Unit12InnovationLesson1ScientificBreakthroughs

(Part1)animportantdevelopmentorachievementPre-reading:Canyounamesomeothergreatinventionsordiscoveriesofthe20thcentury?Mass-energyequation質能方程Penicillin盤尼西林（青霉素）：adrugthatkillsbacteriaandisusedtotreatinfectionsPre-reading:Doyouknowwhoinvented/discoveredthesethings?ThefirstcomputerTheInternet(WorldWideWeb)While-readingReadthepassagetofindouttheanswer.Andpayattentiontothestructureofthisarticle.Matchthemainideawitheachpart.Part1(Para.1)Part2(Para.2~Para.6)Part3(Para.7)TheintroductiontoamazingdiscoveriesExamplesofafewpioneersSignificanceofthesebreakthroughsFastreadingReadandExploreReadPart1andtellwhatinventions/discoveriesarementionedinthispart.Para.1AmazingdiscoveriesmedicinecommunicationstransportotherknowledgeReadandExploreReadPart2anddrawamindmapabouttheinventions/discoveriesinthefollowingaspects:who,when,how,significance,and…;organizetheinformationinyourownway.theworld’s1stcomputer

Who?How?When?Significance?…ReadandExploreReportyourmindmapingroups.AlbertEinsteininspired

whilerockinghisbabyshowinghowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduceanunbelievableamountofenergytheory

ofrelativity—notconstantWho?Significance?How?…E=mc21905fixedorthatdoesnotchangeconstantReadandExploreAlexanderFlemingaluckyaccidenthelpingtosavethelivesofmillionsremainhumble“naturemadepenicillin,andIjustfoundit.”

Reportyourmindmapingroups.Who?Significance?How?…penicillin1929ReadandExploreWho?Significance?How?…Reportyourmindmapingroups.EckertandMauchlyworktogetherasateamtheworld’sfirstcomputer,toimprovetheaccuracyofmissileshuge,heavy,withcomplexcomponents,usingsomuchenergy…lightswentoutcomputer1946ReadandExploretheWorldWideWeb1990Who?Significance?How?…Reportyourmindmapingroups.TimBerners-LeedifferentscientistsworkedonitformanyyearsenablingcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachotherwithouttheInternet,lifeisunimaginableWhile-readingWhile-readingamazingdiscoveriesmedicinecommunicationstransportknowledgeWhile-reading2.WhatisthefunctionofPara.2inthetext?Itservesasatransitionpart,whichlinksthepreviouspartandthefollowingparts.（承上啟下）While-readingWhoinvented/discoveredit?Whenwasitinvented/discovered?Howwasitinvented/discovered?Whatwasthesignificanceofit?Scientificbreakthroughsinthe20thcentury3.ReadPara3-6andfindinformationabouthowthefollowingthingswereinvented/discovered.(pairwork)While-readingWhile-readingE=mc2WhoHowWhenSignificanceAlbertEinsteinHewasinspiredwhilerocking(tomovesb./sth.gentlyandslowly)hisbaby.Itshowedhowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduceanunbelievableamountofenergy.In1905“Theoryofrelativity”While-readingWhile-readingpenicillinWhoHowWhenSignificanceAlexanderFlemingHediscovereditbyaluckyaccident.Itsavedthelivesofmillions.In1928While-readingcomputerWhoHowWhenEckertandMauchlyTheydidthejobinajointeffort.Itwastheworld’sfirstcomputer.SignificanceWhile-readingIn1946While-readingHowdidthefirstcomputerlooklike?Pleaseunderlinesomefiguresinthisparagraph.100feet(1feet=30.48cm)longover10feethighover30,000kilograms18000tubesthousandsofcircuits6,000switchesgiant,complex,energy-consumingItwasnothinglikeourcomputerstoday!WriteT(true),F(false)orNI(noinformation)inbrackets.()1Itisnoteasytochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.

()2Anatomisthesmallestparticleofmatter.

()3Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation“E=mc2”.()4Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.

()5Einsteinobservedchangesintime,sizeandmass.

TFFNITnotthesmallestparticleofmattersinceitcanbesplit.Ewasrockinghisbabywhenhethoughtoftheequation“E=mc2”.ReadandExploreWriteT(true),F(false)orNI(noinformation)inbrackets.()6Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.()7Flemingdevelopedtheprocessofmakingpenicillin.

()8Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal.()9Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogramme.

()10Computerscouldnotconnecttoeachotherbefore1990.

FNITNIFjustreturnedfromaholidaywhentheAfewcomputerscouldconnecttoeachotherbefore1990.ReadandExploreThinkandShare

1.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?2.Whichdiscoveryorinventionwillmostinfluencethefuture?Why?3.Howdidthewriterconnecttheparagraphs?Underlinethesignalwordsorphrases.Ithinkpenicillinhasbeenthemostimportantdiscoverysofarbecauseithassavedmillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.Forexample,inWWII,manysoldiersgotwounded.Penicillinwasusefulinkeepingwoundsfromgettinginfectedandhelpingtospeedthehealingprocessofthosewoundsthatdidbecomeinfected.ThinkandShare

1.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Inmyopinion,theInternetwillmostinfluencethefutu