Unit4HesaidIwashard-workingGrammarLesson第1頁直接引語變間接引語面面觀一、怎樣變人稱：口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，假如從句中主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中人稱要按照主句中主語人稱改變如：She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said

her

brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with

her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中人稱要跟引號外主句賓語一致。假如引號外主句沒有賓語。也能夠用第一人稱，如：

：

He

said

to

Kate.

"How

is

your

sister

now?”→He

asked

Kate

how

her

sister

was

then。

第2頁“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。假如從句中主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中人稱普通不需要改變如：

Mr

Smith

said,"Jack

is

a

good

boy.“→Mr

Smith

said

Jack

was

a

good

boy.二、怎樣變時態：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態需要做對應調整。

1)普通現在時→普通過去時態；

Shesaid:”Iamastudent.”→

Shesaid(that)shewasastudent.2)普通未來時→過去未來時

She

said,"He

will

go

to

see

his

friend.”→She

said

he

would

go

to

see

his

friend。

Tomsaid,”Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.”→Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow.第3頁二、怎樣變時態：3)現在進行時→過去進行時；

Shesaid,“Iamreadingabook.”→Shesaidshewasreadingabook.

注意：以下幾個情況時態不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

me

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有詳細過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。如：

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.

②直接引語是過去進行時，時態不變。

Jack

said.

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme”

→Jack

saidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim.第4頁④直接引語假如是普通現在時。表示一個重復出現或習慣性動作，變間接引語，時態不變。如：

He

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

→He

said

he

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.⑤假如直接引語中情態動詞沒有過去時形式不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might）

Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

和已經是過去時形式時，例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

toPeter

said.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→Peter

said

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.第5頁三、怎樣變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語改變有其內在規律，時間狀語由“現在”改為“原來”（例：now變為then,

yesterday變為

the

day

before

today變為thatday

Hesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地點狀語，尤其表示方向性，

here變

there

Theteacher

said,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”

→TheteachersaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代詞修飾狀語，由“此”改為“彼”

例：this

改為that

He

said,

"This

books

is

mine.“

→He

said

that

book

was

his.

第6頁四、怎樣變句型：

①直接引語假如是陳說句，間接引語應改為由that引導

賓語從句。

She

said,

"Our

bus

will

arrive

in

five

minutes.“→She

said

that

their

bus

would

arrive

in

five

minutes.

②直接引語假如是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或普通疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導賓語從句.He

said,

"Can

you

swim,

John?“

→He

asked

John

if

he

could

swim.

"Do

you

go

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike?"

→He

asked

me

if

I

went

to

school

by

bus

or

by

bike.③直接引語假如是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳說句語序）。

She

asked

me,

"When

do

they

have

their

dinner?”→

She

asked

me

when

they

had

their

dinner.She

asked

me,

"What

wasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”→She

asked

mewhat

Jackwasdoingwhenshecamein.第7頁④直接引語假如是祈使句，間接引語應改為“Tell(ask,

order,

beg等)

sb

(not)

to

do

sth.“句型

。如：

1."Don't

make

any

noise,"

theteacher

said

to

the

students.

→She

told

(ordered)

the

students

not

to

make

any

noise.

2.“Openthedoor,

please,"

said

she.→She

asked

him

to

openthedoor.⑤直接引語假如是以“Let's”開頭祈使句，變為間接引語時，通慣用“suggest

+動句詞（或從句）”如：

He

said,

"Let's

go

to

the

movies."

→He

suggested

going

to

the

movies.或He

suggested

that

they

should

go

to

see

the

movies.

第8頁練習1.Shesaid:”Iamsixyearsold.”2.Johnsaid:”I’llbebacktomorrow.”3.Katesaid:”IamwatchingTVnow”4.Theboysaid:”IwasbornonApril11th1982”第9頁5.“IjoinedtheLeaguein,”XiaoLisaid.6.“Whyareyoulate?”theteacheraskedtheboy.

7Heaskedme,“Doyoulikeblackteaorgreentea？”

.

8.Hesaid,“pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”

第10頁9Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”

10Kittysaid“I’llcallagainaftersupperthisevening.”

11Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”

12Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”

13“Thechildrenhadbettergotobedearly,”shesaid.

14Paulsaid,“I’mtryingtogetataxi.”

第11頁

15Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?’

16Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent?”

17Hesaidtome,“Pleasecomeagainheretomorrow.”

18Hesaidtome,“Don’tdothatagain.”

19Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?”

20“Wholivesnextdoor?”sheasked.

第12頁

21“Whereistheairport?”heasked.

22.”Whathaveyougotinyourbag?”theyasked.

23“Mary,whenisthenexttrain?”heasked.

24“Whydidyoustopthecar,Tom?”sheasked.

25“Isthereanyonehere?”heasked.

26“DoyouknowMrsGreen?”heaskedme.

27“ShallIwaitforthemorshallIgoon?”themanasked.

28“ShallIlockthecarorleaveitunlocked?”sheasked.

29“Willyoubeheretomorrow?”heaskedme.

30“Wouldyouliketocomeinforadrink?”sheaskedBill.第13頁

31“Couldyougivemeahand?”MrBlackaskedTom.

32“You’llbebacktonight,won’tyou?”mywifeaskedme.

33“Don’tswimouttoofar,children,”mothersaid.

34“Pleaseletmehaveatry.”Janesaidtotheteacher.

35“Dositdown,everybody.”saidthehostess.

36“Pleasedon’ttakeanyrisks,”saidhiswife.

37“Don’tforgettotakeyourpills,”saidmothertoherdaughter.

38“Putdownyourgun,man!”saidtheinspector.

39“Bequiet,girls.”saidtheoldman.

40“Bringyourtextbookwithyoutomorrow,please.”Theteachersaidtoher.

第14頁

41IaskedWangDong“Arethereanyspellingmistakesinmyexercises?”

42Johnaskedher“Canyoumakeoutthewordontheblackboard?’

43Thephysicssaidtotheclass,“Theearthisround.”

44“It’salovelyday,isn’tit?”Sheasked.

45Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”

46“What’sthematterwithyou?”Sheasked.

47Wesaid,“Whataclevermonkeyitis!”

48Hesaid“HowhappyIam!”

49The