1、2017年高考英語備考 優生百日闖關系列專題11 閱讀填空（含解析）2017年高考英語備考 優生百日闖關系列專題11 閱讀填空（含解析） 編輯整理：尊敬的讀者朋友們：這里是精品文檔編輯中心，本文檔內容是由我和我的同事精心編輯整理后發布的，發布之前我們對文中內容進行仔細校對，但是難免會有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2017年高考英語備考 優生百日闖關系列專題11 閱讀填空（含解析）的內容能夠給您的工作和學習帶來便利。同時也真誠的希望收到您的建議和反饋，這將是我們進步的源泉，前進的動力。本文可編輯可修改，如果覺得對您有幫助請收藏以便隨時查閱，最后祝您生活愉快 業績進步，以下為2017年高考英語備考

2、優生百日闖關系列專題11 閱讀填空（含解析）的全部內容。專題11 閱讀填空方法與技巧題型特點1。文章的篇幅較短，詞數多為280330,兼顧多種體裁，通常有記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文等，要求考生充分利用所給信息，回答文章提出的問題。通常文章難度不大，關鍵是考查考生高效處理信息的能力，還要求考生對文章有更深層次的理解。但是題目并不容易，很容易出錯。2?？疾閷ξ恼碌慕Y構的了解，把握住全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關系。解題方法通過對高考中“七選五”型閱讀理原題以及大量同類試題研究可知,此類試題雖然新穎，但是也有其特有的解題規律，主要注重解題的竅門和方法，成功闖關，選準答案的難度并不大。將

3、此方法歸結為“通讀全文、詳讀段落、定位選項、通讀復檢、確定排除五步解題法。以下就此方法進行分析，希望此方法能為同學們的解題提供助力.步驟一：通讀全文，對文章進行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結構及文章的寫作內容。在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因 為開門見山”與結尾總結的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說明本文將探討哪些內容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路,有時甚至會以提綱的形式-呈現.首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句,就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節將如何展開，并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的 了解。如果末

4、句不是主題句,則需要繼續尋找。這時，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為結尾總結：式，如兩者均可排除,則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意首段 與末段的提示作用。步驟二：詳讀段落，在短時間內，找出每段寫作內容的關鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意.文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據整體文章寫作主題展開，對文章主體進行的不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關鍵詞，明確其描述內容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。步驟三：定位選項，明確各備選選項的含義，抓住其關鍵詞語,根據文章整體結構與具體內容，將選項填入文中，填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標志詞。在定位選項時，要特別注意空格上下

5、段的寫作內容,以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結構和意義。將所選項放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系，是否符合該處語境.能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內容還是銜接上都能做到通順。一篇文章作為一個整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的,在選項定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索，文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體。如果帶入選項后，發現文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾,應更換其它選項。步驟四：通讀復檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文,重點考查邏輯關系和關聯結構。 在完成選項定位后，應通讀全文，檢查文章內容是否完整，語義是否連貫合理、各段落內容是否緊扣主題,語

6、篇結構是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時,我們還應注意對相近選項的對比分析,個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內容相近具有很強的干擾性,這時就需要我們認真分析，仔細甄別,排除干擾,從而得出正確選項。步驟五：確定排除，研究多余選項,確定排除理由，最終確定答案。 在檢查后，應再次查看所排除選項,進一步確定排除理由,以防造成易混選項誤選。體驗高考1.【2016全國新課標i】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。 secret codes （密碼)keep messages pri

7、vate。banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business， especially when information is sent by computer。 people have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 code breaking never lags（落后） far behind code making。 the science of creating and reading coded messages is call

8、ed cryptography。 there are three main types of cryptography。 37 for example， the first letters of “my elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “meet me.”38 you might represent each letter with a number， for example, lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order， from 1 to 26。 if

9、 we substitute a number for each letter, the message “meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” a code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences。 to read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 for example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” the mes

10、sage “bridge out” would actually mean “meet me.” 40 however, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. so codes must be changed frequently.a. itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook。b. inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.c。 onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.d。 asl

11、ongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem。e。 youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout。f. withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.g。 anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet. 【答案】36。40 d e g。f a37。e考查對上下文的理解和判斷能

12、力。后面舉的例子是來證明人們設置密碼時往往會利用一些單詞的第一個字母來作為密碼，由此判斷e選項內容符合語境邏輯。38.g考查對上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據后面的解釋內容可以判斷這是介紹密碼設置的又一種方法，故g選項內容anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet。符合語境。39.f考查對上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據后面的舉例以及前句中的 a code book可以判斷該句是介紹密碼書的使用,故判斷f選項withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwou

13、ldstandforotherwords.可以起到承上啟下的作用。40。a考查對上下文的理解和判斷能力。根據空后內容的轉折可知盡管利用密碼書可以破譯密碼,但是一本密碼書也不會使用很久的時間，故判斷a選項itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.符合語境?？键c：七選五閱讀理解 【歸納總結】七選五閱讀填空考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握.解題技巧如下：1.注重句式的對接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2。 注重詞匯的銜接：也就是利用上下文所重復的關鍵詞,即詞的復現原則進行判斷,其中包括同義詞，原詞和反義詞的復現。3。注重舉例或解釋等。

14、如37題和39題只需要利用for example來進行解題。2?！?016全國新課標ii】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項.a garden thats just right for youhave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum（總和) of its parts？ 16 . but it doesnt happen by

15、accident. it starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._17 some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color。 others are concerned about using gardenin

16、g methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）。 18 . however, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. one of them comes from our earliest years.recall(回憶)your childhood memories our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood。 gra

17、ndmas rose garden and dads vegetable garden might be good or bad， but thats not whats important. 19 how being in those gardens made us feel。 if youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden， start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth。 20 then go outside and work out a plan t

18、o translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. have fun.a. know why you gardenb。 find a good place for your own gardenc。 its our experience of the garden that mattersd。 its delightful to see so many beautiful flowerse. still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsf。

19、 you can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden， toog. for each of those gardens， writer down the strongest memory you have 【答案】16。 f 17. a 18. e 19. c 20。 g【解析】試題分析：本文屬于說明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來美好的視覺享受，文章中給出了兩個自己建設花園的的具體建議.16.f 根據前兩句提出：你是否參觀過那些讓你感覺非常好的花園？你也可以自己搞一個屬于你自己的花園.故f項“你也可以把你自己的花園搞得那么

20、美好”符合上下文串聯。17.a 根據本段前兩句“some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers, patterns and masses of color. others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）.”可知不同人對花園有不同的看法,再倒數第二句“然而，有很多能夠解釋你為什么想做園藝的原因”可知我們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝.故a項正確。18.e 本段

21、前兩句提出有些人認為花園只是一些花花草草，有些人關心少用水少用廢料。本句仍然在說明人們對園藝的不同看法。故e項“還有其他人只是喜歡在戶外接觸植物”與上下文一致，也是人們對于園藝的觀點.【名師點睛】 本文屬于七選五閱讀中最常見的設空在段首的方法，通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內容,根據段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。本題我們根據倒數第二句“however， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我們首先要知道為什么要搞園藝。故a項為本段主題句。 當七

22、選五閱讀設空在句首時，還可能存在以下兩種情況： 1. 屬于段落間的過渡句.這時要前瞻后望找啟示，即閱讀上一段結尾部分,通常正確答案與上一段結尾有機地銜接起來，并結合下一段內容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內容連貫起來. 2. 與后文是并列、轉折、因果關系等.著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞,然后在選項中查找相關特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的,因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段,尤其當選項是幾句話時。比如，如果選項中出現時間年代時，往往要注意與原文中年代的前后對應關系。考點：考查說明文閱讀3?！?016全國新課標iii】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處

23、的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 but it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home。 buying, storing， and cooking fish isnt difficult. 17

24、this text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge。 any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 19 when you have bought a fish and arrive home， youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if

25、 you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one。 therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish。 20 first, leanitandseasonitwithyourchoiceofspices(調料）。 putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampotfor8to10minutes

26、ifitweighsaboutonepound. （alargeronewilltakemoretime.) then， itsreadytoserve.a。 donotbuyit。b。 theeasiestistosteamit。c。 thisishowyoucandoit。d。 itjustrequiresalittleknowledge。e. thefishwillgobadwithinhours。f. whenbuyingfish, youshouldfirstsmellit。g。 thefatsinfisharethoughttohelppreventheartdisease.【答案

27、】16。 g17. d18。 f19。 a20. b17. d考查上下文串聯.題目前一句“buying， storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult.”可知，購買，存放和燒魚并非難事，再根據后面一句可知，文章主要介紹了買魚和燒魚的簡單知識，d項“這僅僅需要一點知識”符合語境，此題容易與c項混淆,c項后面應該直接跟燒魚的方法，即c項與后一句重復，故選d。18。 f考查上下文串聯。根據“fresh fish should smell sweet可知,本段講的是買魚的時候要聞一下魚的氣味，故選f。19. a考查上下文串聯。根據前一句“any fishy or s

28、trong smell means the fish isnt fresh?！笨芍?，帶有強烈的味道的魚都不是新鮮的，不應該買這樣的魚，a項與后句聯系緊密，故選a。20。 b考查上下文串聯。根據“putthewholefishonaplateandsteamitinasteampot”可知，本段介紹的是蒸魚的方法，故選b.考點：生活類短文閱讀 【名師點睛】高考七選五解題方法1。通讀全文,了解文章大意.這是一個泛讀的過程，目的是了解文章大意，為以后的理解做鋪墊。2。分析句型，了解語法構成3。當我們了解了文章大意后,要明確每一個空是填一個整句子還是半個句子。這一點十分重要，它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些

29、空的選項范圍，比如，有一個空的結尾處沒有標點符號，后文緊跟著一個句子的后半部分，很顯然這時我們需要填的是半個句子，這時便可以在七個選項中找到是半個句子的選項,從而縮小選擇范圍。4。明確關聯關系。任何句子都是要么和上文有聯系,要么和下文有聯系,要么和上下文都有聯系。例如第16空,第19空和第20空都與它們的前一句有聯系。5。帶入通讀，復查做完題目切忌直接離開,這是我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍，將其看做一片行文通順語意連貫的文章來讀，這是如果感到有含義不連貫的地方，很有可能是我們填錯了空,就要復查了，注意：七選五的特點在于，錯一道，往往還會錯另外的一道或幾道，我們叫做連錯”，所以當你發現

30、自己有一處填的有問題時，一定要同時檢查其它空。4。【2016北京】根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出正確的填入空白處。選項中有兩項為多余選項.the science of riskseeking sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward， the risk seems worth taking. 71 some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scar

31、e the rest of us。 why？ experts say it may have to do with how our brains work。 the reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans。 risktakers were better at hunting, fighting， or exploring. 72 as the quality of risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next， humans

32、ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk。 so why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? well， even 200,000 years ago, too much risktaking could get one killed. a few daring survived, though， along with a few stayin-the-cave types。 as a result, humans developed a range of char

33、acter types that still exists today. so maybe you love car racing， or maybe you hate it。 73 no matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years。 74 to help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new expe

34、riences. new experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.mean taking some risks， so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well。 75 for the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active， while for the rest of us， a part

35、of the brain related to fear becomes active。 as experts continue to study the science of riskseeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.a。 it all depends on your character。b。 those are the risks you should jump to take。c。 being better at those things meant

36、a greater chance of survival。d. thus, these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest.e. this is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world。f。 however, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.g. new brain research sugge

37、sts our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【答案】71. f72. c73. a74. e75。 g【解析】試題分析：文章從科學上對追求冒險和刺激進行了解釋.冒險行為與大腦的工作機制有關，當大腦的快樂中樞被激活時，人們就會采取冒險行為。71. f考查上下文串聯。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，f項“然而,并不是所有人都使用同樣的參考標準來權衡風險和回報”符合語境，故選f.考點：科研類短文閱讀 【名師點睛】 1、先看選項。跟完形填空不一樣，七選五的答案選項較少,并且

38、給出的都是句子,因此，我們可以通過句子的完整性或者句子后面的標點符號來判斷該句在文章中的位置。另外,通過閱讀選項，有可能找出跟其他選項表達完全不同意思的句子，這樣的話我們就可以直接將該選項排除。2、再看空前空后。由于七選五空出的是整個句子，而這些句子與句子之間,必然有一種聯系，因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯性,從而選擇正確的答案。 3、注意代詞或定冠詞。在做這類題目的時候，一定要注意句子中出現的人稱代詞或者指示代詞，因為我們知道，代詞是指代一個名詞或者一個句子的,然后通過代詞在句子中所做的成分我們可以推斷出它指代的句子的類型，我

39、們要做的就是從選項中找這類句型就可以了。 4、注意一些特殊疑問詞。如果選項中或空前出現特殊疑問詞，一定要把這句話仔細讀幾遍，因為對于不同特殊疑問詞的回答方式是不一樣的,比如對why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的詞，對when的回答，后面要有表時間的狀語,對where的回答,后面要有表地點的名詞，對how的回答，后面要有方式狀語等。 5、注意一些連詞。如一些表示轉折的連詞，but，however,yet，though，nevertheless等,另外還有一些表示并列關系的連詞如and,also，aswellas,neithernor，eitheror，notonly。.。butalso

40、，ononehand.。.ontheotherhand等。因為這些連詞可以表現句子與句子之間的關系，通過不同的連詞我們可以推知句子與句子之間不同的關系.5.【2016四川】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項.both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16 in general， they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. one reason for this is

41、biological.one important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women。 17 between the ages of about 12 and 50， women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力）。 these hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow。 in

42、 fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks。18theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections。thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen。thecommoncoldisagoodexample：women，onaverage，getfewercoldsthanmen。19scientistsarestillnote

43、xactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency（向)toagemoreslowlythanamans.othersthinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20ahowever，women,onaverage,livelonger.b。thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart。c。womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes

44、.d。thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.e.recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities。f.therefore，womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife。g.hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions.【答案】16.a 17。g 18.d 19.c 20。e18。d根據下句：它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染?？芍丝盏?/p>

45、意思是：女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護身體。故選d.19。c根據下句：科學家仍然沒有確切地表明基因怎樣影響年齡，但是他們認為基因卻是在影響年齡?？芍暇洌号曰蛞苍趲椭?。20.e根據空格前兩句：一些人認為女性身體細胞有一個比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認為男性身體細胞有一個老化快的傾向?？芍猠項符合題意?！白罱芯克坪踔С诌@兩種可能”。故選e.【名師點睛】在做七選五時一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示詞，可以準確確定空格上的選項。比如第20小題，somethinkthatawomansbodycellshaveatendency(向）toagemoreslowlythanamans.otherst

46、hinkthatamansbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly。20句中的some- others-，是關鍵詞，從這里知道這是兩種觀點。根據空格前兩句：一些人認為女性身體細胞有一個比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認為男性身體細胞有一個老化快的傾向?？芍猠項符合題意?！白罱芯克坪踔С诌@兩種可能”。故選e.考點：考查信息匹配 模擬新題精選1.【河北省廊坊市2017屆高三上學期期末】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項。 when it comes to physical activity， the more you

47、do, the more you can do. 36 however, most of us dont get the necessary amount， and were paying for that in countless physiological and psychological ways。 many of us are ageing faster than we should because of poor diets and exercise habits。 37 。 but we dont have to accept it。 there are many easy an

48、d enjoyable ways for those sitting in the office， and the benefits of doing so are enormous。 here are some ways to make exercise your daily habits.1. start slow overdoing it at the beginning is the major reason why people give up。 38 . if it hurts or makes you dizzy， dont do it。2。 make it a habit es

49、tablish a routine。 keep exercising three to four days a week for a few months. the practice will become second nature-you may even look forward to it.3。 manage expectationsthe objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago。 39 . you wont drop 20 kg in a few weeks at

50、the gym-this is a long-term project.4。 40 having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun。 there are groups offering almost everything you can imagine, from cycling to hiking and bird watching。a. consider working with a personal trainerb。 tam up with othersc。 were also gettin

51、g sick more often and for longer periodsd. we knew we need exercise to remain healthye。 over time the benefits of running will reveal themselvesf。 you need to imagine the best person you can be right nowg. pay attention to signals your body is sending you【文章大意】文章介紹如何正確地鍛煉能對身體有好處。38g根據下文“if it hurts

52、or makes you dizzy, dont do it?！笨芍@些都是身體發出的信號。故選g。39f根據上文“the objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago?！蹦繕瞬皇强粗R子，看到20年前的你,接下來應該是:你需要想象你現在能成為最好的人。故選f。40b根據下文“having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun.可知,這段主要介紹要和別人合作。故選b。2。【廣東省肇慶市20

53、17屆高三第二次模擬】根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項.選項中有兩項為多余選項.it is very common for you to find yourself in an unfamiliar situation. 36 yes, everyone tells you to stand on your own two feet and take responsibility for your action, but if you havent experienced a situation before， how can you know what to do?w

54、e usually try our best to do everything on our own and not to rely on others, but at certain times calling for help is the best way forward. you can picture the scene of the man-it is usually a man-driving blindly around an unfamiliar town looking for an address he doesnt know。 37 and he could get t

55、o his appointment on time。 it is obvious to everybody in such a case that asking for help is not a sign of weakness, but rather the sensible thing to do。 38 for example, you are looking for a new job and need to write your resume(簡歷）。 if your pride prevents you from getting help and you just do the

56、writing yourself, it may well cost the opportunity you are seeking. similarly, when you just started a new job, you often dont want to admit that you havent got the knowledge to finish a particular task， so you keep going and eventually make things worse than they were。 this may lead to a diminishing(貶低）of you in the eyes of the boss。 39 now you can see that asking for help is not a sign of weakness but is the sensible and mature thing to do. 40 making your life easier by a