專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷13

一、閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

IntheUnitedSlateselementaryeducationbeginsa（theageofsix.Atthisstagenearlyall

（heteachersarewomen,mostlymarried.Theatmosphereisusuallyveryfriendly,andthe

teachershavenowacceptedtheideathattheimportantthingistomakethechildren

happyandinterested.Theoldauthoritarian（要絕對服從的）mnihodsofeducationwere

discredited（彳、被jk可）ratheralongtimeago—somuchsothatmanypeoplenowthink

thattheyhavegonetoofarindiedirectionofiryingtomakechildrenhaD【）yand

interestedratherthangivingthemactualinstruction.Thesocialeducationofyoung

childrentriestomakethemaccepttheideathathumanbeingsinasocietyneedtowork

togetherfortheircommongood.Sotheemphasisisoncooperationratherthan

competitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess.Thismayseemcurious,inviewofthefact

（hatAmericansocietyishighlycompetitive;however,theneedformakingpeople

sociableinthissensehascometoberegardedasoneofthefunctionsofeducation.Most

Americansdogrowupwithcompetitiveideas,andobviouslyquiteafewascriminals,

butitisnotfairtosaythat（heeducationalsystemfails.IlDrobablydoessucceedin

makingmoslpeoplesociableandreadylohelponeanolherbothinmalerialwaysand

throughkindnessandfriendliness.

1Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.elementaryeducationissupposedtomake

children.

A、sensibleandsensitive

B、competitiveandinterested

C、curiousandfriendly

D^happyandcooperative

標準答案：D

知識點解析：全文分兩段：第一段著重闡述美國初等教育是要給小孩創造一個充滿

快樂和興趣的成長寬圍。theimportantthingistomakethechildrenh叩pyand

interested,“重要的是讓孩子們快樂和有興趣”；第二段主要闡述初等教育所包含的

社會化教育，培養孩子們在競爭的過程中有合作的意識。Sotheemphasisis

oncooperationratherthancompetitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess.“所以這一過程

中強調合作而不是競爭。”因此，D項是正確的，其他幾項在文章中沒有提到，不

符合題意。

2、SomeAmericanscomplainaboutelementaryschoolsbecausetheythink,

A、childrenarereluctanttohelpeachother

B、schoolslaytoomuchemphasisoncooperation

C、childrenshouldgrowupwithcompetitiveideas

D、schoolsgivelittleactualinstructiontochildren

標準答案：D

知識點解析：由文章第一段最后一句話“Theoldauthoritarian（要絕對服從的）methods

ofeducationwerediscredited（不被認可）ratheralongtimeago——somuchsothatmany

peoplenowthinkthattheyhavegonetoofarinthedirectionoftryingtomakechildren

happyandinteresledratherthangivingthemactualinstruction.”可以判斷出某些美國

人抱怨初等教育的原因在于忽視了應該給孩子們一些實際的指導。因此，正確答案

是D。前三項都不是抱怨的原因。

3、Theauthor,sattitudetowardsAmericaneducationcanbebestdescribedas

A、favorable

B、negative

C、tolerant

D、unfriendly

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本題考查考生對全文基調的把握，即作者的態度問題。通過全文，尤

其是最后一句話可以看出作者對美國的教育是持贊美態度的。

4、TheAmericaneducationalsystememphasizes.

A、materialwealth

B、competition

C、cooperation

D、personalbenefit

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題考查考生對細節的理解。文中第二段第二句提到“Sotheemphasis

isoncooperationratherthancompetitionthroughoutmostofthisprocess”,所以這一過

程中強調合作而不是競爭。依據以上句子可判斷，C為正確選項。

5、Theword"sociable"（Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans.

A、fondoftalkingfreely

B、friendlywithotherpeople

C、concernedaboutsocialwelfare

D、happyatschool

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題是詞義題，考查考生根據上下文對具體詞語的理解。由文章最后

一句話可知選Bo

AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseetheimportanceofthedivisionofthelabor.He

gaveusanexampleoftheprocessbywhichpinsweremadeinEngland."Oneman

drawsoutthewire,anotherstrengthensit,athirdcutsit,afourthpointsit,andafifth

givesitahead.Justtomaketheheadrequires（woorthreedifferentoperations.Thework

ofmakingpinsisdividedintoabouteighteendifferentoperations,whichinsome

factoriesareallperformedbydifferentpeople,thoughinothersthesamemanwill

sometimesperformtwoorthreeofthem.Tenmen,Smithsaid,inthisway,turnedout

twelvepoundsofpinsadayorabout4,800pinsaworker.Buiifallof【hemhadworked

separatelyandindependentlywithoutdivisionoflabor,Hieycertainlycouldnothave

madetwentypinsinadayandnotevenone.Therecanbenodoubtthatdivisionoflabor

isanefficientwayoforganizingwork.Fewerpeoplecanmakemorepins.AdamSmith

sawthis,bulhealso[onkitforgrantedthatdivisionoflaborisitselfresponsiblefor

economicgrowthanddeveloDinentanditaccountsforthedifferencebelweenexpanding

economiesandthose[halstandstill.Butdivisionoflaboraddsnothingnew,itonly

enablespeopletoproducemereofwhattheyalreadyhave.

6、Accordingtothepassage,AdamSmithwasthefirstpersonto.

A、takeadvantageofthephysicallabor

B、introducethedivisionoflaborintoEngland

C、understandtheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor

D、explainthebadcausesofthedivisionoflabor

標準答案：C

知識點解析：根據文章的第一段第一句話：AdamSmithwasthefirstpersontoseethe

importanceofthcdivisionofthelabor.可知勞動分工的重要性也就是勞動分工對生

產效率的作用、影響。所以C為正確答案。

7、AdamSmithsawthatthedivisionoflabor.

A、enabledeachworkertodesignpinsmorequickly

B、increasedthepossibleoutputperworker

C、increasedthenumberofpeopleemployedinfactories

D、improvedthequalityofpinsproduced

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本題考查考生對文章具體細節的把握及對全文的概括總結能力。答案

對應于文章的第三段，通過數據史密斯說明了勞動分工極大地提高了生產效率，增

加了產量。只有B項符合文意。

8、AdamSmithmentionedthenumber4,800inorderto.

A、showtheadvantagesoftheoldlaborsystem

B、stresshowpowerful(heindividualworkerwas

C、showtheadvantagesofthedivisionoflabor

D、stresstheimportanceofincreasedproduction

標準答案：C

知識點解析：通過上題分析，很容易得出答案。且A、B、D原文都明顯沒有提

到。所以C為正確答案。

9、Accordingtothewriter,AdamSmith'smistakewasinbelievingthatthedivisionof

labor.

A^wasanefficientwayoforganizingwork

B、wasanimportantdevelopmentinmethodsofproduction

C、finallyledtoeconomicdevelopment

D^increasedtheproductionofexistinggoods

B、issureoftheresulthewillget

C、concentratesonwhattodoaboutthesituation

D、caresmoreabouthimself

標準答案：C

知識點解析:答案在文章的第二段："...wheninanewsituation,anintelligentperson

thinksaboutthesituation,notabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriesto

findoutallhecan,andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.“因

此面對新的局面，智商高的人會想著如何去應對。

13、Ifanintelligentpersonfailed,hewould.

A、trynottofeelashamed

B、learnfromhisexperiences

C、trytoregretasmuchaspassible

D、makesurewhatresulthewouldget

標準答案：B

知識點解析：答案在文章的第二段：.ifhecan'tmakethingsworkoutright,

hedoesn'tfeelashamcdthathefailed；hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.“因此,

如果一個聰明人失敗了，他會從失敗中學到東西。

14、Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren.

A、aretwodifferenttypesofchildren

B、aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofcleverness

C、havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinking

D、havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld

標準答案：A

知識點解析：答案在文章的最后一段。“Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsof

people,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence.”因此聰明和不聰

明的孩子實際是兩種不同類型的人。

15、Theauthorofthispassagewillprobablycontinuetotalkabout.

A、howtodeterminewhatintelligenceis

B、howeducationshouldbefound

C、howtosolvepracticalproblems

D^howanunintelligentpersonshouldbetaught

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章前兩段分別談到r聰明人的行為表現，并舉例說明了他們失敗后

會怎樣；最后一段談到聰明和不聰明的孩子實際上是兩種不同類型的人，因此可以

斷定卜面應該談如何教育不聰明的孩子了。

Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutan

overcoat;whenamanagergeesanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdance

intoview.Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.

Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.The

firstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecond

levelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,

theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.

Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelof

needswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared:

the"life-enriching"level.While【heotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatisJhe

feeding.comforLsafely,and【ransDortation,thisleveldressesmenialneedsfor

recognilion.achievement,andhaDDiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,

manyofwhichcouldbecalled"luxury"items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebest

medicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelatest

stylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthe

firstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightsloafifthlevel

ofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonal

servicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbe

achievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopay

forgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crim,andprejudice.Afterfillingour

stomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseekto

ensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfour

levels.

16、Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingand

clothingonlywhen.

A^hehassavedupenoughmoney

B、hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelter

C、hehassatisfiedhishunger

D^hehaslearnedtobuildhouses

標準答案：C

知識點解析：本題答案對應于第一、三段。文章的第一段提到一個人有了吃的就會

想到再要件衣服，第三段又說最基本的需求是食物，這個層次的需求得到滿足后人

就會考慮服裝和住的地方。綜合判斷，所以選C,即他不再饑餓后就會產生對住處

和衣服的需求。

17>ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarII,most

Americans.

A、wereveryrich

B、livedinpoverty

C、hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels

D^didnotownautomohiies

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章第三段中說第二次世界大戰結束時，對于大多數美國人來說，食

品、服裝以及住所的需求都滿足了，然后第三個層次的需求，包括汽車和新房子便

出現了。這說明第二次世界大戰結束時大多數美國人還沒有汽車。A項“很富有”，

意思不明。B項“生活在貧困中“，不符合文意。C