PAGEUnit2Naturaldisasters課時分層作業(六)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquakebelts.Thegovernmentisspendingagreatdealofmoneyandisworkinghardtohelptodiscovertheanswerstothesetwoquestions：Canwepredictearthquakes?Canwecontrolearthquakes?Toanswerthefirstquestion，scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault(斷層)systemsinthecountry，suchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia.Afaultisabreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplaceswhereearthquakesoccur.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangeswhichmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccur.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakescorrectly.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.However，therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsinthefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4，000metresbelowthesurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjection(注射)ofwater，therewasasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintotherocksworkedlikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled”thefault，thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasgivenout.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweentheinjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatitmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybig，dangerousearthquakes，thatis，scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall，harmlessearthquakes.【語篇解讀】為了提高人們對地震的防范意識，美國政府加大了在防震、預料方面的投入，他們甚至在努力實行措施限制地震的發生。1．Earthquakesbeltsare________．A．mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccurB．zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakesC.breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurfaceD．thetwolayersofearthalongafaultB[細微環節理解題。依據第一段的第三句可知，地震多發地帶被稱為earthquakebelts。]2．TheSanAndreasfaultis________．A．anactivefaultsystemB．aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedcorrectlyC.aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeencontrolledD．atthefootoftheRockyA[細微環節理解題。依據其次段可知，該地區為地震比較活躍的地區。]3．WhatdidscientistslearnaboutearthquakesattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyoccuratabout4，000metresbelowgroundlevel.B．Theinjectionofwaterintoearthquakefaultspreventsearthquakesfromoccurring.C.Theyareusuallycausedbytheoilinthefaults.D．Harmfulearthquakescouldbepreventedbycausingharmlessearthquakes.D[細微環節理解題。依據最終一段尾句可知選D。]4．WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B.Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.C.Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.D.Nothingistoldabouttheirpracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B[推理推斷題。依據科學家的試驗，通過向斷裂帶注水可以引發小地震，從而使地震的能量得到釋放，因此也就降低了大地震爆發的可能。]BEveryyearthousandsoftouristsvisitPompeii，Italy.TheyseethesightsthatPompeiiisfamousfor，suchasitsstadium，theatres，shopsandrestaurants.Thetouristsdonot，however，seePompeii'speople.TheydonotseethembecausePompeiihasnopeople.NoonehaslivedinPompeiiforalmost2，000years.Once，Pompeiiwasabusycityof22，000people.ItlayatthefootofMountVesuvius，agrass-coveredvolcano.MountVesuviushadnoteruptedforcenturies，sothepeopleofPompeiifeltsafe.Buttheywerenot.InAugustofAD79，MountVesuviuserupted.Theentiretopofthemountainexploded，andahugeblackcloudroseintotheair.SoonstonesandhotvolcanicashbegantofallonPompeii.Whentheeruptionendedtwodayslater，Pompeiiwasburiedunder20feetofstonesandashes.Almostallofitspeopleweredead.Forcenturies，Pompeiilayburiedunderstonesandashes.Then，intheyear1861，anItalianscientistnamedGinseppebegantouncoverPompeii.Slowlyandcarefully，Ginseppeandhismendug.ThecitylookedalmostthesameasithadlookedinAD79.Therewerestreetsandfountains，housesandshops.Therewasastadiumwith20，000seats.Perhapsthemostimportantofallisthattherewereeverydayobjects，whichtellusagreatdealaboutthepeoplewholivedinPompeii.Manyglassesandjarshadsomedarkbluecolourinthebottom，soweknowthatthepeopleofPompeiilikedwine.Theylikedbread，too；metalbreadpanswereineverybakery，andinonebakerytherewere81round，flatloavesofbread—atypeofbreadthatisstillsoldinItalytoday.Tinyboxesfilledwithadark，shinypowdertoldusthatwomenliketoweareye-makeup.Ginseppehasdied，buthisworkcontinues.Onefourthhasnotbeenuncoveredyet.Scientistsarestilldigging，stillmakingdiscoveriesthatdrawtouriststoPompeii.【語篇解讀】本文記敘了位于意大利維蘇威火山山腳的古鎮龐貝在公元79年被火山灰掩埋以及1861年被發掘后，古鎮人文景觀重現于世的故事。5．WhydolargenumbersofpeoplecometoPompeiieachyear?A．Tovisitthevolcano.B．ToseehowPompeianslived.C．Towatchsportsandplays.D．Toshopandeatthere.B[細微環節理解題。依據第一段其次句“TheyseethesightsthatPompeiiisfamousfor，suchasitsstadium，theatres，shopsandrestaurants.”可知，游客來到龐貝古城是為了看過去的龐貝人是如何生活的，因為龐貝城被火山灰掩埋而保持了原有的一切風貌。故選B。]6．WhyhadsomanyPompeiansremainedbyMountVesuvius?A．Thecitynearbyofferedallkindsoffun.B．TheareaproducedthefinestwineinItaly.C．Fewpeopleexpectedthevolcanotoeruptagain.D．Themountainwasbeautifulandcoveredwithgrass.C[細微環節理解題。依據其次段最終三句“ItlayatthefootofMountVesuvius...Buttheywerenot”可知，這座火山很長時間處于休眠狀態，人們沒料到它還會噴發。故選C。]7．WhydidthecityuncoveredlookalmostthesameasithadlookedinAD79?A．BecauseGinseppeandhismendugitslowlyandcarefully.B．Becausescientistssuccessfullyrebuiltthecitywitheverydayobjects.C．Becausethecitywasburiedaliveandremaineduntouched.D．Becausenobodyhadlivedinthecityeversincethevolcanoerupted.C[推理推斷題。由其次段的內容以及第三段的最終兩句“Whentheeruptionendedtwodayslater...weredead.”可知，由于火山突然噴發，人們在毫無打算的狀況下就被安葬了，幾個世紀以來都沒有被破壞，所以保留了當時的全部的情景。故選C。]8．WhatdoweknowaboutthePompeianswholived2，000yearsago?A．Theylikedwomenwearingallkindsofmake-ups.B．TheylivedmoreorlessthesameasItaliansnowdo.C.Theyenjoyedalazylifewithdrinkingandeating.D．TheywentbacktoPompeiiB[細微環節理解題。依據文章第四段的內容可知，古代的龐貝人的生活習慣和現代人差不多一樣。故選B。]Ⅱ.讀后續寫閱讀下面材料，依據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Onefinesummermorning，mymasterMr.Earnshawcamedownthestairs，dressedforajourney；heturnedtohischildrenandme—forIsateatingmyporridgewiththem，andsaid，“Now，I'mgoingtoLiverpooltoday.WhatpresentsshallIbringyou?Youmaychoosewhatyoulike；onlysmallthings，forIshallwalkthereandback，thatisalongtime！”Hindleynamedaviolin.Cathycouldrideanyhorseinthestable，soshechoseawhip(鞭子).Hedidnotforgetme，forhehadakindheart，thoughhewasratherserioussometimes.Hepromisedtobringmeapocketfulofapplesandpears.Thenhesetoff.Thethreedaysofhisabsenceseemedalongwhiletousall.Mrs.Earnshawexpectedhimbysuppertimeonthethirdevening.Sheputoffthemealhourafterhour.Therewerenosignsofhiscoming，however.Abouteleveno'clockthedooropenedandinsteppedMr.Earnshaw.Hethrewhimselfintoachair，forhewasnearlykilled.Hewouldneveragainhaveanothersuchwalkforwhateverreasons.Openinghisgreatcoat，whichheusedtowrap(裹)something，hesaid，“Seehere，honey.Iwasneversotiredliketodayinmylife.Butyoumusttakeitasagiftforus.”Wecrowdedroundhim.AndoverMissCathy'shead，Ihadalookatadirty，ragged，black-hairedchild—bigenoughbothtowalkandtalk.Yet，whenhewassetonhisfeet，hejuststaredaroundandrepeatedwhatnobodycouldunderstand.IwasfrightenedandMrs.Earnshawwasreadytothrowhimoutofdoors.Shedidgetangry，askingwhyhehadbroughtthatGypsy(吉卜賽人)childintothehousewhentheyhadtheirownkidstofeedandlookafter.留意：1．續寫詞數應為150左右；2．請按如下格式作答。Paragraph1：Mr.Earnshawtriedtoexplainthematterthoughhewasreallyhalfdeadwithtiredness._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Well，finallyMrs.Earnshawcalmeddown.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________