有機化學專業英語1Angularmethylgroup角甲基Alkylidenegroup亞烷基Allylgroup烯丙基Allylic烯丙型的Phenylgroup苯基Arylgroup芳基Benzylgroup芐基Benzylic芐型的Activatinggroup活化基團Chromophore生色團Auxochrome助色團Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向異性基團Smallyring小環Commonring普通環Mediumrimg中環Largering大環Bridged-ringsystem橋環體系Spirocompound螺環化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面體化合物Conjugation共軛Conjugated-system共軛體系Acylcation?；x子Benzyliccation芐基正離子Arenirmion芳基正離子Ketylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基離子Radicalcation自由基正離子Radicalanion自由基負離子Isomerism異構現象Aciform酸式Fluxionalstructure循變結構Stereochemistry立體化學Opticalactivity光學活性Dextroisomer右旋異構體Laevoisomer左旋異構體Tetrahedralconfiguration四面體構型Stereoisomerism立體異構現象Asymmetricatom不對稱原子Asymmetriccarbon不對稱碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對稱碳Phantomatom虛擬原子Homotopic等位的Heterotopic異位的Enantiotopic對映異位腯Diastereotopic非對映異位的Configuration構型Absoluteconfiguration絕對構型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chiralcenter手性中心Chiralmolecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischerprojection費歇爾投影式Neomanprojection紐曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名體系R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence順序規則Symmetryfactor對稱因素Planeofsymmetry對稱面Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對稱Enantiomer對映異構體Diastereomer非對映異構體Epimer差向異構體Anomer端基差向異構體Erythroconfiguration赤型構型Erythroisomer赤型異構體Threoconfiguration蘇型構型Threoisomer蘇型異構體Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism順反異構EisomerE異構體ZisomerZ異構體Endoisomer內型異構體Exoisomer外型異構體Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基團Pro-Sproup前S基團RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體溶液Mesocompound內消旋化合物Quasirecemate準外消旋體有機化學專業英語2Conformation構象Conformational構象分析Torsionangle扭轉角Rotamer旋轉異構體Anticonformation反式構象Bisectingconformation等分構象Antiperiplanarconformation反疊構象Synperiplanarconformation順疊構象Synclinalconformation反錯構象Synclinalconformation順錯構象Eclipsedconformation重疊構象Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formation鄰位交叉構象Staggeredconformation對位交叉構象Stericeffect空間效應Sterichindrance位阻Atropismer阻轉異構體Puckeredring折疊環Conformationalinversion構象反轉Chairconformation椅型構象Boatconformation船型構象Twistconformation扭型構象Skewboatconformation扭船型構象Half-chairconformation半椅型構象Pseudorotation假旋轉Envelopeconformation信封型構象Axialbond直立鍵Equatorialbond平伏鍵Cisoidconformation順向構象Transoidconformation反向構象Retentionofconfiguration構型保持Regioselectivity區域選擇性Regiospecificity區域專一性Stereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專一性Conformer構象異構體Conformationaleffect構象效應Cramsrube克拉姆規則Prelogrule普雷洛格規則Stereochemicalorientation立體化學取向Conformationaltransmission構象傳遞Homolog同系物Ipsoposition本位Orthoposition鄰位Metaposition間位Paraposition對位Amphiposition遠位Periposition近位Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道法Valencebondmethod價鍵法Delocalezedbond離域鍵Crossconjugation交叉共軛Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效應Resonance共振Resonanceeffect共振效應Hyperconjugation超共軛Isovalenthyperconjugation等價超共軛No-bondresonance無鍵共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克爾規則Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環電流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環電流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicreaction周環反應Electrocyclicrearrangement電環化重排Conrotatory順旋Disroatatory對旋Cycloaddition環加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction對稱禁阻反應Synfacialreaction同面反應Antarafacialreaction異面反應Mobiussystem默比烏斯體系Leoisstructure路易斯結構Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價鍵Bananabond香蕉鍵Paulingelectronegativityscale鮑林電負性標度Polarizability可極化性Inductiveeffect誘導效應Fieldeffect場效應有機化學專業英語3Electricaleffect電場效應tautomerism互變異構Tautomerization互變異構化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變異構Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯胺互變異構Ring-chaintautomerism環-鏈互變異構Valencetautomerism價互變異構Ambident兩可的Solventeffect溶劑效應Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶劑Basicsolvent堿性溶劑Dielectricconstant介電常數Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸堿催化反應Conjugatebase共軛酸Conjugatebase共軛堿Thermodynamicacidity熱力學酸度Kineticacidity動力學酸度Electrondonof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcomplex電子給體受體絡合物Host主體Guest客體Primaryisotopeeffect一級同位素效應Secondaryisotopeeffect二級同位數效應Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效應Kineticcontrol動力學控制Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學控制Substrate底物Intermediate中間體Reactiveintermediate活潑中間體Microscopicreversibility微觀可逆性Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說Linearfreeenergy線性自由能Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作用Torsionaleffect扭轉效應Pitzerstrain皮策張力Restrictedrotation阻礙旋轉Eclipsingeffect重疊效應Eclipsingstrain重疊張力Small-anglestrain小角張力Largeanglestrain大角張力Transannularinteraction跨環相互作用Transannularstrain跨環張力Istrain內張力Fstrain前張力Bstrain后張力Anomericeffect端基異構效應Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反轉Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral純手性的Mechanism機理Unimolecularnucleophilic單分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子內親核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香親核取代Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution單分子親電取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitution親核體協助單分子親電取代Unimolecularelimination單分子消除Bimolecularelimination雙分子消除Unimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase單分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase雙分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup雙分子羰基形成消除Unimolecularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencle有機化學專業英語4avage雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂-allylcomplexmechanism烯丙型絡合機理Borderlinemechanism邊理機理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis異裂Heterolyticmichanism異裂機理Counrergegenion反荷離子Ionpair離子對Carbocation碳正離子Nonclassicalcarbocation非經典碳正離子Carbanion碳負離子Maskedcarbanion掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Nitrene氮賓Carbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition親電加成Electrophile親電體Diaxialaddition雙直鍵加成Markovnikovsrube馬爾科夫尼科規則Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏加成Michaeladdition邁克爾加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution親電取代Addition-eliminationmechanism加成消除機理Electrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion親電芳香取代Electrontransfer電子轉移Electron-donatinggroup給電子基團Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子基團Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對位定位基Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Orthoeffect鄰位效應Partialratefactor分速度系數Nucleophilicreaction親核反應Internalreturn內返Nucleophilicity親核體Nucleophilicity親核性-effect-效應Backsideattack背面進攻Inversion反轉Umbrellaeffect傘效應Push-pulleffect推拉效應Leavinggroup離去基團Electrofuge離電體Nucleofuge離核體Phase-transfercatalysis相轉移催化Neighboringgroupparticipation鄰基基參與Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistance鄰助作用Neighboringgroupeffect鄰基效應Apofacialreaction反面反應Briddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代Arylaction芳正離子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫規則Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmannsrule霍夫曼規則Bredtrule布雷特規則Initiation引發Anioniccleavage負離子裂解Partialbondfixation鍵的部分固定化023有機化學反應Alkylation烷基化C-alkylationC-烷基化O-alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustivemethylation徹底甲基化Secoalkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation脫甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲酰化Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination雙氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交換有機化學專業英語5Hydroxylation羥基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵化Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化Dehalogenation脫鹵Nitration硝化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝化Nitrosation亞硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺酰化Desulfonation脫磺酸基Sulfenylation亞磺酰化Sulfonylation磺?；疌hlorosulfenation氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazotransfer重氮基轉移Couplingreaction偶聯反應Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶聯反應1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugateaddition共軛加成Dimerization二聚Trimefization三聚Additivedimerization加成二聚sulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氫化Oxyamination羥氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氫甲?；疕ydroacylation加氫?；疧xoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脫羰Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Ringclsure環合Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Dienophile親雙烯體Endoaddition內型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德反應RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應Enesynthesis單烯合成Anioniccycloaddition負離子環加成Dipolaraddition偶極加成-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Deamination脫氨基Pyrolyticelimination熱解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation脫羧Decarboxamidation脫酰胺Decyanation脫氰基Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage?；呀釬lashpyrolysis閃熱裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反應Chelation螯環化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交換Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation鹵烷基化Transacetalation縮醛交換Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction鹵仿反應Condensation縮合Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羥醛縮合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆羥醛縮合Acyloincondensation偶姻縮合有機化學專業英語6Cyclization環化Annulation,annelation增環反應Spiroannulation螺增環Autoxidation自氧化Allylichydroperoxylation烯丙型氫過氧化Epoxidation環氧化Oxonolysis臭氧解Electrochemicaloxidation電化學氧化Oxidativedecarboxylation氧化脫羧Aromatization芳構化Catalytichydrogenation催化氫化Heterogeneoushydrogenation多相氫化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氫化Catalyticdehydrogenation催化脫氫Transferhydrogenation轉移氫化Hydrogenolysis氫解Dissolvingmetalreduction溶解金屬還原Singleelectrontransfer單電子轉移Bimolecularreduction雙分子還原Electrochemicalreduction電化學還原Reductivealkylation還原烷基化Reductiveacylation還原?；疪eductivedimerization還原二聚Deoxygenation脫氧Desulfurization脫硫Deselenization脫硒Mitallation金屬化Lithiation鋰化Hydrometallation氫金屬化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羥汞化Aminomercuration氨汞化Abstraction奪取反應Internalabstraction內奪取反應Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement質了轉移重排Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移Ringcontraction環縮小反應Ringexpansion,ringenlargement擴環反應-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacolrearrangement頻哪醇重排Retropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪醇重排Semipinacolrearrangement半頻哪醇重排Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acylrearrangement?；嘏臡igratoryaptitude遷移傾向Transannularinsertion跨環插入Transannularrearrangement跨環重排Migration遷移Prototropy質子轉移Cationotropicrearrangement正離子轉移重排Anionotropy負離子轉移Anionotropicrearrangement負離子轉移重排Sigmatropicrearrangement-遷移重排Homosigmatropicrearrangement同遷移重排Electrophilicrearrangement親電重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光異構化Photochemicalrearrangement光化學重排有機化合物類名Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳氫化合物Alkane烷Wax蠟Paraffinwax石蠟Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Activehydrogencompounds活潑氫化合物Carbonacid碳氫酸Superacid超酸Diene雙烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkylhalide鹵代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚有機化學專業英語7Epoxide環氧化物Cellosolve溶纖劑Crownether冠醚Netrocompound硝基化合物Amine胺Quaternaryammoniumcom-pound季銨化合物Amineoxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan硫醇Sulfonicacid磺酸Sulfoxide亞砜Sulfone砜Aldehyde醛Detone酮Aldehydehydrate醛水合物Ketonehydrate酮水合物Hemiacetal半縮醛Acetal縮醛acetal化乙縮醛,乙縮醛二乙醇Ketal縮酮Dithiane二噻烷Aminal縮醛胺imine亞胺Aldimine醛亞胺Oxime肟Aldimine醛肟Oxime亞硝基化合物aldoxime硝酮Hydrazone腙Azine嗪Semicarbazone縮氯基脲Cyanohydrin羥腈Pinacol頻哪醇Enol烯醇Enolether烯醇醚Enolester烯醇酯Enamine烯胺Ynamine炔胺Mannichbase曼尼希堿Carboxylicacid羧酸Ester酯orthoester原酸酯Acylhalide酰鹵Acylfluoride酰氟Acylchloride酰氯Acylrtomide酰溴Acyliodide酰碘Carbobenzoxychloride芐氧甲酰氯Acyltosylate?；鶎妆交撬狒鸎etene乙烯酮Peracid過酸Perester過酸酯Acylperoxide?；^氧化物Nitrile腈Nitrileoxide氧化腈Isonitrile異腈Amide酰胺Imide二酰亞胺N-bromocompoundN-溴化物Hydrazide酰肼Acylazide酰疊氮Amidine脒Ketoester酮酸酯Acylcyanide酰腈Carbonsuboxide二氧化三碳Glycidicacid環氧丙酸Carbammicacid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Urea脲Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亞胺Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiolacid硫羰酸Lactone內酯Lactol內半縮醛Macrolide大環內酯Aminoacid氨基酸Zwitterions兩性離子Innersalt內鹽Betaine甜菜堿Lactam內酰胺Hydantion乙內酰脲Peptide肽Glycol二醇有機化學專業英語8Aldol羥醛Acyloin偶姻Carbohydrate碳水化合物Aldose醛糖Ketose酮糖Furanose呋喃糖Pyranose吡喃糖Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡萄糖苷Aglycon苷元Saccharide糖類Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Alditol糖醇Osazone脎Alicycliccompound脂環化合物Cycloalkene環烷Spirane環烯Cagecompound螺烷Propellane籠型化合物Rotazane螺槳烷Catenane輪烷Rusedring索烴化學專業英語詞匯常用前后綴-acetal醛縮醇acetal-乙酰acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛alkali-堿allyl丙烯基alkoxy-烷氧基-amide酰胺amino-氨基的-amidine脒-amine胺-ane烷anhydride酐anilino-苯胺基aquo-含水的-ase酶-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯