學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精學必求其心得，業必貴于專精Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsSectionⅡ-LearningaboutLanguage一、請找出下列句子的主語，并歸納什么可以作句子的主語1．Weseehimeverydayinoureverydaylife。________________________________________________________________________2．Toseeistobelieve。________________________________________________________________________3．Raisingpigsisherjob。________________________________________________________________________4．Whathewantsissomemilk.________________________________________________________________________5．ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.________________________________________________________________________6．Thenewsisexciting.________________________________________________________________________7．Itisnecessarythatwegotohelphim。________________________________________________________________________8．WiththehelpofXiaoWang，theyfinishedtheworkontime。________________________________________________________________________歸納：可以充當句子主語的有:________________________________________________________________________二、讀下列英語諺語，找出其中含有主語從句的句子1．Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave。兒時所學，終生難忘。2．Abadbeginningmakesabadending。不善始者不善終.3．Childrenarewhatthemothersare.耳濡目染,身教言傳.4．What'sdonecannotbeundone.生米煮成熟飯.5．What’slostislost.失者不可復得。6．Moneyspentonthebrainisneverspentinvain。智力投資絕不會白花.三、欣賞下列幽默故事,畫出其中的主語從句A：Whatyouneednowisadoctor.Youmustseeadoctorbeforedark。B：Well，whetherheiscomingornotisaproblem。A：Whydoyouthinkso？B：“Anappleadaykeepsadoctoraway.”AndI'veeaten13applestoday.A：Really?ButitissaidthatDoctorSmithisnotafraidofapples，whichhelikesverymuch.So，don'tworryaboutwhetherheiscoming。答案：一、1。We2.Tosee3。Raisingpigs4.Whathewants5.tolearnEnglish6。Thenews7.thatwegotohelphim8。they歸納:代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、句子和名詞二、1，4，5三、A：What_you_need_nowisadoctor。Youmustseeadoctorbeforedark.B：Well,whether_he_is_coming_or_notisaproblem。A：Whydoyouthinkso?B：“Anappleadaykeepsadoctoraway.”AndI'veeaten13applestoday。A：Really?Butitissaidthat_Doctor_Smith_is_not_afraid_of_apples，whichhelikesverymuch。So，don'tworryaboutwhetherheiscoming。1．Asaresultofthisevent，agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight。正因為這一事件，天空中形成了一團巨大的塵云，擋住了陽光。剖析:現在分詞短語blockingoutthesunlight在句子中作結果狀語。Theyworkeddayandnight，finishingtheworkaheadoftime.他們日夜工作,結果提前完成了工作.考點：詞組blockout的含義是“擋住，遮住（光線和聲音）；忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事)”。如：Thevolcanicashblockedoutthesun。火山灰擋住了太陽。Anuglybuildingblockedouttheviewfromthewindow.一座難看的大樓把窗外的景物遮住了。Itrytoblockouttheunpleasantexperience。我盡力去忘記那段不愉快的經歷。blockoff封鎖，封閉Variousbarricadesblockoffallthemainstreetsofthecity。各種路障封鎖住了城里所有的主要道路.blockup阻塞，塞住，封住（孔，洞）Thetrafficisveryheavyandhasbeguntoblockupthestreets。交通量很大,已經開始把街道阻塞了。Mynoseisblockedupwiththecold.由于感冒，我的鼻子不通氣。blockone’sway擋住某人的路Wefoundthatabigelephantblockedourway。我們發現一頭大象擋住了去路。單項填空1）（2011·陜西卷)MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother。A．making B．madeC．tomake D．havingmade2）(2011·吉林長春期中)Accordingtoarecentresearch，beachumbrellasdonot______allsolarradiation.A．breakout B．watchoutC．blockout D．giveout用blockout，blockup，blockone'sway，blockoff填空3)Youcan’tleavethevillage。Allthestreetsare____________.4）Apieceofrockhasfallenand____________。Wehadtostop.5)Overtheyearsshehadtriedto____________thatpartofherlife。6）Thispipe（管子）is____________.Thereisapieceofwoodinit。2．Grammar：主語從句考點一:英語中的主語從句(TheSubjectClause)在句中作主語,有以下兩種結構：1)主語從句位于句首。如:Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthewarsoftheworld。他想要看到的是世界上所有戰爭的結束.2)主語從句位于句尾，使用it作形式主語。如:Itwasrightthatthetemplewasrebuilt.廟被改建了，這很好。在下列情況下，一般使用形式主語it，而將真正的主語從句放在后面:①謂語部分含有seem，appear，be(im)possible，beapity，beawonder,belikely等。如：Itappearedtoscientistsontheearththatthestarshadmoved.在地球上的科學家看來，這些星球已經移動了。It'sawonderthatyourecognizedme.你能認出我來，真是奇怪.②在Itisknown。。。；Itissaid。..；Itishoped。。。;Itisbelieved。.。等慣用的被動結構中。如：Itisbelievedthatbeforewritingwasdeveloped,peopleinChinausedtokeeprecordsbyputtinganumberofstonestogether.人們認為在文字發明之前，中國人靠把許多石頭聚集在一起來作記錄.需要注意的是：當主語從句放在句尾而用形式主語時，形式主語只能用it，而不能使用this，that等代詞.考點二：主語從句的連接詞可以分為以下三類：1)that，whether連接詞that本身沒有意義，不作句子成分，只表示從句的開始，位于句首時，that不能省略；whether含有“是否”的意思，whether可以加上“ornot”，其語意不變。如:Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather。明天我們是否去野營取決于天氣情況。2）what，who，which，whose，when，where，why，how這一類連接詞，除了可以引導主語從句之外，在從句中又分別起代詞、副詞或形容詞的作用，在從句中分別作主語、賓語、表語、狀語和定語等.what,who,which,whose等又稱為連接代詞;when,where，why，how等又稱為連接副詞。試比較：Whowilldoitdoesn’tmatter。(連接代詞who在從句中作主語）誰要做這件事沒關系.Whatweneedismorewater.（連接代詞what在從句中作need的賓語)我們所需要的是更多的水.Whichofthetwoisbetterremainstobeseen.(連接代詞which在從句中作主語)這兩者中哪個更好尚待分曉。Whenwewillstarttheworkisimportant.（連接副詞when在從句中作時間狀語）我們什么時候開始工作很重要。Wherethelibraryistobebuilthasnotbeendecidedyet.(連接副詞where在從句中作地點狀語）圖書館要建在哪里還未決定。Whyshewaslateforschoolisquiteclearnow。(連接副詞why在從句中作原因狀語)她上學遲到的原因現在看來很清楚。Whichplanisbetterwillbeannouncedlater.（which在從句中作名詞plan的定語)哪個計劃更好稍后會宣布。3)whatever，whoever，whomever,whicheverwhatever等連接詞與what等連接代詞的用法一樣，只是具有較強的語意,有“凡是，不管，無論……"等意思。如：Whateverhesaidwasn'ttrue.他說的任何事情都不是真的。WhoeverguesseswhatIhaveinmyhandmayhaveit.不管誰猜對了我手里拿的是什么，這東西就給他（她)。Whicheverbookyouchooseisyours。無論你選中哪本書都歸你。單項填空1）(2011·北京卷）______BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness。A．Which B．WhatC．That D．Whom2）（2011·江蘇卷）Itwasneverclear______themanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner。A．that B．howC．when D．why3)(2010·北京卷)______somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers。A．Whether B．WhatC．That D．How4)(2010·浙江卷）Itisuncertain______sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit。A．that B．whatC．how D．whether5）______we'llhavethefootballmatchthisweekdependsontheweather.A．If B．WhetherC．That D．Why6)______whattheytoldmereallytrue?A．Has B．IsC．Does D．Have7）Itmatterslittle______amandies,but______mattersmuchis______helives.A．how；what；how B．how；it；howC．why；it；why D．that;what；that8)______shecouldn’tunderstandwas______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A．What;why B．That；whatC．What；because D．Why；that9)Itisprettywellunderstood______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday。A．that B．whenC．what D．how10)______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A．What B．ThatC．This D．Which用適當的連接詞完成句子11）______hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising。12）Itisimportant______heshouldknowaboutthis。13）______theywouldsupportuswasaproblem。14）______Mikedidn'tturnupatthemeetingyesterdayisunknown.15）Itisreported______Chinahassentanotherman。madesatellite。16）______heisstillaliveisawonder.17)______typeofcomputerhewillbuyneedsdiscussing.18）______thebookwillselldependsonitsauthor。AndIthinkit'llsellwell.19)Itisstillamystery______causedtheaccident。20）______Itoldyouistrue.判斷下面句子中從句的類型21)Hasitbeendecidedwheretheplayerswill