。分流商業銀行的職能，由此來防止銀行“擠提”的發生。由此我國郵政儲蓄的模式應選擇在零售銀行的基礎上，在城市開辦批發業務，在農村開辦信貸業務，建立“零售+城市批發+農村信貸”模式。 in addition, the rapid development of postal savings to a large extent benefited from the post office network

37、advantages bodies, as if all this from the post and lose, the new postal savings bank would have the advantage. as a result, the postal savings bank in any case can not be with the postal agency network separation. germany can learn from the practices, the establishment of a post bank, post offices

38、in their establishments, facilities and network discount shares and the remaining shares held by the government or the community or the public to raise funds to become shareholders. of course, the post office can also purchase the remaining shares, the post bank into a wholly owned subsidiary of pos

39、t offices. when the time is ripe, post bank will also be listed.此外，郵政儲蓄的快速發展在很大程度上得益于郵政局的機構網點優勢，因此假如這一切都隨著脫離郵政而失去，新成立的郵政儲蓄銀行就會沒有了優勢。因而，郵政儲蓄銀行無論如何不能同郵政機構網絡相分離。可借鑒德國的做法，成立一個郵政銀行股份有限公司，郵政局以其經營場所、設施和網絡折價入股，其余股份或者由政府持有或者向社會公開募集資金入股。當然，郵政局也可以購買其余股份，使郵政銀行成為由郵政局完全控股的子公司。在時機成熟的時候，也可將郵政銀行上市。 (c) innovation of

40、 postal services(三)創新郵政業務 the core competitiveness of enterprises is a key factor in the continued success and the core competitiveness of enterprises in general from the comparative advantage. postal savings identified choice city wholesale+ retail + rural credit model of development, should make f

41、ull use has been access to the comparative advantages, development of its staff, technological equipment and other aspects of the initiative latent creative potential comparative advantage, through increased capital investment and accelerating the speed of technological change, increase market competitiveness. at the same time because of the popularity of postal outlets, the absorption of postal savings deposits to a large extent from the rural areas. to enable the funds can come from rural areas to promote rural economic development, may wish to adopt a system designed to abso