話題素材——自然災(zāi)害[話題詞匯]1．sufferingn.痛苦；苦難2．harmfuladj.有害的3．rescuen.&vt.救援4．frightenedadj.害怕的5．hopelessadj.沒(méi)希望的6．beshockedat對(duì)……感到震驚7．a(chǎn)ttachgreatimportanceto...十分重視……；認(rèn)為……非常重要8．burstout突然爆發(fā)9．inharmonywithnature與自然和諧共處10．take_measures/steps_to_do_sth.采取措施做某事11．dodamageto對(duì)……有害；損害12．get_rid_of消除；擺脫掉；除掉13．take_on_a_new_look呈現(xiàn)新面貌14．leadto/contributeto導(dǎo)致[經(jīng)典佳句]1．Unitedwestand;dividedwefall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存；分裂則亡。2．It_is_really_amazing_thattheonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifultown,full_of_life.令人驚奇的是，這個(gè)曾經(jīng)被毀滅的地方已經(jīng)變成了一個(gè)漂亮的城鎮(zhèn)，生機(jī)勃勃。3．In_order_to_helptheearthquakevictimstogo_throughthehardtimesandrebuildtheirhometown,theschoolhascalledoneveryoneinourschooltodonatemoneytotheearthquake-strikenarea.為了幫助受災(zāi)群眾渡過(guò)難關(guān)，重建家園，學(xué)校號(hào)召所有人向地震災(zāi)區(qū)捐款。精美語(yǔ)篇HowtosurviveinanearthquakeOnAugust8,2017anearthquakewiththemagnitudeof7.0hitJiuzhaigouCounty,SichuanProvince.Theearthquakehascausedsignificantdamage.Sohowtotakesafetymeasuresduringanearthquakehasbeeanimportantissue.Herearesomeguidelinesonstayingsafeinearthquakes.Firstly,don'tbenervousandkeepcalm.Trytogetintoanopenareaawayfromtrees,buildings,walls,signs,powerlinesandanythingelsethatmightfallonyouifyouareoutdoors.Secondly,ifyouareindoors,staythere.Quicklymovetoasafelocationintheroomsuchasunderastrongdesk,astrongtable,oralonganinteriorwall.Coveryourheadandneckwithyourarms.Thegoalistoprotectyourselffromfallingobjectsandbelocatednearthestructuralstrongpointsoftheroom.Avoidtakingcovernearwindows,largemirrorsandhangingobjects.Thirdly,nevergotothestairsandnevertakethelifttogodownstairs.Thestairsarealikelypartofthebuildingtobedamaged.Evenifthestairsarenotcollapsedbytheearthquake,theymaycollapselaterwhenoverloadedbyfleeingpeople.Thoughwecan'tstopearthquakes,wecanreducethedamagethatearthquakesbringusifwetakerightmeasures.◆高頻單詞1．burst(vi.)爆裂；爆發(fā)(n.)突然破裂；爆發(fā)→burst(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)2．event(n.)事件；大事3．nation(n.)國(guó)家；民族；國(guó)民→national(adj.)國(guó)家的；民族的；全國(guó)的→nationality(n.)國(guó)籍4．dirt(n.)污垢；泥土→dirty(adj.)骯臟的5．ruin(n.)廢墟；毀滅(vt.)毀滅；使破產(chǎn)→ruined(adj.)(建筑物)毀壞了的；嚴(yán)重受損的6．suffering(n.)苦難；痛苦→suffer(v.)遭受(苦難等)7．extreme(adj.)極度的→extremely(adv.)極度地8．injure(vt.)損害；傷害→injury(n.)傷害；損害→injured(adj.)受傷的9．survivor(n.)幸存者；生還者；殘存物→survive(vt.&vi.)幸存；存活下來(lái)→survival(n.)生存；存活；幸存10．destroy(vt.)破壞；毀壞；消滅→destruction(n.)破壞；摧毀11．track(n.)軌道；足跡；痕跡(vt.)跟蹤；追蹤12．useless(adj.)無(wú)用的；無(wú)效的；無(wú)益的→useful(反義詞)(adj.)有用的；有益的13．shock(vt.&vi.)(使)震驚；震動(dòng)(n.)休克；打擊；震驚→shocking(adj.)令人震驚的→shocked(adj.)震驚的14．rescue(n.&vt.)援救；營(yíng)救15．trap(vt.)使陷入困境(n.)陷阱；困境→trapped(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)16．electricity(n.)電；電流；電學(xué)→electric(adj.)用電的；帶電的→electrical(adj.)與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的17．disaster(n.)災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍18．bury(vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隱藏19．shelter(n.)掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處→sheltered(adj.)有遮避物的；受到保護(hù)的20．damage(n.&vt.)損失；損害21．frighten(vt.)使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened(adj.)受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening(adj.)令人恐懼的22．congratulation(n.)祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞→congratulate(vt.)祝賀23．judge(n.)裁判員；法官(vt.&vi.)斷定；判斷；判決→_judgement(n.)判斷力；識(shí)別力24．express(vt.)表示；表達(dá)(n.)快車(chē)；速遞→expression(n.)表達(dá)；表情◆重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．right_away立刻；馬上2．think_little_of輕視；認(rèn)為……沒(méi)價(jià)值3．a(chǎn)s_if仿佛；好像4．a(chǎn)t_an_end結(jié)束；終結(jié)5．in_ruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪6．dig_out掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)7．a(chǎn)(great)numberof許多；大量的8．intheopenair在戶外9．raisemoney集資；籌款；募捐◆熱點(diǎn)句型1．too...to...“太……而不能……”Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoo_nervous_to_eat(緊張得不吃食)．(教材P26)2．lookingfor...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Miceranoutofthefieldslooking_for_places_to_hide(找地方藏身)．(教材P26)3．Itseems/seemedasif...“看起來(lái)好像……”It_seemed_as_if(看起來(lái)好像)theworldwasatanend！(教材P26)4．leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwere_left_without_parents(成了孤兒)．(教材P26)5．everywhere用作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Everywhere_they_looked(人們無(wú)論朝哪看)nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(教材P26)6．a(chǎn)ll...not表示部分否定All_hope_was_not(并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材P26)◆同步訓(xùn)練在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．ItwasfeltinBeijing,________ismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.答案：which2．Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecity________(lie)inruins.答案：lay3．________numberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.答案：The4．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewho(trap)andtoburythedead.答案：weretrapped5．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors________homeshadbeendestroyed.答案：whose6．________(slow),thecitybegantobreatheagain.答案：Slowly7．This________(frighten)boywhosemotherwaslostinthedisasterislookingforhernow.答案：frightened8．________(congratulate)!Wearepleased________(tell)youthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingpetition.答案：Congratulations;totell9．Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffive________(judge),allof________agreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.答案：judges;whom10．________youknow,thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-fiveyearsago.答案：As1burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)教材原句Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.(P26)在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。burstout突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)burstoutdoingsth.＝burstinto＋n.突然……起來(lái)burstintotears/laughter＝burstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/大笑起來(lái)burstoutcheering＝burstintocheers突然歡呼起來(lái)burstin/into闖進(jìn)；突然破門(mén)而入burstwithanger/grief/joy勃然大怒/悲痛欲絕/樂(lè)不可支aburstof一陣……①Hearingthis,thewholeclassburst_out_laughingandmydeskmate'sfaceturnedred.聽(tīng)到這，全班同學(xué)大笑起來(lái)，我同桌的臉變紅了。②Heburst_intotheroomwithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademeveryangry.他沒(méi)敲門(mén)就闖進(jìn)房間，這使我非常生氣。③AtthenewsthatmydadwouldbebackfromLondonthisweek,Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburst_with_joy.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)星期爸爸要從倫敦回來(lái)的消息，我覺(jué)得心花怒放。2ruinn．[U]毀滅；毀壞；崩潰；[常用復(fù)數(shù)]廢墟；遺跡vt.(使)毀壞；毀滅；成為廢墟；使破產(chǎn)教材原句Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(P26)在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就成為了一片廢墟。(1)lie/beinruins(建筑物)倒塌；破敗不堪gotoruin/fallintoruin(因無(wú)人照料而)衰落、敗落bring...toruin使……毀滅；使……沒(méi)落；使……破產(chǎn)(2)ruinoneself毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途①Whentheyreturnedthenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodin_ruins.當(dāng)他們第二天回來(lái)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的街區(qū)已成為一片廢墟。②Alargenumberofchurchesfell_into_ruinaftertherevolution.革命過(guò)后，許多教堂都?xì)Я?。③Avillageoncesoattractivewasbrought_to_ruin.一個(gè)曾經(jīng)那么美好的村莊被毀掉了。④Wastingtimedoingnothingistoruin_oneself.什么事也不做會(huì)使自己毀滅。⑤Thebadweatherhasruined_all_my_pleasurefortheholiday.糟糕的天氣毀掉了我度假的好心情。3injurevt.損害；傷害教材原句Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(P26)他們中有三分之二在地震中傷亡。(1)injuredadj.受傷的theinjured受傷的人(表示一類(lèi)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))(2)injuryn.傷；傷口；傷害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.傷害某人①Becausemyleftfootwas_injuredinthefootballgame,Icannotgotherewithyouasplanned.由于我的左腳在足球比賽中受傷了，我不能按計(jì)劃和你一起去那兒。②Aterribleaccidenthappenedatthecrossingandanambulancerushedthe_injuredtothehospital.在十字路口發(fā)生了可怕的交通事故，救護(hù)車(chē)把傷者火速送到了醫(yī)院。③Don'tliftthattoolbox—you'lldo_yourself_an_injury!別搬那只工具箱，你會(huì)傷著你自己的?、苡胕njure,wound,hurt,harm的正確形式填空a．Heclaimedthatworkingtoohardwasharminghishealth.b．Hediedofasinglegunshotwoundtotheleftsideofhishead.c．Whathesaidhurtmedeeply.d．Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobesenttothehospital.4shockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng)n．休克；打擊；震驚教材原句Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.(P26)井里充滿了沙子而不是水。人們都震驚了。(1)beinastateofshock大為震驚；休克abig/greatshock極大的震驚beashocktosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)打擊easashock讓某人大吃一驚(2)shockedadj.感到驚訝的beshockedat/bysth.對(duì)……感到震驚(3)shockingadj.令人震驚的shock意為“令人震驚的人或事”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，其前通常與不定冠詞a連用。即：抽象名詞具體化。①I(mǎi)was_shocked_at_the_newsthathehadresigned.聽(tīng)到他辭職的消息，我深感震驚。②Now,electric_shocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.現(xiàn)在，電擊訓(xùn)練和藥物治療正幫助挽救這些大鳥(niǎo)。③Itcameas_a_shockthatIwaspromoted.我升職的消息著實(shí)讓人吃驚。④Heisn'tseriouslyinjuredbutheisin_a_state_of_shock.他傷得不重，但驚魂未定/處于休克狀態(tài)。⑤Aftertheshockingnewsspreadthroughoutthewholecity,everyonefeltshocked.在那個(gè)令人震驚的消息傳遍全城之后，人人都深感震驚。5buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；使專(zhuān)心；使沉浸；隱藏教材原句Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(P26)救援部隊(duì)組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來(lái)，并將死者掩埋。(1)beburiedin埋頭于；專(zhuān)心于beburiedinthought沉思(2)buryoneselfinone'swork/studies.埋頭工作/專(zhuān)心學(xué)習(xí)buryone'sface/headinone'shands雙手掩面/抱頭表“專(zhuān)心于某事”的短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的還有：bedevotedto,beabsorbedin,beaddictedto,belostin,focuson,concentrateon等。①Eversincehemovedthere,hehas_buried_himself_inhisresearchwork.→Eversincehemovedthere,hehas_been_buried_inhisresearchwork.自從搬到那里以后，他一直專(zhuān)注于研究工作。②Shesatthere,buried_in_thought.她坐在那兒，陷入了沉思。③Sheburied_her_face_in_her_handsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.當(dāng)她聽(tīng)到那個(gè)壞消息時(shí)，她掩面而泣。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Greatly________(shock)atthesadnews,hestoodthere,paralysedwithfear.答案：shockedbeshockedatsth.“對(duì)某事感到震驚”。故此處填形容詞shocked作狀語(yǔ)。2．Toourrelief,uptonowthe________(injure)intheearthquakeofJiuzhaigouCountyinSichuanProvincehavebeencarriedtothenearbyhospital.答案：injuredtheinjured“傷員”?！皌he＋adj.”表示一類(lèi)人。3．Ihaven'treadallofhisbooksbefore,but______(judge)fromtheoneIhaveread,Ithinkhe'saverypromisingwriter.答案：judgingjudgingfrom...“由……來(lái)判斷”。4．OnseeingJayChouappearontheVoiceofChina,theaudienceburstout________(cheer)．答案：cheering此處為“burstout＋doing”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“突然……起來(lái)”。5．Withhisface________(bury)inthepillow,hecriedloudly.答案：buried此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。hisface與bury之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。6．Thewholecitylayin________(ruin)aftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.答案：ruinslieinruins“成為廢墟”。句意：地震之后整個(gè)城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜未眠。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Therescueteamhassavedmorethantenpeopletrappingunderthecollapsedbuilding.______________________________________________________答案：trapping→trapped2．Shefounditwasextremedifficulttogetajob.______________________________________________________答案：extreme→extremely3．Iwaswrapped(包裹)heavilyandwellshelteredoutfromthefreezingandblowingweather.______________________________________________________答案：去掉out4．Thetwosportsmencongratulatedeachotherinwinningthematchbyshakinghands.______________________________________________________答案：in→onatanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)教材原句Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！(P26)仿佛到了世界末日！(1)attheendof在……盡頭/末端(指時(shí)間或空間)intheend最后；終于bytheendof到……末為止(常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)etoanend結(jié)束beatanend結(jié)束put/bringanendtosth.結(jié)束某事makeendsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出(2)endupwith以……結(jié)束endupdoingsth.最后做某事；最終做某事(3)endingn.結(jié)局；結(jié)尾endlessadj.無(wú)止境的；連續(xù)的①Themeetingwasnearlyat_an_endwhenIgottothemeetingroom.當(dāng)我到達(dá)會(huì)議室時(shí)，會(huì)議快要結(jié)束了。②It'shardworkbutifyouhangonyouwillsucceedin_the_end.這是項(xiàng)困難的工作，但如果你堅(jiān)持，最后是能成功的。③By_the_end_ofthisweek,Iwillhavefinishedmostofthework.到本周末為止，我將會(huì)完成大部分工作。④Manyfamiliesstruggledtomake_ends_meetineconomiccrisis.經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)很多家庭努力使收支平衡。⑤Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheended_up_apologizing.最初他拒不承認(rèn)有任何責(zé)任，到頭來(lái)還是道了歉。a(great)numberof許多；大量的教材原句Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.P27那么多人喪生是因?yàn)榈卣鸢l(fā)生在人們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候。(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agreat/large/small,numberof,agreat/goodmany,agoodfew/quiteafew))＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof,largeamountsof,quitealittle))＋不可數(shù)名詞(3)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof,largequantitiesof,plentyof))＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞(4)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(manya,morethanone))＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1)anumberof“許多的；大量的”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。number之前可加某些表示數(shù)量大小的形容詞。anumberof加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof“……的數(shù)量”，后面跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)agreatmany后修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，通常不加of，但名詞前有定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞修飾時(shí)要加上of。(3)largequantitiesof＋pl.n．/[U]n．作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；alargequantityof＋pl.n./[U]n．作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和名詞的數(shù)保持一致：復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；largeamountsof＋[U]n．作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；alargeamountof＋[U]n．作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。①Alargenumberofpeoplehave_appliedforthejob.許多人申請(qǐng)了這工作。②ThenumberofvisitorstoPhuketIslandinThailandhasnowgreatlyincreased.到泰國(guó)普吉島的游客數(shù)量現(xiàn)在大幅增加。③Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,largequantitiesofsoilare_being_washedaway.由于越來(lái)越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被沖走。④Manyafamouspopstarhas_beenruinedbydrugs.很多著名的流行音樂(lè)歌星都被毒品毀了。Ⅰ.選詞填空inruins；alargenumberof；atanend；rightaway；thinklittleof；digout1．Hearingthenewsthathismotherwasillinhospital,herushedtothehospital________.答案：rightaway2．Ihadapaininmyback,but________itatthetime.答案：thoughtlittleof3．IamwritingtoapplyforitforthesimplereasonthatIlovereadingandIown________books.答案：alargenumberof4．Thislatestinjurymustsurelymeanthathertenniscareerisnow________.答案：atanend5．Someofthem________theearth,otherswerecarryingtheearthawayinwheelbarrows,whilethereststooddoingnothing.答案：werediggingout6．Whatsurpriseduswasthatthewholecitylay________insuchashorttime.答案：inruinsⅡ.完成句子1．Shelefttheroomhurriedly____________________.她匆忙離開(kāi)房間好像生氣的樣子。答案：asif(shewas)angry2．Hedemandedthathissalary______________________.他要求應(yīng)該立刻給他加工資。答案：shouldbeincreasedrightaway3．Theydidwhatevertheycould—fromtutoringtowashingcars—________________forcharity.他們竭盡所能，包括輔導(dǎo)功課到給別人洗車(chē)來(lái)為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金。答案：toraisemoney4．It'sgoodforyoutorun______________________.在戶外跑步，對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是有益的。答案：intheopenairInthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.P26在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里，雞群甚至連豬都緊張得不吃食了。too...to...“太……而不能……”，表示否定意義，而在下列情況中表示肯定意義：(1)only/just/buttoo...to...“非常……去做……”too前的only/just/but不僅沒(méi)有否定意義，反而加重了too的肯定語(yǔ)氣。(2)too后面的形容詞為表示心情或描繪性形容詞的時(shí)候，如：happy,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,anxious,eager,kind,good等，表示肯定意義。(3)too...to...中的too前面有never/can't等時(shí)，此結(jié)構(gòu)為雙重否定表示肯定。can't...too.../can't...enough“越……越好；再……也不為過(guò)”。①I(mǎi)t'stoo_late_to_doanythingaboutitnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行任何補(bǔ)救都為時(shí)已晚。②Heisonlytoo_delighted_toacceptyourinvitation.他非常高興地接受了你的邀請(qǐng)。③Youcan't_be_too_careful/can't_be_careful_enoughwhiledrivingacar.在開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)，你越小心越好。eq\a\vs4\al(Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！P26,仿佛到了世界末日！)(1)本句中asif＝asthough意為“仿佛；好像”，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。常放在be,look,seem,sound,smell,feel等系動(dòng)詞之后。(2)asif還可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為從句所陳述的是不真實(shí)的或不可能發(fā)生/存在的情況時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用haddone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would/could/might/shoulddo如果asif引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且含有be動(dòng)詞，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，這樣asif后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞。①Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesas_ifitismissingsomething.當(dāng)食物中去掉了脂肪和鹽的時(shí)候，它嘗起來(lái)似乎缺少了什么。②Whenapencilispartlyputintoaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.當(dāng)把鉛筆的一部分放進(jìn)水里時(shí)，它看上去好像斷了。③Hebehavedasifnothinghad_happened.他表現(xiàn)得若無(wú)其事。④Thefootballplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(he_is)_hurt_badlyintheleg.這個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在操場(chǎng)上打著滾，似乎他的腿傷得很厲害。eq\a\vs4\al(Allhopewasnotlost.P26,并不是所有的希望都破滅了。)(1)英語(yǔ)中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,pletely,always,whole,entirely等具有總括意義的代詞、形容詞或副詞與否定詞not連用時(shí)，無(wú)論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英語(yǔ)中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用構(gòu)成全部否定。both的全部否定為neither;all的全部否定為none;either與否定詞連用表全部否定。①I(mǎi)t'simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobs,becausenot_all_of_themarefitforthem.所有的求職者都找到工作是不可能的，因?yàn)椴⒎撬腥硕寄軇偃芜@些工作。②Bothofthetwomathproblemsare_notverydifficult.＝Not_bothofthetwomathproblemsareverydifficult.這兩道數(shù)學(xué)題并非都很難。③Hetoldmeallpiecesofthenews,butnone_of_themwasveryexciting.他告訴了我所有的消息，但沒(méi)有一條激動(dòng)人心的。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hehadlosthiscourageandhishealthinthewarandneverfound________ofthemagain.答案：either否定詞never與either連用表示全部否定。句意：在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中他失去了勇氣和健康，并且再也不能把這些找回來(lái)了。2．Shewalkedhereandthereontheplaygroundasif________(look)forsomething.答案：looking此處為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，從句補(bǔ)充完整為：asifshewaslookingforsomething。由于從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且含有be動(dòng)詞，故省略了從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，故用looking。3．Ican'tthankyou________muchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.答案：too此處為“can't...too...”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“無(wú)論……也不為過(guò)”。4．Schoolstarted,butIfeltmoreandmorenervousasifI________(be)inaforeigncountrynow.答案：were由句末的now可知，此處asif引導(dǎo)的從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，故用were。5．Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewith________.答案：everything否定詞與every,all等連用時(shí)表部分否定，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處填everything。Ⅱ.完成句子1．Justasanoldsayinggoes：“Itisnever____________.”正如那句老話：“活到老，學(xué)到老”。答案：toooldtolearn2．__________________________________，foritisquitehardforsomeofthem.并不是所有人都愿意做這樣的工作，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)于有些人來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。答案：Notallpeoplearewillingtodosuchwork3．Helookedsadasifhe________________thenextday.他看上去很悲傷，就像第二天要沒(méi)命一樣。答案：woulddie定語(yǔ)從句(Ⅰ)在主從復(fù)合句中，對(duì)某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why等)兩類(lèi)。關(guān)系詞通常有三個(gè)作用：(1)連接主從句；(2)指代先行詞；(3)在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。關(guān)系代詞的基本用法指代對(duì)象指代人指代物使用情況主語(yǔ)who,thatwhich,that從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)whom,thatwhich,that定語(yǔ)whosewhose先行詞與從句主語(yǔ)有所屬關(guān)系①Amanwho/thatisperfectlypleasedwiththepresentstateofthingsisafailure.完全滿足于現(xiàn)狀的人是失敗者。②Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.在河附近的大樓是我們學(xué)校。③Thatisthebookthat/whichIwanttoread.那是我想讀的那本書(shū)。④DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangBing?你知道那個(gè)叫王冰的人嗎？⑤Thebuildingwhosewindowsfacesouthwasbuiltlastyear.窗戶朝南的那座建筑是去年建成的。關(guān)系代詞的選擇條件：從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選用關(guān)系代詞。注意：有些情況只用that不用which，或只用which不用that，要在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中不斷積累。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.答案：that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thelittleproblems，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞被little修飾，故用that。句意：我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題有可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。2．InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognisedacrosstheworld.答案：whosewhose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞cities，而whose本身也在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾development。句意：在中國(guó)，城市數(shù)量正在增加，這些城市的發(fā)展得到了全世界的認(rèn)可。3．Doyouhaveanything________youwanttosayatthemeeting?答案：that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，由于先行詞為不定代詞，故填that。4．Thebooksontheshelf,________coversarebeautiful,areboughtbymyfather.答案：whose分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為books，與從句主語(yǔ)covers為所屬關(guān)系，故填whose作定語(yǔ)。5．AfterthenMary,________wehadbeentalkingaboutearlier,walkedin.答案：whom分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指人，故用whom。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．MyfatherandMrSmithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.______________________________________________________答案：who→that2．Theroomwhichwindowfacessouthismine.______________________________________________________答案：which→whose3．IhavereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.______________________________________________________答案：which→thatⅠ.閱讀理解ALastThursday,MichaelandLindastoodbehindlargefoodtrucksdistributingmealsto4,000homelesspeoplefortheirweddingreceptioninthebordertownofKilis.Thecouplehaddecidedthatinsteadofhostingtheirfriendsandfamilyforatraditionalfeastreception,theywouldfeedthevictimsfromanearthquake-strickenarea.Theideacamefromthebridegroom'sfather,Ted,whovolunteersforaTurkishrelieforganization.Forthepastfewyears,theorganizationhasdistributeddailymealstothousandsofpeoplewho'vesufferedfromnaturaldisasters.Heapproachedarepresentativeoftheorganizationandsuggestedthatthefamilycoverpartofthecostsoffeedingthemfortheday.Thenhetoldhisson,whowassurprisedbythesuggestion,butsoonwonover.Whenhetoldthattothebride,shewasreallyshockedbutfinallyacceptedbecauseinsoutheasternTurkeythereisarealcultureofsharingwithpeopleinneed.Theylovetosharetheirfood,theirtableandeverythingtheyhave.Andafterwardsshewasquiteamazedaboutit.So,theyarrivedatthedistributioncenteronThursdaytospendthedayservingfoodandtakingphotographswiththeirgratefulrecipients(接受者)．OnTuesdayevening,thenewlymarriedcouplewerestillpleasedwiththeirdecisiontoquitapersonalcelebrationforonewithagreatergood.“It'slikesharingadinnerwithyourfriendsandfamilywhohavethiskindofthingonadailybasisorsharingsomethingwithpeoplewhodon'tevenhavethemostbasicthings，”Michaelsaid.“Hopefully,thiswillalsogivethestartforotherweddingdinnerstobeheldherewithourbrothersandsistersinneed.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章描述了一場(chǎng)特殊的婚禮：一對(duì)善良的夫妻用救濟(jì)震區(qū)災(zāi)民的形式來(lái)慶?；槎Y，讓人敬仰。1．WhydidsomanypeoplecrowdinKilis?A．ToattendMichaelandLinda'swedding.B．Tosupporttheorganization.C．Toescapethedamagingearthquake.D．Tohelpdistributefreedailymeals.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段首句中的“MichaelandLindastoodbehindlargefoodtrucksdistributingmealsto4,000homelesspeoplefortheirweddingreceptiononthebordertownofKilis”和第二句中的“theywouldfeedthevictimsfromanearthquake-strickenarea”可知，他們?cè)诨槎Y上為從地震災(zāi)區(qū)而來(lái)的無(wú)家可歸的4,000人分發(fā)食物，所以這些人是地震災(zāi)區(qū)的災(zāi)民，是來(lái)逃難的，故選C。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“approached”inParagraph2mean?A．Tookin. B．Movedtowards.C．Cameacross. D．Consultedwith.答案：D詞義猜測(cè)題。此處指他找了一個(gè)成員代表和這個(gè)人商討這個(gè)問(wèn)題。畫(huà)線詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)是“洽談，商討”的意思，與D項(xiàng)相近，故選D。3．Howdidthecouplecelebratetheirwedding?A．Theytreatedtheirfriendsandrelativestoabigdinner.B．TheysharedtheirhappinesswiththehomelessinKilis.C．Theyaffordedtheentirecostofthedayforfeedingvictims.D．Theytookphotoswiththegratefulvictims.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段首句中的“MichaelandLindastoodbehindlargefoodtrucksdistributingmealsto4,000homelesspeoplefortheirweddingreceptiononthebordertownofKilis”和第二句中的“theywouldfeedthevictimsfromanearthquake-strickenarea”可知，他們決定不宴請(qǐng)親朋，而是在結(jié)婚當(dāng)日為從地震災(zāi)區(qū)而來(lái)的無(wú)家可歸的4,000人分發(fā)食物，所以這對(duì)夫妻用救濟(jì)災(zāi)民的方式來(lái)慶祝婚禮，故選B。4．Wecanknowfromthetextthat________.A．KilisisaplacewhichliesinsoutheasternTurkeyB．TedwasarepresentativeoftheorganizationC．LindaadoptedthesuggestionimmediatelyshehearditD．Michaeldoubtedifmorenewcoupleswouldfollowhim答案：A細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，Kilis在土耳其東南部，故選A。BIfyouliveinanearthquake-pronearea,it'swisetoprepareyourfamilywellinadvanceforthenext“BigOne”.It'salwaysimportanttomakesuretoprepareforearthquakes.Earthquakesaremoremonthansomepeoplerealize,andthoughtheyrarelyendupcausingdamage,it'simportanttohaveyourfamilypreparedforanearthquakehit.Puttogetheranemergencykitthatincludesfoodandwatertolastaweek,afireextinguisher,portableradio,batteries,flashlight,andfirst-aidsupplies.Noteallsafespotsineachroom,suchasdoorwaysorundersturdytablesanddesks.Knowthedangerousspots,suchasfireplaces,windows,mirrorsandhangingobjects.Pointoutsafetyexitsandkeepthoseareasclear.Makesureyourfamilyknowswhereemergencysuppliesarelocated.Checktobesurethateveryoneknowswhereandhowtoturnoffelectrical,gas,andwatermainvalveandswitches.Makesurethatallfamilymembersknowhowtoturnoffthegas,water,andelectricityincasethereisdamageaftertheearthquakethatneedstobetakencareof.Itmayproveusefultotakeyourdigitalcameraandmakea“HowtoGuide”，customizedtoyourhome,forthesethingswhichcanbestoredinthekit.Establishhowandwhereyourfamilywillreuniteifseparatedduringthequake.Arrangeaplaceforthefamilytomeet,ifyoucannotreturntoyourhomeaftertheearthquake.Ifyouhavearelativeoutsideofyourarea,arrangeaheadoftimetousehis/herphonenumberasacontactpoint.Rememberthatphonelineswillbeneededforemergencies,sodelaygettingonthephoneimmediatelyaftertheearthquake.Conductearthquakedrillswithyourfamilyeverysixmonths.Warningsandtips：Warmclothingandextrasleepingbagseinhandy.Games,toys,andbookshelpkeepyoungonesfortedandentertained.Keepwhatyoucanpackwithyouremergencykit.Turningonlightswitchesorlightingcandlescanstartleakinggas—chooseflashlightsinstead.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了怎樣和家人一起為地震做好自救準(zhǔn)備。5．Thefirstparagraphisusedas________.A．a(chǎn)ment B．a(chǎn)definitionC．a(chǎn)nintroduction D．a(chǎn)warning答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段主要是對(duì)地震及做好防震準(zhǔn)備的簡(jiǎn)單介紹，從而為下文做好鋪墊。故選C。6．Theunderlinedword“sturdy”inParagraph3maymean“________”．A．wooden B．wideC．long D．solid答案：D詞義猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合第三段第一句中的“Noteallsafespotsineachroom,suchasdoorwaysor...”可知，此處是在列舉那些安全的地方，所以這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該是表示“結(jié)實(shí)的”。7．Toprepareforanearthquake,youareadvisedto________.A．packsomedailysuppliesintoapackagetocarryB．callyourfamilymembersimmediatelyafteranearthquakeC．hidenearthewindowstobereadyforjumpingoutsideD．takeyourdigitalcameratorecordthesceneofanearthquake答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Puttogetheranemergencykitthatincludesfoodand...”可知，應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)應(yīng)用于地震急救的物品包，故答案選A。8．Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoiddoingwhenanearthquakehappens?A．Turningofflightsswitches.B．Lightingcandles.C．Puttingtoysintoyouremergencykit.D．Takingaflashlightalong.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段中的“Turningonlightswitchesorlightingcandlescanstartleakinggas”可知，地震發(fā)生時(shí)，應(yīng)該避免打開(kāi)電燈或點(diǎn)燃蠟燭。故選B。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。KeepingSafeinYourHouseDuringaFireThoughyoumaynotthinkyou'lleverfallvictimtoahousefire,it'sbettertobepreparedtoavoidpanicking.Toincreaseyourchancesofsurvival,justfollowthesesteps.1.Reactassoonasyouhearyoursmokealarmgooff.Onhearingyoursmokedetectororalarmgoingoffandseeingafire,exityourhomeassafelyaspossible.__1__2.Safelyexitthroughdoors.Ifyoudon'tseesmokeatthedoor,openitslowlyandpassthroughitaftermakingsurethedoorfeelscool.Ifthereisafirepreventingyoufromexitingtheroom,closethedoor.3.Protectyourselffromsmokeinhalation(吸入).Getlowtothefloorandcrouchorcrawlonyourhandsandkneestoavoidthesmoke.__2__Coveryournoseandmouthifyouhavetowalkbyorthroughaheavilysmoke-filledroom.4.__3__Ifyourclothescatchfire,immediatelystopwhatyou'redoing,dropflattotheground,androllarounduntilyouputthefireout.5.Preventthesmokeifyoucan'tgetout.__4__Closeyourdoorandcoverallvents(通風(fēng)口)andcracks(縫隙)arounditwithclothortapetokeepthesmokeout.6.Callforhelpfromasecondstoreywindow.__5__Youcantakeasheetorsomethingelse—whitepreferably—andhangitoutthewindowtosignifythatyouneedhelpwhenthefirstrespondersgetthere.A．Ifyoucan'tescapeyourhome,don'tpanic.B．Stop,drop,androllifyourclothescatchfire.C．Youareprobablyalotsaferbyclosingdoors.D．Escapefromasecondstoreywindowifyoucan.E．Smokeinhalationcausespeopletobeeunconscious.F．Donottrytogetyourphone,valuables,oryourotherimportantpossessions.G．Ifyouaretrappedinyoursecondstoreyroom,gettoanareawherepeoplecanfindyou.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了房屋著火時(shí)屋內(nèi)的人該如何逃生。1．F空格前是說(shuō)一聽(tīng)到煙霧探測(cè)器發(fā)出警報(bào)聲或一看到火苗，就盡可能安全地離開(kāi)家。F項(xiàng)“不要試圖拿、貴重物品或其他重要的財(cái)物”承接上文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。2．E根據(jù)該段第一句可知，該段的主題是避免吸入煙霧。E項(xiàng)中的“Smokeinhalation”與該段內(nèi)容相符，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。3．B空格處是該段的主題句。根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了衣服著火后正確的做法。B項(xiàng)“立刻停下來(lái)，躺在地上打滾”是對(duì)該段內(nèi)容的總括，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。4．A空格前是說(shuō)不能出去的時(shí)候要避免煙霧進(jìn)來(lái)，空格后是說(shuō)在屋內(nèi)防止煙霧進(jìn)來(lái)的具體做法。A項(xiàng)“如果你沒(méi)法從屋里逃出去，不要恐慌”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。5．G根據(jù)該段第一句可知，該段是說(shuō)在二樓的窗戶邊求救。G項(xiàng)“如果你被困在二樓的房間，去別人能看到你的地方”與該段主題一致，且能引出下文對(duì)具體做法的介紹。故選G。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法