試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2025年深圳市高三年級(jí)第一次調(diào)研考試英語2025.2試卷共8頁，卷面滿分120分，折算成130分計(jì)入總分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyouinterestedinhowmarine(海洋的)ecosystemswork?Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutmarineanimals?BowlingGreenStateUniversity(BGSU)hasoneofthefewcampsintheMidwestwherehighschoolstudentscanexplorelifeatsea!CampDates:June8-13、2025Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?·FieldtripstolocationsaroundNorthwestOhiotoexaminemarinelifeandenvironments·Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures·Designandrunanexperimentinourresearchlab·Behind-the-scenetriptotheToledoZootolearnaboutmarineanimals·MeetprofessionalstolearnwhatitmeanstobeamarinescientistWhatdoesthecostcover?TheBGSUMarineBiologycampwillofferbothresidentialandnon-residentialoptions.Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.ApplicationRequirements·Letterofrecommendation·Completetheonlineform·Completeresponsestoshort-answerquestionsNote:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.ApplicationDeadlines·March2,2025—Tobeconsideredforearlyadmission.ApplicantswillbeinformedbyMarch14.·April25.2025—GeneralApplicationDeadline.Note:Allspacesmayfillafterselectionfromtheearlyadmissiondeadline.1．Whatdoesthecampoffer?A．Samplegatheringpractice.B．Fieldtripstonaturemuseums.C．Researchlabmembership.D．Lecturesonmarineknowledge.2．Whatistheearlyadmissioncostfortheresidentialoption?A．$400. B．$765.C．$1,125. D．$1,250.3．Whichofthefollowingwillresultinanapplicant’sdisqualification?A．Forgettingtoconfirmadmission.B．Providingresponsesgivenbyothers.C．Missingtheearlyapplicationdeadline.D．Failingtorecommendotherapplicants.BJulesVerneiswidelyregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.His“ExtraordinaryVoyages(航海)”seriestransportreadersongrandadventurestothefarreachesofEarthandbeyond.ButVernedidmorethanjusttellentertainingstories—healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswritings.Forexample,inthe1889shortstoryIntheYear2889,Vernepaintedapictureofahighlynetworkedworldwithglobalmultimediacommunications.Hedescribedthe“phonotelephone”whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent:“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.”Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.Verneisoftenthoughtofasatechnologicaloptimist,achampionofscientificprogressandinnovation.Buthiswritingsalsorevealanotherperspective.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.ThespiritofadventureinVerne’stimelessstorieswillliveon,continuingtoinspiregenerationstopushtheboundariesofthepossibleandcreatetheworldoftomorrow.ThatisperhapsthegreatestachievementoftheextraordinaryvoyagesofJulesVerne.4．HowdoesMr.SmithcontacthiswifeinIntheYear2889?A．Byholdinganin-persontalk. B．Bymakingalong-distancecall.C．Bysendingaletterbackhome. D．Byhavinganinstantvideochat.5．Whatisthe“hardsciencefiction”basedon?A．Theunrealisticfantasies. B．Thefictionaltechnologies.C．Thelatestresearchfindings. D．Theimaginedfutureworlds.6．WhatcanweinferaboutVernefromCaptainNemo’sstory?A．Heisdisappointedwithhumannature.B．Heisawareofthedangeroftechnology.C．Heisinfavourofscientificdevelopment.D．Heisdifferentfromthewritersofhistime.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJulesVerneaccordingtothetext?A．Strong-willed. B．Fantasy-seeking.C．Positive-minded. D．Forward-thinking.CSelf-confidenceistrustinginourabilitiesorqualities.It’susuallyseenasagoodthing.Butisitpossiblethatwemightbenefitfromalittlelessconfidenceinourbeliefs?Formanyyears,Dr.MarkLeary,aneuroscientistatDukeUniversityinDurham,N.C.,hasstudiedtheroleofpeople’sbeliefsintheirbehavior.Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.Asurveyof144collegestudentstomeasuretheirintellectualhumilityfoundthatstudentswhosawtheirthinkingcouldbewrongtendedtobemorecuriousandmorelikelytoseekoutnewknowledge.Theyendedupknowingmoreattheendoftheday.Butdoesitactuallyhelpyoubeyondthat?Tofindoutmore,Dr.TenellePorteratBallStateUniversityconductedaseriesofstudieswithhighschoolstudents.Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.Studentswhodidn’tseetheirknowledgecouldbewrongmightinsteadjustsailthroughtheirstudyingandwouldn’tstoptoaskthemselvesiftheytrulyunderstoodwhattheyread,heard,ordid.Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.Althoughitmightbegoodforyou,researchersrecognizethatquestioningyourbeliefscanbetrulyhard.Still,it’simportanttorememberthatquestioningbeliefsisn’talwaysaboutreplacingoldoneswithnewones.Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”8．WhydoestheauthormentiontheexplosionoftheChallenger?A．Toexpresshissorrowfortheloss.B．Tostressthehighriskofspaceflights.C．Toshowtheresultofwrongoperation.D．Togiveanexampleofoverconfidence.9．WhatdoweknowaboutintellectualhumilityaccordingtoPorter’sresearch?A．Iturgedstudentstogainrecognition.B．Itencouragedstudentstotakeexams.C．Ithelpedstudentstoadjustlearningmethods.D．Itmotivatedstudentstomemorizeknowledge.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gotasubjectdownpat”meaninparagraph5?A．Fullymasteredasubject. B．PutgreateffortintoasubjectC．Reallyenjoyedasubject. D．Benefitedalotfromasubject.11．Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A．Whyquestioningourbeliefishard.B．Whyintellectualhumilityishelpful.C．Howtobecomeaconfidentperson.D．Howtopracticeintellectualhumility.DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.“Wedevelopedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeYu,anassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝膠)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.12．Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A．thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB．theinspirationforanewinventionC．thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD．thereasonfordevelopingasensor13．Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A．c-a-e-d-b. B．c-a-d-e-b.C．a(chǎn)-c-e-d-b. D．a(chǎn)-e-c-d-b.14．Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A．Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B．Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C．Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D．Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MachineDetective“Wears”FlexibleE-skinB．Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”WithoutTouchingC．E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD．ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Greenroofshavebeenaroundforthousandsofyears,longbeforemodernhousingwasdeveloped.Fromthesimplegrass-coveredroofsabovecavestothefamousHangingGardensofBabylon,theyremainedanimportantpartofarchitecture.16Theybringenormousenvironmentalbenefitsandoffersolutionstosomepressingecologicalchallengesofourtime.Inthedesignofagreenroof,therearekeyfactorsthatcount.Thefirststepistoinstall(安裝)aprotectivelayerovertherooftopreventwaterdamage.17It’sessentialtochoosehigh-qualitymaterials,asoncethegreenroofiscompletedandthebuildingisinuse,replacingtheprotectivelayerbecomesdifficultandexpensive.Next,adrainage(排水)layer,whichisoftenmadeofpebblesoraspecialmat,isplacedontop.Ithelpswaterflowofftheroofinsteadofpoolingonit.Then,agrowingmedium,likesoilorothersimilarmaterials,isspreadoverthedrainagelayer.18Nowit’stimetochooseplantsfortheroof.Someplantshaveshallowrootsystemsanddon’tneedmuchwater.19Sedumandchivesaregoodexamplesofsuchplants.Theyarenotonlywater-efficientbuttoughandlong-lasting.20It’simportanttothinkaboutyourbudget.Onaverage,itcosts$25to$30persquarefoottoinstallagreenroof.Thisdoesn’tincludethecostofinstallingorrepairingthenormalroofunderneath.Andthereislabourcosttocover.Ifatraditionalroofcosts$30persquarefoot,installingagreenroofcouldeasilydoublethatexpense.A．Thisiswheretheplantswillgrow.B．However,greenroofscomeatahighcost.C．Today,greenroofsaregainingmoreattention.D．Thesefeaturesmakethemidealforgreenroofs.E．Asaresult,theyledtothepopularityofgreenroofs.F．Greenroofmaterialscanrangefromgrasstosolarpanels.G．Thelayeralsostopsplantrootsgrowingintotheroofstructure.第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ionceworkedintheremotebutbeautifulcountryside.Allfarmworkcan,inmyexperience,apersontodevelopaSpartan(斯巴達(dá)的)spirit.Fromtheageofeight,Ihadtocontributemyshareofalongwithmyparentsandtwoelderbrothers.Onthehottestsummerdayswhentheairflowed,Ikneltinapaddyfield(稻田)withmykneesdeepinmud.Thebugsandwormsinthewaterintomyskin,andthesunburneduponmyback.Sweatstreameddown;ifadropranintotheeyes,itwouldtears.SoIalwayskeptmyfaceaslowaspossible.Itoldmyself,“Be!”Ifmyparentsandbrotherscouldgoontakingit,socouldI.Ipulledmyselftogetheranddraggedmyselfforward.Ilearnednottobeafraidofdifficultiesandthemeaningof“youreap(收獲)whatyou.”“Judgeamannotbyhisface,butbyhis,”mymotherusedtosay.Thelandis,aslongasyouarewillingtoworkonit.Whenthewindblewandthericeplantsmovedlikeinthesea,breathtakinglybeautiful,adeepsenseofsatisfactioninme.AlthoughlaterIwentintoacademicresearch,Ishallalwaysrememberwhatworkinginthepaddyfieldstaughtme:yourfeetfirmlyontheground,nevergiveupandyouwillbe.21．A．remind B．warn C．a(chǎn)ttract D．train22．A．wealth B．luck C．labour D．wisdom23．A．gently B．hardly C．loudly D．usually24．A．climbed B．bit C．cut D．fell25．A．a(chǎn)rched B．broad C．strong D．straightened26．A．hold B．produce C．drop D．replace27．A．quick B．proud C．quiet D．patient28．A．Slowly B．Slightly C．Safely D．Sadly29．A．pick B．find C．sow D．wish30．A．fields B．books C．neighbours D．clothes31．A．a(chǎn)ffordable B．a(chǎn)cceptable C．dependable D．livable32．A．boats B．weeds C．fishes D．waves33．A．welledup B．brokeup C．cooledoff D．heldoff34．A．drag B．kick C．plant D．lift35．A．promoted B．educated C．comforted D．rewarded第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnAugust5,2024,ChinesebadmintonplayerHeBingjiaowonasilvermedalattheParisOlympics.However,36trulystoodoutwasatouchingmomentonthepodium(領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)).Asshereceivedhermedal,HeBingjiaoheldabadge(徽章)37(feature)theSpanishflag,whicharousedwidespreadcuriosityonline.Thisgesturewastoexpressrespectandcareforhersemifinalopponent,Spain’sCarolinaMarin,who38(retire)fromthematchduetoinjury.HeBingjiaoexplained,“IbroughttheSpanishbadgebecauseMarin’ssufferingbrokemyheart.Ihopesheseesthisandwishheraspeedy39(recover).”Duringtheirsemifinalmatch,Marinperformedwellbut40(force)tostopaftergettinginjured.HeBingjiaoimmediatelyreachedout,offeringsupportandcheckingonMarin,whowas41(visible)upset.Theactrapidlymadeheadlinesaroundtheworld.TheInternationalOlympicCommitteepraisedHeBingjiao42showingtheOlympicvaluesofrespectandfriendship.Spanishmediaalsohighlightedthe43(emotion)moment,withmanyfansapplaudinghersportsmanship.PauGasol,thelegendarySpanishbasketballplayer,calledit44beautifuldisplayofOlympicspirit.HeBingjiao’sactionnotonlydemonstratedherrespectforheropponentbutalsoreflectedthetruespiritoftheOlympics—competition,45(pair)withunityandmutual(相互的)respect.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46．假定你是李華，你校正在為英語文學(xué)閱讀室設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)識(shí)，現(xiàn)向?qū)W生征集意見。請(qǐng)你給負(fù)責(zé)此項(xiàng)工作的外教Mr.Green寫郵件，從以下標(biāo)識(shí)中選擇你最喜歡的一個(gè)，并說明理由。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)為80左右;2.可以增加適當(dāng)細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫;3.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMr.Green,IamwritingtosharemyideasonthelogodesignforourEnglishliteraturereadingroom.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。ThecarturnedontothefamiliarroadthatledtoGrandma’sfarm.“Jude,thissummerholidaywillbeagreatchanceforyoutostaywithyourgrandma,”Dadsaidashedrove.Everymoment,weweremovingfartherawayfromthecity,theplacewhereIknewhowtodothingsright.Thecarenginewasn’toffbeforeGrandmahuggedme.Islowlydraggedmyselfoutofthecar.“Jude,youlookunhappy.Why?”Grandmaasked.Sheactedlikenothingbadhadhappenedlasttime.CouldIaskhowmuchmoneyherneighborMr.Jacksonhadlostbecauseofmymistake?Washestillupsetwithme?“I’mfine,”Ianswered.“I’mjustmissingmycomputercamp.ComputersaresomethingI’mgoodat.”“Thatsoundsdisappointing.”Grandmanodded.IlikedvisitingthefarmduringbreaksbeforeImessedthingsuplastsummer.Grandmalivedalone,andMr.Jacksonwaslikefamilytoher.ThenonedayIforgottolockthegateandletthegoatsintohisflowerbeds.Helostalmostallhisrosesforthefarmers’market.Now,backatthefarm,Ifeltnervous.IwastryingtohideintheroomwhenIsawMr.Jackson!HewasopeningthedoorandcallingGrandma.“Ineedhelp!”heyelledtoher.“Justasecondforthefreshlyharvestedroses!”Thatwaswhenhesawme.Ifeltmyhearttightenandwasreadyforhiscriticism.Ideservedit.Hehadprobablybeenwaitingforthismomentsincelastsummer.However,Mr.Jacksongreetedmehappily,“Great,Judeishere!Yourgrandmaalwaystellsusyouareawonderfullycompetent(有能力的)computerprogrammer.”Ishookmyhead.“Iamnotcompetent.IamsorryImessedthingsup.”Hewassurprisedandcomfortedme,“Itwasanaccident.Beingcompetentdoesn’tmeanyounevermakemistakes.”Ilookedoutofthewindow.Therewerepilesofroseswaitingtobesold.“Jude,canyouhelpus?Wewanttosellrosesonline.Wehaveacomputerandalltheparts(零件)forourinternetconnection,butwejustcan’tsetitup,”Grandmaasked.Nointernet.Theyseemedtoliveinthetwentiethcentury.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。MaybeIcouldbesomeonewhowasreallycompetent.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withinafewhours,ordersforrosesfloodedin.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁1．A2．C3．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了鮑林格林州立大學(xué)的夏令營，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatkindsofactivitiesdocampersgettodo?(營員們可以參加哪些活動(dòng)？)”部分中“Hands-onactivitiestopracticespecimen(標(biāo)本)collectionprocedures(實(shí)踐標(biāo)本收集程序)”可知，該夏令營提供標(biāo)本收集練習(xí)，故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whatdoesthecostcover?(費(fèi)用包括什么？)”部分中“Thecostofthenon-residentialprogramis$850,withanadditional$400feefortheresidentialoption.Thetotalprogramcostcoversroomandboard,allmaterialsforlabsandactivitiesaswellastransportationforfieldtrips.A10%discountisavailableforearlyadmission.(非住宿項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用為850美元，住宿項(xiàng)目的額外費(fèi)用為400美元。項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用包括食宿費(fèi)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室和活動(dòng)的所有材料以及實(shí)地考察的交通費(fèi)。提前加入可享受九折優(yōu)惠)”可知，住宿項(xiàng)目總費(fèi)用為850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折優(yōu)惠，即1250×90%=1125美元，故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ApplicationRequirements(申請(qǐng)要求)”部分中“Note:Answerstoquestionsprovidedbyanyoneotherthanthatapplicantwilldisqualifytheapplication.(注：由申請(qǐng)人以外的人提供的問題的答案將取消申請(qǐng)資格)”可知，提供別人給出的答案會(huì)導(dǎo)致申請(qǐng)人被取消資格，故選B。4．D5．C6．B7．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了科幻小說之父之一JulesVerne及其作品。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Hedescribedthe‘phonotelephone’whichsentsoundandimagesovergreatdistances.Themaincharacter,FritzNapoleonSmith,isabletoeasilycommunicateviathistechnologywithhiswifeonanothercontinent(他描述了可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的‘電話機(jī)’。主人公FritzNapoleonSmith能夠通過這種技術(shù)輕松地與他在另一個(gè)大陸的妻子交流)”和第三段中“Mr.Smithwasabledistinctlytoseehiswifedespitethedistancethatseparatedhimfromher...Mrs.Smithimmediatelyappearedonthetelephoticscreen,withherfeaturessmilingandhereyesmoist(潮濕的)withtears.(Smith先生能夠清楚地看到他的妻子，盡管他和她相隔很遠(yuǎn)……Smimth夫人立即出現(xiàn)在長焦屏幕上，臉上帶著微笑，眼里含著淚水)”可知，Smith和妻子交流時(shí)使用可以遠(yuǎn)距離傳送聲音和圖像的“電話機(jī)”，妻子的臉會(huì)出現(xiàn)在屏幕上，所以Smith是通過即時(shí)視頻聊天和妻子聯(lián)系，故選D。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikeotherwritersofhisdaywhopennedmorefancifulorsupernaturalstories,Verneaimedforrealisminhisfuturisticvisions,alwaysbasingthemoncutting-edgescienceandhisownextensiveresearch.Thislaidthefoundationforthe‘hardsciencefiction’ofthe20thcenturyandbeyond.(與同時(shí)代的其他作家寫更多的幻想或超自然的故事不同，Verne在他的未來愿景中追求現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，總是基于前沿科學(xué)和他自己的廣泛研究。這為20世紀(jì)及以后的‘硬科幻小說’奠定了基礎(chǔ))”可知，“硬科幻小說”以最新的研究結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientistwhoseinventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemoin20,000LeaguesUndertheSeauseshissubmarine(潛艇)toviolentlyattackships.ForVernehumannaturedeterminedwhethertechnologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.(他的許多故事都描寫了一位才華橫溢但瘋狂的科學(xué)家，他的發(fā)明最終帶來的壞處大于好處。在《海底兩萬里》中，尼莫船長使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只。Verne認(rèn)為，人類的本性決定了技術(shù)是善的力量還是毀滅的源泉)”可知，Verne描寫尼莫船長使用他的潛艇猛烈攻擊船只，這是描寫科技帶來的壞處，推知他意識(shí)到了科技的危險(xiǎn)，故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“healsopredictedover100modern-dayinventionsandtechnologiesinhiswriting(他還在他的作品中預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù))”和第四段中“Verne’stechnically-groundedadventuretalesrepresentedanewapproachtoimaginingthefuturethroughfiction.(Verne以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的冒險(xiǎn)故事代表了一種通過小說想象未來的新方法)”可知，Verne的作品預(yù)言了100多種現(xiàn)代發(fā)明和技術(shù)，以技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)想象未來世界，故他具有前瞻性思維，故選D。8．D9．C10．A11．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家的研究，通過具體研究案例，來說明智力謙遜如何幫助人們更好地學(xué)習(xí)和調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二至第四句“Hefoundoverconfidenceisverycommon,especiallywhenitcomestowhatpeoplebelievetobetrue,andcanleadustodisastrousdecisions.In1986,NASAbelievedthattheriskoflossforanyspaceflightwasroughly1in100,000.ItwasanoverconfidentbeliefandmighthaveledtotheexplosionoftheChallenger.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)過度自信非常普遍，尤其是在人們認(rèn)為某件事情正確時(shí)，這種過度自信可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的決策。1986年，NASA認(rèn)為每次太空飛行發(fā)生損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大約是1/100,000。這種過度自信的信念可能引發(fā)了“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)”的爆炸)”可知，作者先介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)過度自信可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重后果，之后提及1986年這起災(zāi)難。由此推知，提及“挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)”爆炸是說明過度自信會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難的一個(gè)例子。故選D項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“Shefoundthatstudentswithintellectualhumilityweremuchmorelikelytotestthemselvestoseewhethertheyreallyunderstoodthematerialandseekoutpotentialholesintheirunderstanding.Whentheygottestscores,they’dchangetheirstudystrategicstoimprovetheirperformanceandmasterthematerialforthenexttest.(她發(fā)現(xiàn)，智力謙遜的學(xué)生更有可能去檢驗(yàn)自己是否真正理解了學(xué)習(xí)材料，并尋找自己理解上的漏洞。當(dāng)他們看到考試成績時(shí)，他們會(huì)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)策略，以提高學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)，并掌握好材料為下一次考試做準(zhǔn)備)”可知，智力謙遜這種特質(zhì)會(huì)使學(xué)生及時(shí)反思自己的學(xué)習(xí)，相應(yīng)調(diào)整學(xué)習(xí)方法。故選C項(xiàng)。10．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Suchstudentsthoughttheygotasubjectdownpat,butwhenaskedtoexplainitonatest,theyfoundtheydidn’tactuallyunderstandasmuchastheyhadthought.(這些學(xué)生以為自己對(duì)某個(gè)科目gotdownpat，但在考試中被要求解釋時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的理解并沒有自己想象的那么多)”可知，學(xué)生們?cè)诳荚囍皯?yīng)是對(duì)自己比較自信，認(rèn)為自己對(duì)該相關(guān)知識(shí)十分了解，或已經(jīng)全會(huì)了，但到考場答題時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會(huì)的不如原本所認(rèn)為的那么多。由此可知，gotasubjectdownpat應(yīng)是“對(duì)某科目了解很多”或“對(duì)某科目完全掌握”之意。故選A項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Thegoodnewsisthatthere’sa“vaccine(疫苗)”foroverconfidence,andthat’swhatscientistscall“intellectualhumility”—recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong.(好消息是，過度自信有一種“疫苗”，科學(xué)家稱之為“智力謙遜”——即認(rèn)識(shí)到你的信念可能是錯(cuò)誤的)”及全文最后一句“Ifyoufindithardtoquestionabelief,trytaking“babysteps.”(如果你覺得很難質(zhì)疑一種信念，可以嘗試邁出“一小步”)”可知，最后一句中所說的“questionabelief”即前文所說的“recognizingthatyourbeliefscouldbewrong”，也就是第二段最后一句引號(hào)中所言的“智力謙遜”。全文最后一句又說，“可以嘗試邁出‘一小步’”。由此推知，所謂的“一小步”究竟該怎么做，會(huì)在下文進(jìn)行介紹，即如何練習(xí)做到“智力謙虛”。故選D項(xiàng)。12．B13．A14．C15．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種仿生傳感器，靈感來自一種魚類，無需觸摸即可感知物體的位置。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，第一段主要介紹了一種魚類，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，受此啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家們開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，由此可知，第一段旨在介紹一個(gè)新發(fā)明的靈感。故選B項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.(人工傳感器是多層的。一層充當(dāng)發(fā)射器，一旦激活就會(huì)產(chǎn)生電場，另一層充當(dāng)接收器，檢測(cè)物體的方向和距離。一個(gè)單獨(dú)的控制器產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)信號(hào)來激活發(fā)射器。當(dāng)物體進(jìn)入范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，傳感器周圍的電場會(huì)被擾亂，這反過來又可以被接收器檢測(cè)到。然后，微控制器單元處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算目標(biāo)物體的位置，并將該信息發(fā)送到智能手機(jī)或其他設(shè)備)”可知，工作過程是控制器發(fā)送激活信號(hào)，發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場，電場被接近的物體擾亂，接收器檢測(cè)電信號(hào)的變化，一個(gè)微控制器單元計(jì)算目標(biāo)的位置，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故選A項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Incontrasttothet