CampusCheatsUnit11新發(fā)展英語2StudyFocusUnderstandhowcampuscheatshavebeensurging.2.Graspthe“catchsomebodydoingsomething”structureinthissentence:Heoncecaughtonestudentusinghiscellphonetosendanswerstoafriend’spager.3.Explainwhycheatingstudentsaremissingthepointofeducation.4.Illustratetheimportanceofacademicintegrity.

CONTENTS

IntensiveReadingSkillsBuildingFastReadingPartⅠPartⅡPartⅢPartⅠIntensiveReadingPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension1.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.(1)Haveyouoryourclassmatesevercheatedontests?(2)Doyouknowwhatplagiarismis?PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension2.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandworkoutthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsandexpressions.(1)ThousandsofmotoristsinNewJerseyarestoppedfortrafficoffence,andthenaresurprisedtobeinformedtheirlicenseissuspended.(2)AmediawatchdogstudyofbroadcastnetworksfindsTVviolenceissurging.Theincidentshaverisen75%since1998.(3)Sheevenwentsofarastoaccuseherpresentbossofcorruption.(4)Internationaldisputesshouldbesettledonthisbasis,withoutresortingtotheuseorthreatofforce.PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionPre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionPre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionPre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionLet’sPuttheHeatonCampusCheats1.JamesTaylorwasastonishedattherampantcheatingtakingplaceinhishistoryclassattheUniversityofArizona.Studentslookedovereachother’sshoulders,devisedcoughingcodestocommunicatetofriends,andflashedanswersonthebacksoftheirhandswhilepretendingtostretch.Translation1.亞利桑那州大學的James?Taylor發(fā)現(xiàn)其歷史課上學生作弊十分猖獗，這讓他驚詫不已。學生們你看我的，我看你的，設(shè)計各種咳嗽暗號傳送給朋友，還把答案寫在手背上，在假裝伸懶腰的時候迅速透露出去。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionLet’sPuttheHeatonCampusCheats2.Heoncecaughtonestudentusinghiscellphonetosendanswerstoafriend’spager.Thecode“54*2,”forinstance,meanttheanswertoquestion54wasB.TaylorkickedthemoutofhisclassroomandgavebothanF.Translation2.有一次他抓住一個學生正用手機往朋友的傳呼機上發(fā)答案。比如，代號“54*2”意味著第54題的答案是B。Taylor把他們轟出教室，判他們兩個都不及格。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionLet’sPuttheHeatonCampusCheats3.AtsmallMorningsideCollegeinSiouxCity,Iowa,philosophyprofessorHeatherReiddiscoveredcheatinginherintroductoryethicsclass.Twostudentsturnedinhomeworkassignmentsthatwerealmostidentical.Reidreportedtheincidenttotheacademicdean,leadingtoaninvestigation.OnestudentwassuspendedfromcollegeandgivenanFforthecourse.Translation3.愛荷華州蘇城規(guī)模較小的Morningside學院哲學教授Heather?Reid在她的倫理學入門課上發(fā)現(xiàn)有學生作弊。兩名學生交上來的家庭作業(yè)幾乎一模一樣。Reid將此事報告教務(wù)長，于是校方作了調(diào)查。其中一名學生被勒令停學，此門課也作不及格處理。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension4.Incidentssuchasthesearealltoocommon.Inrecentyearsmanycollegesanduniversitieshavereportedasurgeinplagiarism,unauthorizedcollusiononassignmentsandcheatingontests.Translation4.諸如此類的事情司空見慣。近幾年來，許多大學均報告剽竊、未經(jīng)許可的合作作業(yè)和考試作弊現(xiàn)象迅猛增長。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension5.Inresearchconductedat31schoolsoverthepastdecade,RutgersUniversityprofessorDonaldMcCabehasfoundthatnearly70percentofstudentsadmittocheatingatsomepointduringcollege,withover15percentreportingthattheywere,inMcCabe’swords,“serious,repetitivecheaters.”Translation5.

Rutgers大學的Donald?McCabe教授在過去的10年中，對31所學校進行了一項研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎70%的學生承認大學期間的某個時候有過作弊，15%以上的學生自曝是，用McCabe的話說，“嚴重型、反復(fù)型作弊者”。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension6.Whilethissurgehasbeenblamedonmanyfactors,includingadecliningemphasisonmoralvaluesinthehomeandschool,withoutquestionit’smucheasiertocheatthanever.WiththeInternet,studentshaveaccesstoatreasure-troveofinformationtheycanpinchastheylike.“There’sacowboyfeelingabouttheInternetthattheinformationisoutthereforeverybodytouseastheyseefit,”saysMicheleGoldfarb,directoroftheOfficeofStudentConductattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Translation6.雖然作弊的迅猛增長可歸咎于許多方面的因素，包括家庭和學校對道德價值觀的重視程度下降，但毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在要作弊比以往任何時候都來得容易是原因之一。有了因特網(wǎng)，學生們可以進入一個信息的寶庫，隨心所欲地各取所需而不說明出處。“關(guān)于因特網(wǎng)，人們存在著一種無賴心理，認為那里的信息任人利用，只要他們覺得恰當，”賓西法尼亞州大學德育處Michele?Goldfarb如是說。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension7.Inacompositionclass,UniversityofTexasinstructorSharanDanielaskedstudentstowriteanevaluativeargument,whichcouldincludereviewingacontemporaryfilm.OnestudentchoseaBruceWillismovie.Translation7.得克薩斯州大學講師Sharan?Daniel在一堂作文課上曾要求學生寫一篇評論性議論文，可以包括當代電影影評。有位學生選擇Bruce?Willis的電影。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension8.Danielsuspectedplagiarismwhenthepaperturnedinwasdifferentinstylefromthestudent’spreviouswork.ShedidasearchontheInternetandfoundthereviewthestudenthadliftedinitsentirety.Translation8.文章交上來時發(fā)現(xiàn)與該生以往文風不同，Daniel懷疑是剽竊。她在因特網(wǎng)上進行了搜查，結(jié)果顯示該影評屬全文照搬。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension9.Therearehundredsofwebsites,withnameslikeSandCollegeTermP,whichofferready-madeessaysontopicsrangingfromanthropologytozoology.Somesitesarefree,aslongasyoucontributeapaperofyourown,whileotherschargeanythingfromamodestmembershipfeetoover$100apaper.Translation9.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上像

和CollegeTermP這樣的網(wǎng)址數(shù)以百計，可以提供從字母A（如anthropology人類學）到字母Z（如zoology動物學）涵蓋各種話題的現(xiàn)成論文。部分網(wǎng)址免費，只要你提交一篇自己的文章，而其他的則收取從很少的會員費到每篇100多美元不等的費用。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension10.Studentsalsogetpapersdirectlyfromtheirpeers.Asthesemester-endapproaches,theonlinemessageboardsandchatroomsonmanywebsitesfillwithrequestsforpapersfromdesperatestudents.Translation10.學生們也可以從同學處直接抄襲。隨著學期臨近結(jié)束，許多網(wǎng)上公告欄和聊天室充斥著焦急的學生征求論文的帖子。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension11.ThewebsiteoftheEvilHouseofCheatboasts2,000dailyvisitors.Thereyoucanpickuptipsonhowtocheatonexamsandreadcommentsfrompeopledescribedassatisfiedusers,likeonestudentwhosaidhehadraisedhisgrade-pointaveragefromD-toaB+afterhepaidhis$9.95annualmembershipfee.Translation11.某個名叫“作弊魔窟”的網(wǎng)址每天擁有2,000名訪問者。這里你可以找到考試作弊訣竅，也可以看到來自某些被描寫成“滿意用戶”所作出的評論。有位學生聲稱付了9.95美元年費后，平均分從D-提高到B+。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension12.Manyoftheterm-papersitesincludeastatementthattheworkis“forresearchonly.”Butthosedisclaimersareregardedasajoke.Translation12?許多有關(guān)學期論文的網(wǎng)站都聲明他們的服務(wù)僅供研究使用，但此類免責聲明均被視為玩笑而已。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension13.Expertssaythatacademiccheatingbeginsasearlyasmiddleschool,andoftenbecomesawell-honedhabitbyhighschool.Arecentsurveyof3100high-achievingstudentsbyWho’sWhoAmongAmericanHighSchoolStudentsrevealedthat80percentofthenation’sbestandbrightestadmittedcheatinginschool,upfivepercentfromtheyearbefore.Translation13.專家認為大學生作弊早在初中便已開始，到了高中已成陋習。根據(jù)《美國高中生名人錄》最近對3,100名優(yōu)秀學生所進行的一項調(diào)查，美國80％最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的高中生承認在校作弊，比前一年增加了5個百分點。Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension14.Somerationalizethatit’sokaytocheatifthecourseisnotintheirmajorbutisrequiredforgraduating.Othersassumeit’savictimlessoffense.OneUniversityofTexasstudent,inapostingonanInternetforumoncheating,wentsofarastodefenditasalegitimateformoflearning.“Ipersonallydon’tcheatunlessIlearnsomethingfromit,”thestudentwrote.“Ifthatinvolveslookingatoneanswerinaquiz,Ithinkthepersonismorelikelytorememberthatoneanswersincetheyhadtoresorttocheatingtoobtainit.”Translation14.有些人辯解說，如果這門課程不是主修課，而考試純粹是為了畢業(yè)，那么作弊無可厚非。也有人認為作弊是無害過錯。在一個關(guān)于作弊的網(wǎng)上論壇中，得克薩斯大學的一名學生甚至還在郵件中替作弊辯護，聲稱作弊是一種合理的學習方法。“我個人從不作弊，除非我能從中學到東西，”這位學生寫到，“如果作弊意味著看一下小測驗的答案，我認為作弊者能把答案記得更牢，因為答案是無奈之下通過作弊手段獲得的。”Pre-readingPreparationNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension1.Let’sPuttheHeatonCampusCheats.(Title)theheat（非正式）表示pressure,criticism“壓力，批評”，故本文題目譯成“譴責校園作弊”。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension2.JamesTaylorwasastonishedattherampantcheatingtakingplaceinhishistoryclassattheUniversityofArizona.(Para.1)astonish與startle,shock,stun,amaze,alarm均含“令人驚訝”的意思，稍有不同的是：astonish和startle是指“令人非常驚訝”，如：a.Whatastonishesmemostishiscompletelackoffear.令我非常驚訝的是他毫無畏懼。b.Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.發(fā)現(xiàn)寺廟完好如初，我們感到十分驚訝。c.Hiswordshadastartlingeffectonthechildren.他的話在孩子們身上產(chǎn)生的作用令人驚訝不已。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension2.JamesTaylorwasastonishedattherampantcheatingtakingplaceinhishistoryclassattheUniversityofArizona.(Para.1)shock:（不好的事）使人震驚，駭人，令人怵目驚心；stun:使人發(fā)愣，目瞪口呆，不知所措。shock和stun都有“使人休克，昏迷”的意思。如：a.Iwasshockedtohearthenewsofhissuddendeath.聽到他猝死的噩耗，我十分震驚。b.Shewasstandingstunnedandintears.她站在那里，目瞪口呆，淚流滿面。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension2.JamesTaylorwasastonishedattherampantcheatingtakingplaceinhishistoryclassattheUniversityofArizona.(Para.1)amaze通常指（好的事情）令人驚奇；alarm使人驚慌，不安a.Shehasanamazingtalentformusic.她在音樂方面有著驚人的才華。b.IwasamazedthathehadmadesuchrapidprogressinEnglish.他的英語進步迅速，令我驚訝。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension2.JamesTaylorwasastonishedattherampantcheatingtakingplaceinhishistoryclassattheUniversityofArizona.(Para.1)這些詞的ing形式+ly都具有“非常，極度”的意思，例如：astonishinglybeautiful,startlinglypale,shockinglyshortstories,asurprisinglyeasyexam需要指出的是，使用這類詞匯常有三種句型：a.Iwassurprised/amazed,etc.at.../that.../tolearnthat...b.Itisshocking/surprising,etc.tothinkthat...c.Tomysurprise,amazement,astonishment,etc.,Ilearnedthat...Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension3.Studentslookedovereachother’sshoulders,devisedcoughingcodestocommunicatetofriends,andflashedanswersonthebacksoftheirhandswhilepretendingtostretch.(Para.1)1)句中l(wèi)ooked...,devised...,andflashed...是并列結(jié)構(gòu)。兩個或兩個以上用and,or,but等互相連接又屬于同一層次具有相同句法功能的語言結(jié)構(gòu)叫做并列結(jié)構(gòu)，可作主語、謂語、賓語、主語補語、狀語等。如：a.I’dlikeasandwich,anice-cream,andacupofcoffee.我要一塊三明治，一個冰淇淋，還有一杯咖啡。b.Heistall,dark,andlean.他又高又黑又瘦。c.Theysatdowntodinner,drinking,eating,andsmokingmerrily.他們坐下來吃飯，愉快地喝著，吃著，還抽起煙來。d.Heskippedmyclasspartlybecausehewasillandpartlybecausehewaslazy.他逃我的課部分原因是因為他病了，部分原因是因為他懶。e.Hesaidthathewasbusytodaybutthathewouldbefreetomorrow.他說他今天很忙，但明天會有空。BackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension3.Studentslookedovereachother’sshoulders,devisedcoughingcodestocommunicatetofriends,andflashedanswersonthebacksoftheirhandswhilepretendingtostretch.(Para.1)2)communicate的賓語是coughingcodes，即communicatecoughingcodestofriends，注意與communicatewith不同，后者指“與……聯(lián)系，溝通”，如：Wecommunicatewitheachotherbyletter(telephone/email).我們通過書信（電話/電郵）相互聯(lián)系。3)whilepretendingtostretch是狀語從句的省略，連詞后省略theywere,又如：a.If(itis)carefullydone,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.如果小心，試驗會成功的。b.Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.別人不跟你講話，你就不要跟別人講話。c.Hewillworkhardwherever(heis)sentbyhiscompany.無論公司派他去哪里，他都會努力工作。BackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehension4.Heoncecaughtonestudentusinghiscellphonetosendanswerstoafriend’spager.(Para.2)catch是感觀動詞，所以用作賓語補語的use，由于onestudent是其邏輯主語，須用-ing形式。還有更多的例句：a.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.我感到有人拍我的肩膀。b.Listentothebirdssinging.傾聽鳥的鳴叫。c.Canyousmellanythingburning?你聞見什么燒起來了嗎？BackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension兩點值得注意：1)上述現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作的進行，如若表示全過程，則用不帶to的不定式，如：a.Ididn’tseetheballbreakthewindow.我沒看到球砸壞窗戶。b.Iwatchedhercrossthestreet.我看著她穿過馬路。2)如句中賓語是其后賓語補語的邏輯賓語，則用過去分詞，如：a.Hefelthiseyesdazzledbythebrightlight.他感到明亮的光線使得他眼花目眩。b.Wefoundhergreatlychanged.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她的變化很大。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension5.Thecode“54*2,”forinstance,meanttheanswertoquestion54wasB.(Para.2)answer后的介詞是to而不是of,類似的還有：asolutiontothatproblem,thekeytoadoor,notestothetext,awitnesstothemurder,theprefacetoabook,abriefintroductiontoNanjingMedicalUniversity(但是，theintroductionofanewproductfromabroad是指外國新產(chǎn)品的引進)Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension6.TaylorkickedthemoutofhisclassroomandgavebothanF.(Para.2)F發(fā)元音，故前面的冠詞是an，同理，anMA是指amasterofarts。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension7.Twostudentsturnedinhomeworkassignmentsthatwerealmostidentical.(Para.3)英語中almost使用頻率較高。almost常用于all,always,nothing,everyone等詞前，意思同nearly,virtually,practically,justabout。AlmostallthepeopleinNanjingweremobilizedtoservethe10thNationalGamesheldinthatcity.幾乎所有的南京人都被動員起來為在這座城市舉行的十運會服務(wù)。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehension8.Incidentssuchasthesearealltoocommon.(Para.4)alltoo:（遺憾地）太過于……，例如：Thetripendedalltoosoon.這次旅行結(jié)束得太早了。關(guān)于too還有一些詞和句子需要記住：a.I’monlytoopleasedtobeabletogetbackhome.能回到家，我真高興。b.Thismusicalisnonetooappealingtotheaudience.這部音樂劇對觀眾一點吸引力也沒有。c.I’mafraidthatthiscapismuchtoobigforme．這頂帽子我戴恐怕太大了。Pre-readingPreparationBackNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ9.Inresearchconductedat31schoolsoverthepastdecade,RutgersUniversityprofessorDonaldMcCabehasfoundthatnearly70percentofstudentsadmittocheatingatsomepointduringcollege,withover15percentreportingthattheywere,inMcCabe’swords,“serious,repetitivecheaters.”(Para.5)1)admittodoingsomething同confesstodoingsomething，作“坦白”講，to可以省略。to用作介詞而非不定式符號，故后跟-ing形式，而不是動詞原形。這樣的短語很多，如：lookforwardto,beusedto,beaccustomedto,taketo,whenitcomesto,resortto,consentto2)withover15percentreporting...是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ10.Whilethissurgehasbeenblamedonmanyfactors,includingadecliningemphasisonmoralvaluesinthehomeandschool,withoutquestionit’smucheasiertocheat.(Para.6)1)while:conj.雖然Whilesheisalikeablegirl,shecanbeextremelydifficulttoworkwith.雖然她是個可愛的姑娘，但有可能很難共事。2)beblamedon:歸咎于，由……引起。blame的常見搭配是：a.You’renottoblameforwhathappened.所發(fā)生的事情不怪你。b.Thereportblamespoorsafetystandardsfortheaccident.報告把這起事故歸咎于安全水平低。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ3)decline:v.減少，下降，衰退decliningprices價格下降；declininghealth健康每況愈下介賓短語為onthedeclinedecline還指“婉言謝絕”，如：declineaninvitation/anoffer/aproposal,etc.婉言謝絕邀請/饋贈/建議等4)withoutquestion:毫無疑問Marilynwas,withoutquestion,averybeautifulwoman.毫無疑問，瑪麗琳是個非常漂亮的女人。不同于outofthequestion:不可能的，不允許的Youcan’tgototheweddinginthatoldshirt—it’squiteoutofthequestion.你不能穿那件舊襯衫去參加婚禮，那是絕對不可以的。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ11.WiththeInternet,studentshaveaccesstoatreasure-troveofinformationtheycanpinchastheylike.(Para.6)1)have/gainaccessto:1)有權(quán)得到；2)有權(quán)進入a.AccesstothepapersisrestrictedtoDefenseDepartmentpersonnelonly.能接觸到這些文件的僅限國防部人員。b.GrowingnumbersofyoungpeopleinChinacanhaveaccesstohighereducation.越來越多的中國年輕人可以上大學。2)treasure-trove:n.貴重的發(fā)現(xiàn)（物），句中是單位詞，用作隱語，如：arainofbullets槍林彈雨；aseaoftrouble滿腹煩惱；ariverofblood血流成河Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ11.WiththeInternet,studentshaveaccesstoatreasure-troveofinformationtheycanpinchastheylike.(Para.6)3)pinch:vt.文中指偷，騙取。attribution是指消息出處，消息來源。attribution還是attribute的名詞形式，所以又可解釋為“歸因”。如：Hewassaidtohavecausedtheaccident,buttheattributionprovedtobewrong.據(jù)說那起事故是他引起的，但該指責證實是錯的。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ12.“There’sacowboyfeelingabouttheInternetthattheinformationisoutthereforeverybodytouseastheyseefit,”saysMicheleGoldfarb,directoroftheOfficeofStudentConductattheUniversityofPennsylvania.(Para.6)1)cowboy:n.牛仔，在此可意譯為“無賴”。2)conduct:v.&n.多義詞，通常用作動詞，重音在第二個音節(jié)：表示perform,do,carryout,如：conductanoperation/asurvey/anexperiment/aninquiryPre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ12.“There’sacowboyfeelingabouttheInternetthattheinformationisoutthereforeverybodytouseastheyseefit,”saysMicheleGoldfarb,directoroftheOfficeofStudentConductattheUniversityofPennsylvania.(Para.6)本句中是不可數(shù)名詞，重音在第一音節(jié)，表示thewaysomeonebehaves品行，操守，如：amanofgoodconduct品行端正的人；therulesofconduct行為準則；shamefulconduct可恥的行為。同一單詞常因詞性不同而重讀音節(jié)也不同，本課這樣的詞還有：survey,suspect。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ13.Danielsuspectedplagiarismwhenthepaperturnedinwasdifferentinstylefromthestudent’spreviouswork.(Para.8)句中instyle插入wasdifferentfrom中間，是插入成分。為了尋求句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，有時一些修飾附加詞語會強行插入到原應(yīng)緊密連接的成分中。如：a.theleadingprovider,worldwide,ofsoftwareforpersonalcomputer世界范圍內(nèi)的個人計算機軟件主要供貨商b.Hewas—tomeatleast,ifnottoyou—afigurethatwasworthhavingpityon.至少我覺得如此，即使你不這樣認為，他是一個值得同情的人。c.Thisdeskissuperiorincolortothatone.這張桌子的顏色比那張好Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ13.Danielsuspectedplagiarismwhenthepaperturnedinwasdifferentinstylefromthestudent’spreviouswork.(Para.8)d.Hislazinesshascontributedatleastinparttohisfailureinthefinalexamination.他期末考試不及格部分原因是他懶惰。e.Governmentshouldplacefew,ifany,restrictionsonscientificresearch.就算政府對科學研究有限制，也應(yīng)該很少。f.SomeotherAsiancountriesaresimilarinmanyrespectstoChina.一些其他亞洲國家在許多方面與中國相似。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ14.ShedidasearchontheInternetandfoundthereviewthestudenthadliftedinitsentirety.(Para.8)inits/theirentirety:整個兒Ifpublished,itmustbepublishedinitsentirety.要出版，就要全部出版。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ15.Therearehundredsofwebsites,withnameslikeSchoolsucks.ComandCollegeTermP,whichofferreadymadeessaysontopicsrangingfromanthropologytozoology.(Para.9)rangefrom...to...:從……到……不等a.Theshoesrangeinpricefrom$25to$100.這些鞋子的價格從25美元到100美元不等。b.Thepatientsadmittedtothiswardrangedinagefromsixmonthsto88.這個病房收治的病人從半歲到88歲不等。c.Therewere120studentswhoseagesrangedfrom10to18.有120名學生，年齡從10歲到18歲不等。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ16.ThewebsiteoftheEvilHouseofCheatboasts2000dailyvisitors.(Para.11)boast:v.以擁有……而自豪a.FewteamscanboastsuchagoodrecordinEuropeanfootball.在歐洲足球史上很少有球隊能有如此輝煌的紀錄。b.ThehotelsboastthefinestviewinWales.這些旅館擁有威爾士最好的風景。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ17.Arecentsurveyof3100high-achievingstudentsbyWho’sWhoAmongAmericanHighSchoolStudentsrevealedthat80percentofthenation’sbestandbrightestadmittedcheatinginschool,upfivepercentfromtheyearbefore.(Para.13)這一句型常見于科技論文等書面語，如：Abriefreviewofmedicalliteraturenowavailablesuggests/reveals/indicates/showsthat...我們對現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)學文獻進行了簡要的綜述，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)……Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ18.“Ifthatinvolveslookingatoneansweronaquiz,Ithinkthepersonismorelikelytorememberthatoneanswersincetheyhadtoresorttocheatingtoobtainit.”(Para.14)1)involve:v.需要，意味著，涉及到，后應(yīng)跟動詞的-ing形式。a.Tobeanurseinvolvesworkingonthenightshift.做護士就得上夜班。b.ToacceptthejobinvolvesmovingtoLondon.接受這份工作就意味著要去倫敦。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ18.“Ifthatinvolveslookingatoneansweronaquiz,Ithinkthepersonismorelikelytorememberthatoneanswersincetheyhadtoresorttocheatingtoobtainit.”(Para.14)2)resortto:訴諸，憑借（通常不好的東西）；短語為asalastresort作為最后一招a.Sallyresortedtostealingwhenhermoneyranout.錢用完了，薩利就去偷。b.Drugtreatmentshouldonlybeusedasalastresort.藥物治療應(yīng)該只是到最后才使用。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingAnalysisInformationRecallandSummaryInformationOrganizationChoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsorstatementsaccordingtothetext.1.Thepassageismainlyabout

.A.crimesontheInternet.B.solutionstocampuscheats.C.popularityofstudentcheating.D.accusationofplagiarismPre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionTeamWorkPartⅠTextReadingAnalysis2.AmericanstudentscheatbyallthefollowingmeansEXCEPT

.A.communicatingcoughingcodesB.surfingtheInternetC.buyingtestpapersD.sendingshortmessages3.SomepeoplefindcampusplagiarismNOT

.A.rationalB.commonC.harmlessD.illegalPre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionInformationRecallandSummaryInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠReadingAnalysis4.Accordingtotheauthor,the

ischieflytoblameforgrowingstudentplagiarism.A.teacherB.studentC.InternetD.moraldecline5.Fromthetextwecaninferthat

.A.Praisecanhelpimproverelationshipsbetweenpeople.B.Praisecanensureahappyfamilylife.C.Praisecanencouragechildrentobehavewell.D.Praisecanworkmiraclesinpeoplewithpoorself-image.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionInformationRecallandSummaryInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary1Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyouhaveread.Whowassurprisedatthesightofhisstudentscheatinginhishistoryclass?(2)Inwhatclassdidaphilosophyteacheralsodiscovercheating?Introductoryethics.JamesTaylorattheUniversityofArizona.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary1Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyouhaveread.(3)What’sthepercentageofstudentswhoadmittedtocheatingsometimeduringcollegeinthesurveybyaRutgersUniversityprofessor?(4)WhatdoesMicheleGoldfarbcomparecampuscheatersto?Cowboys.Nearly70%,andover15%wereserious,repetitivecheaters.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary1Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetextyouhaveread.(5)HowcouldSharanDanielrealizeherstudentshadcheatedher?(6)WhendoAmericanstudentsusuallybegintheircampuscheating?Asearlyasmiddleschool.Thepaperturnedinwasdifferentinstylefromthestudent’spreviouswork.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠInformationRecallandSummary2Writeabriefsummaryofthetext.Compareyoursummarywiththatofyourpartner.Inthistext,theauthorrevealsaseverephenomenonofcampuscheatspopularintheUnitedStates.Apartfromadecliningemphasisonmoralvalues,theauthorclaims,thesurgeofacademiccheatingshouldbemainlyattributedtotheeasyaccesstotheInternet,wherestudentscangetwhatevertheyneedintermsofassignmentsorexams.Finally,hepointsoutthatthebadhabitbeginsevenatmiddleschoolandthatfewstudentshaverealizeditsgravity.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠInformationOrganizationCompletethefollowingtableaccordingtothetext.Centralidea:Wemustlearntogivepraisesinceitcanbenefitthegiveraswellasthereceiver.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionInformationRecallandSummaryReadingAnalysisTeamWorkTopicsSupportingDetailsSurgeinCampusCheats(Paras.1-5)JamesTaylorwasastonishedat

.HeatherReiddiscovered