專題強化練(十四)閱讀七選五——段首句類Test1(2024·南京市、鹽城市高三一模)Complainingisoftenlookedatasanegative，butifyouperfectit，greatthingscanhappen.__1__Expertsinsistthattoomuchcomplainingwillloweryourempathy(共鳴)andstopyouachievingyourdreamandlivingthelifeyouwant.Theysuggestthatyoucutoutnegativityfromyourlife，especiallypeoplewhocomplain.__2__Oncewediscoverhowtoeffectivelyintegrateit，greatthingscanhappen.DrRobinKowalskifoundthosewhocomplainwiththehopesofachievingacertainresulttendtobehappier.Complainingalsoinfluenceshowpeopleseeus，createssocialbonds，encouragesempathyandhelpscreaterealchanges.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinourlivesandisaskillthatcanbeextremelyeffective.__3__Soherearesomewaystodealwiththeartofcomplaininginaskillfulway.1．Clarifyandorganizeyourcomplaints.Itwillgetyourcomplaintsacrosstoothersmoreeasily.2．Workoutwhocangiveyouahand.__4__Pickthosewhocanempathizewithyouorhelpwithyourgoal.3．Makeconnectionswithothers.Itwouldbepossibleforpeopletoknowwhatyouneeded.Concludefromspecificthingsabove，andourcomplainingismuchmorelikelytobeusefulandeffective：?Usefactsandlogic.?Identifywhohastheabilitytomakeithappen.?__5__Whateveryourcomplainingis，it'llmakeforyourimprovementwhenusedcorrectlyandeffectively.A．Getridofyourbittercomplaints.B．Don'tcomplaintothesamepeople.C．Actually，complaininghasabadreputation.D．Socializewithotherstomakecomplaintsaccessible.E．However，complainingdoesserveasarealpurposeinourlives.F．Theinfluencesofcomplainingarenotnecessarilybeneficialtousall.G．Ourgoalisnottoremovecomplaining，butmakeitmoreusefulandeffective.【語篇解讀】只要我們對被看作消極的埋怨進行完善的話就會有美妙的事情發(fā)生。1．解析：分析語境尋線索：依據(jù)上文“Complainingisoftenlookedatasanegative，butifyouperfectit，greatthingscanhappen”可知，雖然埋怨被認為是不好的，但是假如你對其進行完善的話，其實埋怨也會讓好事發(fā)生；依據(jù)空后的“Expertsinsist...livingthelifeyouwant”可知，專家們認為埋怨是不好的→對比選項定答案：C項指出事實上埋怨的名聲很差，能夠概括本段的主要內容且承上啟下。答案：C2．解析：依據(jù)空后的“Oncewediscoverhowtoeffectivelyintegrateit...achievingacertainresulttendtobehappier”可知，一旦我們發(fā)覺如何有效地整合它，美妙的事情就會發(fā)生。RobinKowalski博士發(fā)覺，那些希望取得某種結果而埋怨的人往往更快樂。由此可推斷出，埋怨在我們的日常生活中的確有一些作用，E項指出埋怨在生活中的確能發(fā)揮真正的作用，符合語境。答案：E3．解析：依據(jù)空前的“Itplaysaveryimportantroleinourlivesandisaskillthatcanbeextremelyeffective”可知，埋怨在生活中的確很重要；依據(jù)下文中的“Soherearesomewaystodealwiththeartofcomplaininginaskillfulway”可知，空后給出了一些奇妙處理埋怨的方法，空處承上啟下，所以空處應當講的是我們要學會正確對待埋怨。G項指出我們的目的不是消退埋怨，而是讓它更有用、更有效，符合語境。答案：G4．解析：分析語境尋線索：依據(jù)空前的“Workoutwhocangiveyouahand”可知，我們要找到能幫助自己的人；依據(jù)空后的“Pickthosewhocanempathizewithyouorhelpwithyourgoal”可知，我們要選擇能夠和自己有同感或幫助自己實現(xiàn)目標的人進行埋怨，空處承上啟下，應當講的是不要始終對相同的人進行埋怨→對比選項定答案：B項指出不要始終對相同的人埋怨，承接上文，引出下文。答案：B5．解析：依據(jù)“Concludefromspecificthingsabove...usefulandeffective”可知，此處是對上文所列的三條奇妙處理埋怨的方法進行一對一總結；依據(jù)上文列出的第3條方法“Makeconnectionswithothers...whatyouneeded”可知空處所填的內容應當與社交有關，D項表示要和別人交往，從而讓埋怨被人理解，符合語境。答案：DTest2(2024·重慶中學學業(yè)質量調研抽測)Therearemanywaystobeastudentleader，whetherit'sthroughthestudentgovernment，academicteams，athleticteams，thearts，orcommunityservice.Ifyouwanttobeagoodleaderinschool，youneedtopracticegoodleadershipqualities.__1__Beagoodcommunicator.__2__Youshouldbeabletoexpressyourselfinaclearwaysothatpeoplearemorelikelytolistentoyou.Beingagoodcommunicatoralsomeanslisteningwell.Agoodleaderwillbewillingtolistentothegroup，andconsiderallopinionswhenmakingdecisions.Haveothershelpwiththework.Youshoulddistributejobsevenlyamonggroupmembers.Everyoneinthegroupwillshoulderpartoftheworkthen.Ifsomeoneisn'tshoulderingtheirshareoftheworkload，privatelydiscussthiswiththem.Inthetalkyoushouldletthemknowyou'rehopingyoucancountonthemtocontributealittlemore.__3__Makefulluseoftheavailableresources.Difficultiesandchallengesareeverywhere.__4__Ifyuodon'tknowtheanswertosomething，ornoticethatsomethingneedstobedonebutyou'renotsurehowtodoityourselves，you'retheonetoconsultyourteachers，coaches，etc，whoareyouravailableresources.__5__Sometimesthewaythingshavebeendoneisoutdatedortheycouldbedoneinabetterway.Youwillbetheonetodecideifacertainruleorpolicyneedstobechanged.Remembertohandleitwithanopenattitude.Ifyou'reabletoadaptanddoyourbesttoworkitout，thenyouhavepartofwhatittakestobeagreatleader!A．Lookbeforeyouleap.B．Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.C．Don'tforgettobeopen-mindedandflexible.D．Learnpublicspeakingskillsandwritingskills.E．Bydoingsoyoucanbringtheteamtogethertoparticipate.F．Thatishowyougainknowledgeaboutbeingagoodleader.G．Agoodleaderknowswhomtoturntowhenhe'sinadifficultsituation.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白一些成為優(yōu)秀領導者的方法。1．解析：依據(jù)上文的“Therearemany...leadershipqualities”可知，有許多方法可以成為學生領袖，無論是通過學生自治會、學術團隊、運動隊、藝術還是社區(qū)服務。假如你想在學校成為一名優(yōu)秀的領導者，你須要熬煉良好的領導素養(yǎng)，再結合下文提出的建議可知，空處承上啟下，B選項“這是給你的一些建議”符合語境。答案：B2．解析：依據(jù)下文的“Youshouldbeable...listentoyou”可知，你應當能夠以一種清楚的方式表達自己，這樣人們才更有可能聽你的。據(jù)此可知，下文提到了清楚表達自己，可見本句內容與講話和寫作技巧有關。故D選項“學習公共演講技巧和寫作技巧”符合語境。答案：D3．解析：分析語境尋線索：依據(jù)本段空前部分的內容可知，本段主要是關于團隊工作的，空前一句提到了“在談話中，你要讓他們知道你希望他們能多做一點貢獻”，空處為本段最終一句，應承接上文，說明這么做的緣由→對比選項定答案：E選項“通過這樣做，你可以讓團隊一起參加”符合語境。答案：E4．解析：依據(jù)下文的“Ifyoudon'tknow...whoareyouravailableresources”可知，假如你不知道某件事的答案，或者留意到某件事須要做，但你不知道自己該怎么做，你可以請教你的老師、教練等人，他們是你可用的資源。據(jù)此可知，下文提到了向老師、教練請教，即遇到困難知道找誰求助。故G選項”一個好的領導在遇到困難的時候知道該向誰求助”符合語境。答案：G5．解析：空處為本段小標題。依據(jù)該段最終兩句“Remembertohandleitwithanopenattitude...thenyouhavepartofwhatittakestobeagreatleader！”可知，下文提到了“openattitude”和“abletoadapt”，C項中的“open-minded”和“flexible”與其相對應。答案：CTest3[2024·廣州大灣區(qū)普高畢業(yè)班聯(lián)合模擬考試(二)]YoushouldknowthatEnglishLiteratureisoneofthefewcoursesintheworldthatcanhelpyoubetterunderstandtheworldaroundyouandfarfromyou.ThebenefitsofstudyingEnglishLiteratureareasfollows.DevelopingtheabilityofcriticalanalysisBeingamasterofEnglishLiteratureallowsyoutobecriticalwhenanalyzingatext.Evenafterlearning，youwillnoticethatyoucriticallyanalyseeverytextyouread，evenwhenitdoesnotdemandit.__1__．Ithelpsyouthinkdeeplyaboutdifferentsituationsanddecisionsbeforemakingthem.CreatingbroaderopportunitiesUnderstandingEnglishLiteraturesuggeststhatyourknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageisatfullcapacitycreatingawiderrangeofopportunitiesforthelearner.__2__．Forexample，thereareoversixty-sevendifferentcountrieswithEnglishastheirlinguafranca(通用語)，whichmeansthatthereareopportunitiesopeninthesecountriesforpeoplewithknowledgeofEnglishLiterature.__3__TheEnglishlanguageismorethanjustthewaywespeakandamannerofcommunicating.Therearein-depthmeaningsastohowthestructuringandpronunciationsintheEnglishlanguagework.InstudyingliteraryEnglish，youaresuretoseethesedeepertechnicalitiessurroundingtheEnglishlanguage，helpingyouunderstandbettertheuseofthelanguage.Improvingtheabilityofbriefwriting__4__．Inlearning，reading，andanalyzing，oneisboundtotakenotestokeepupwiththeiranalysisofatext.Thisactsubconsciously(下意識地)helpstomakeanylearnerofliteraryEnglishabetterwriterthanbeforetheystartedlearning.GettingtoknowhistoricalandculturalknowledgeReadingclassicEnglishLiteratureistheshortestandeasiestwaytolearnbothhistoryandcultureofpeopleandplaces.Youarealwayssurprisedwhenyoufindtheconnectionbetweentherealfactsandthestoryoftheclassicliteratureyouread.__5__A．ExistingeverywhereforalongtimeB．HavingagoodcommandofEnglishC．YoucanusethisskillinotherareasoflifeD．YouarenotlimitedinthechoicesyoumakeE．Amongotherthings，itmakesyouabetterwriterF．Likeeveryotherskill，criticalthinkingtakespracticeG．Itendsupbeingasortofachievementinyourlearning【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學習英語文學帶來的五個好處：發(fā)展批判思維、創(chuàng)建更多機會、駕馭好英語、提高英語寫作實力、獲得文史學問。1．解析：空出為段中句。依據(jù)空格前兩句內容“BeingamasterofEnglishLiteratureallowsyoutobecriticalwhenanalyzingatext.Evenafterlearning，youwillnoticethatyoucriticallyanalyseeverytextyouread，evenwhenitdoesnotdemandit.(作為一名英國文學碩士，你可以在分析一篇文章時持批判看法。即使在學習之后，你也會留意到你批判性地分析了你讀過的每一篇文章，即使它不須要你這樣做)”得知精通EnglishLiterature可以讓人具備批判性思維，空格后一句“Ithelpsyouthinkdeeplyaboutdifferentsituationsanddecisionsbeforemakingthem.(它可以幫助你在做出確定之前深化思索不同的狀況和確定)”提到differentsituationsanddecisions，這與C選項中的inotherareasoflife相匹配。因此推斷C項“你可以在生活的其他領域運用這個技能”符合語境。答案：C2．解析：依據(jù)空格前一段“UnderstandingEnglishLiteraturesuggeststhatyourknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguageisatfullcapacitycreatingawiderrangeofopportunitiesforthelearner.(理解英國文學表明你的英語語言學問是充分發(fā)揮的，為學習者創(chuàng)建了更廣泛的機會)”中的“awiderrangeofopportunities”以及后一句“Forexample，thereareoversixty-sevendifferentcountrieswithEnglishastheirlinguafranca(通用語)，whichmeansthatthereareopportunitiesopeninthesecountriesforpeoplewithknowledgeofEnglishLiterature.(例如，有超過67個不同的國家將英語作為他們的通用語，這意味著在這些國家有機會為具有英國文學學問的人開放)”可知，面對67個英語國家的眾多機會，你所做的選擇并不受限制，因此推斷D項“你所做的選擇不受限制”符合句意。答案：D3．解析：依據(jù)本段內容“TheEnglishlanguageismorethanjustthewaywespeakandamannerofcommunicating.Therearein-depthmeaningsastohowthestructuringandpronunciationsintheEnglishlanguagework.InstudyingliteraryEnglish，youaresuretoseethesedeepertechnicalitiessurroundingtheEnglishlanguage，helpingyouunderstandbettertheuseofthelanguage.(英語不僅僅是我們說話和溝通的方式。英語語言的結構和發(fā)音是如何起作用的，有著深刻的意義。在學習文學英語的過程中，你確定會看到這些圍繞英語語言的更深層次的專業(yè)術語，幫助你更好地理解語言的運用)”可以推斷出該段主要講解并描述學習EnglishLiterature可以幫助人們更好地理解英語這門語言，更好地駕馭英語。因此推斷B項“精通英語”為最近標題。答案：B4．解析：依據(jù)本段的標題“Improvingtheabilityofbriefwriting(提高短文寫作實力)”并結合后文的“Thisactsubconsciously(下意識地)helpstomakeanylearnerofliteraryEnglishabetterwriterthanbeforetheystartedlearning.(這種下意識的行為有助于使任何文學英語學習者成為比他們起先學習之前更好的作家)”可知，學習英語文學有助于我們成為更好的writer，因此E項“除此之外，它會讓你成為一個更好的作家”，符合語境，故選E。答案：E5．解析：結合本段標題“Gettingtoknowhistoricalandculturalknowledge(了解歷史文化學問)”和段中內容“ReadingclassicEnglishLiteratureistheshortestandeasiestwaytolearnbothhistoryandcultureofpeopleandplaces.Youarealwayssurprisedwhenyoufindtheconnectionbetweentherealfactsandthestoryoftheclassicliteratureyouread.(閱讀經典的英國文學是學習人和地方的歷史和文化的最短和最簡潔的方法。當你發(fā)覺真實的事實和你所讀的經典文學故事之間的聯(lián)系時，你總是會感到驚異)”可知，讀文學經典作品可以了解文史學問，進而發(fā)覺真實的事實和你所讀的經典文學故事之間的聯(lián)系，這些都可以看作是“achievement”，因此，G選項“它最終會成為你學習中的一種成就”符合上下句的邏輯關系。答案：GTest4(2024·武漢武昌區(qū)高三質檢)Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit：Wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet，whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplythecoldwindofcriticismtoothers，wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.__1__Perhapsit'sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead，weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction，directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly.It'sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.__2__Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright？Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs：gasstationattendants，waitresses—evenhousewives.__3__Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives，surelysheshouldgethermeasure.__4__Itonlytakesamoment'sthoughtandamoment'seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment，orfiveminutestowriteanappreciativeletter.