UNIT05：CultivateaCriticalThinkingMindset培養(yǎng)批判性思維新時(shí)代職業(yè)英語(yǔ)3目錄CONTENT01Lead-in020304GettingtotheWorkplaceReadingandThinkingWriting0506TipsforWorkingSmart“i+1”ActivitiesLead-inPARTIITickandfigureoutwhetheryouareacriticalthinkerornot.IIRearrangethecriticalthinkingstepsintheworkplace.IIRearrangethecriticalthinkingstepsintheworkplace.IIRearrangethecriticalthinkingstepsintheworkplace.IIRearrangethecriticalthinkingstepsintheworkplace.()

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()2 1 6 7 4 5 3IIIWatchagainanddiscuss.1.Whyiscriticalthinkingimportant?2.Howwillyouimproveyourcriticalthinkinginthefuture?1rational /'r??n?l/ adj.合理的；理性的2inference /'?nf?r?ns/ n.結(jié)論；推斷的結(jié)果3execute /'eks?kju?t/ v.實(shí)施；執(zhí)行GettingtotheWorkplacePARTIIDialogue1WriteaProposalIndependentlyIListentothedialogueandchoosetherightanswer.1.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthesetwospeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Partners.C.Bossandemployee.D.Employeeandcustomer.2.HowdoesMollyfindideasforherproposal?A.Shecopiesthemfromtheinternet.B.Shecopiesthemfromhercolleague.C.Shecomesupwiththemherself.D.Notmentioned.3.WhatwillMollydoaftertalkingwithMr.Gordon?A.Shewillrewritetheproposal.B.Shewillsearchtheinternetforsomegoodideasfortheproposal.C.Shewilllearnhowtoimproveherindependentthinkingability.D.Notmentioned.CAAIIListentothedialogueagainandfillintheblanks.IIListentothedialogueagainandfillintheblanks.(Setting:Mr.GordonisMolly’sboss.Heisaskingquestionsaboutherproposal.)G=Mr.Gordon

M=MollyG:Molly,goodmorning.Haveaseat,please.M:Goodmorning,Mr.Gordon.G:IreadyourproposalandIhavesomequestionsaboutit.M:Yes.Pleasegoahead.G:Didyou_________________theideasforthisproposalyourself?M:Actually,Icollectedsomeinformationandopinionsfromtheinternet______________.G:Butmanyopinionsonthe_____________maynotbesuitableforoursituation.M:I’msorry.ButIdidn’tknowexactlyhowtowriteaproposal.comeupwithforreferenceinternetIIListentothedialogueagainandfillintheblanks.G:Haveyouevertriedtocomeupwithyourownideasforyourproposal?M:Yeah.Butnothingsuitablehascometomind.G:Don’tworry.Whenyouwriteaproposal,firstyoushoulddefineyouraudienceorreaders,thenproposeasolution.M:Thankyouforyouradvice.G:Opinionsontheinternetcanbeuseful.Butindependentthinkingisacriticalskillinmanyoccupations.M:I’msorry,Mr.Gordon.Iwill_________________myproposal.G:Cometomeifyouhaveanyquestions.rewriteDialogue1WriteaProposalIndependentlyNewWordsandPhrases1.proposal /pr?'p??zl/ n.提議；建議2.suitable /'su?t?bl/ adj.合適的；適宜的3.besuitablefor 合適于……的4.cometomind 出現(xiàn)在腦海中；想到5.occupation /??kju'pe??n/ n.工作；職業(yè)Dialogue2ThinkfromMultiplePerspectivesIListentothedialogueandchoosetherightanswer.1.WhydidthebossgetmadatBethtoday?A.Becauseshewaslateforworkagain.B.Becauseheropinionwasone-sided.C.Becauseshesecretlyloweredthepriceoftheirproducts.D.Notmentioned.2.Howdowemakeawiserdecisionwhensolvingaproblem?A.Searchformoreinformationabouttheproblems.B.Paymoreattentiontothesolutionthantheproblemitself.C.Thinkcriticallybeforedecidinghowtosolveaproblem.D.BothAandC.3.Accordingtotheconversation,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Criticalthinkinghelpsusmakewiserdecisions.B.Problemscanbesolvedbetterbythinkingfrommultipleangles.C.Criticalthinkingtakespractice.D.Alloftheabove.BDDIIListentothedialogueagainandfillintheblanks.IIListentothedialogueagainandfillintheblanks.(Setting:SamandBetharetalkingaboutwaystoimprovecriticalthinkingskills.)S=Sam

B=BethS:Beth,isthereanythingbotheringyou?Youdon’tlookveryhappy.B:Iwascriticizedbymybosstoday.Hesaidmyopinionwas________________.S:Whathappened?B:Inthemorningmeeting,mybossaskedmehowtoincreaseoursales,andIsaidwecouldlowerthepriceofourproducts.S:That’sonesolution.So,what’stheproblem?B:Thebosssaidwehadneverloweredthepriceofourproductsbefore.Ifwedidso,itwouldcauseaseriesofotherproblems.S:Youshould___________________beforegivingyouropinion.B:That’swhatthebosssaid.HesuggestedIthinkcriticallybeforedecidinghowtosolveaproblem.one-sideddosomeresearchIIListentothedialogueagainandfillintheblanks.S:Yes.Criticalthinkinghelpsyoumake___________________decisions.B:Youareright.ButhowcanIimprovemycriticalthinkingskills?S:Therearealotofwaystoimproveone’scriticalthinking,suchasgatheringmoreinformationandgetting_____________________beforemakingadecision.B:Soundseasy.Butitcan’tbethateasytoputwhatyousaidintopractice.S:Don’tworry!Likeotherskills,criticalthinking_______________too.Youcanpracticeitatwork.B:OK.Iwillhaveatry.Thankyou.S:Notatall.wiserotherperspectivestakespracticeDialogue2ThinkfromMultiplePerspectivesNewWordsandPhrases1.criticize /'kr?t?sa?z/ v.批評(píng)；批判2.becriticizedbysb. 被某人批評(píng)3.one-sided /?w?n'sa?d?d/ adj.片面的；不公道的4.put...intopractice 實(shí)行；實(shí)施LearntoSing

HowFarI’llGoisasongfromthe3Dcomputer-animatedmusicalfeaturefilmMoanamadebyDisneyin2016.ThesongwasperformedbyAlessiaCara.Itisfulloffreshvitalityandexudes(流露)thepositiveenergyoftheheart.Itimpressedpeoplewithadeeperandrichermessagethatpeopleshouldbebravetopursuewhattheyaspireto.LearntoSingLearntoSingI’vebeenstaringattheedgeofthewaterLongasIcanrememberneverreallyknowingwhyIwishIcouldbetheperfectdaughterButIcomebacktothewaternomatterhowhardItryEveryturnItakeeverytrailItrackEverypathImakeeveryroadleadsbackTotheplaceIknowwhereIcannotgowhereIlongtobeSeethelinewheretheskymeetstheseaitcallsmeAndnooneknowshowfaritgoesIfthewindinmysailontheseastaysbehindmeOnedayI’llknowifIgothere’sjustnotellinghowfarI’llgoLearntoSingIknoweverybodyonthisislandseemssohappyonthisislandEverythingisbydesignIknoweverybodyonthisislandhasaroleonthisislandSomaybeIcanrollwithmineIcanleadwithprideIcanmakeusstrongI’llbesatisfiedifIplayalongButthevoiceinsidesingsadifferentsongWhatiswrongwithmeSeethelightasitshinesontheseait’sblindingButnooneknowshowdeepitgoesAnditseemslikeit’scallingouttomesocomefindmeAndletmeknowwhat’sbeyondthatlinewillIcrossthatline……ReadingandThinkingPARTIII批判性思維：為了未來的明智之舉1批判性思維是一種通過客觀評(píng)估多源信息而做出明智決定的能力。事實(shí)上，能批判性思考的人還具備許多其他的基本技能，包括分析能力、創(chuàng)造力、解決問題的能力和同理心。TextACriticalThinking—MakeBetterDecisionsfortheFuture

Criticalthinkingistheabilitytomakeinformed1

decisionsbyevaluatingseveraldifferentsourcesofinformationobjectively2.Infact,criticalthinkerspossess3

manyotheressentialskills,includinganalysis,creativity,problem-solvingandempathy4.★informed/?n'f??md/adj.明智的；有根據(jù)的

★objectively/?b'd?ekt?v/adv.客觀地

★possess /p?'zes/ v.具有

★empathy /'emp?θi/ n.同理心

2和其他技能一樣，批判性思維也需要練習(xí)。當(dāng)我們遇到問題的時(shí)候，我們需要采取批判性思維思考問題，解決問題。例如，當(dāng)我們看到一則廣告，應(yīng)該停下來，思考一下。廣告拍出來是為了讓人們產(chǎn)生其產(chǎn)品真實(shí)可靠的感覺，既而人們就會(huì)購(gòu)買該產(chǎn)品。但是廣告上說的一定是真的嗎？還是僅僅宣稱如此？又或是只有我們是它的目標(biāo)受眾？批判性思維很重要，它能阻止我們做出不好的選擇。事實(shí)上，只要我們自然而然的對(duì)面前的東西提出質(zhì)疑，就能算得上在練習(xí)批判性思維。TextALikeeveryotherskill,criticalthinkingtakespractice.Whenaproblemcomesourway,weneedtothinkcriticallytodecidehowtosolveit.Whenweseeanadvertisement,forexample,weshouldstopandthink.Advertisementsaremadetomakepeoplefeelcertainthattheyaretrue,andthenpeoplewillbuytheproducts.Butiswhattheadvertisementsaystrue?Isitmakingaclaim5

?Ordoesitonlyinterestus?Criticalthinkingisimportantandstopsusfrommakingpoorchoices.Infact,weareputtingitintopracticeifweaskquestionsnaturallyaboutwhatwesee.★claim/kle?m/n.聲明；宣稱；斷言

3老板們非常看重批判性思維，畢竟，沒有一個(gè)老板愿意一直手把手教導(dǎo)不懂自己判斷的員工。TextAEmployershavealwaysfoundcriticalthinkingextremelyvaluable—afterall,nobosswantstoconstantlyholdtheiremployees’handsbecausethelatterareunabletomaketheirownjudgmentsabouthowbesttoproceed.4請(qǐng)?jiān)囅耄?dāng)你在工作的時(shí)候，有個(gè)人，也許是你的經(jīng)理，交給你一個(gè)問題。你會(huì)馬上著手準(zhǔn)備解決方案。但你會(huì)先退一步分析情況，收集分析大量信息嗎？你會(huì)咨詢每一位相關(guān)人員的意見嗎？你會(huì)決定使用找到的第一個(gè)解決方案，還是花時(shí)間再想些不同的方案，并在最終決定之前對(duì)每個(gè)方案都提前測(cè)試？TextAImagineyouareatwork.Someone,potentiallyyourmanager,presentsyouwithaproblem.Youimmediatelygooffandstartlookingforsolutions.Butdoyoutakeastepbackfirsttoanalyzethesituation,gatherandreviewasmuchinformationaspossible?Doyouaskeachofthedifferentpeopleinvolvedwhattheiropinionis?Anddoyoudecidetorunwiththefirstsolutionyoufindortakethetimetocomeupwithmanydifferentoptionsandtesteachonebeforemakingyourfinaljudgment?5請(qǐng)?jiān)囅耄趹?zhàn)略頭腦風(fēng)暴會(huì)議上，有人提出了一種為銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)潛在客戶的新方法。而那些抗拒改變的人可能會(huì)反對(duì)說:“我們一直都是通過電話銷售，而且效果也不錯(cuò)，為什么還要改呢？”6懂得批判性思考問題的人不會(huì)不經(jīng)考慮就否定一個(gè)新想法，而是會(huì)尋找更多的相關(guān)信息。為什么這是個(gè)好主意？是否有數(shù)據(jù)支持改變策略可以提高銷量？可以用什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量其結(jié)果?TextAImaginethatduringastrategybrainstorming6

meetingsomeonesuggestsanewwayofgeneratingleadsforthesalesteam.Peoplewhoareresistant7

tochangemayobjectandsay“We’vealwaysdonecold-calling8

andhadsuccess.Whydowechangeitnow?”Insteadofshootingdownanewideawithoutgivingitanythought,acriticalthinkerwouldseekoutmoreinformation.Whyisthisagoodidea?Istheredatathatshowsadifferentmethodcouldincreasesales?Whatmetrics9

canbeusedtomeasure10

results?★brainstorming/'bre?nst??m??/n.集思廣益；頭腦風(fēng)暴

★resistant/r?'z?st?nt/adj.抗拒的；有抵抗力的

★cold-calling/k?uld'k??l??/

推銷商品的電話；無約電話；冷不防上門推銷

★metric/'metr?k/n.度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

★measure/'me??(r)/v.估量；判定（重要性、價(jià)值或影響等）

7所有這些行為的核心技能都是批判性思維，批判性思維即意味著可以分析大量信息并得出結(jié)論，為未來的發(fā)展做出更好的決定。8批判性思維能力對(duì)所有行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)都至關(guān)重要。當(dāng)今世界瞬息萬變，企業(yè)需要那些能夠適應(yīng)新環(huán)境并將自己的思維方式運(yùn)用到新環(huán)境中的人。無論你職業(yè)生涯中取得了什么成就，都需要批判性思維能力來高效地完成日常任務(wù)。批判性思維能力對(duì)職場(chǎng)中的競(jìng)升也至關(guān)重要。TextAThecoreskillinalloftheseactivitiesiscriticalthinking—beingabletoanalyzealargeamountofinformationanddrawconclusions11

tomakebetterdecisionsforthefuture.Criticalthinkingskillsareincrediblyimportanttoorganizationsacrossallindustries.Intoday’sconstantlychangingworld,businessesneedpeoplewhocanadaptandapplytheirthinkingtonewsituations.Nomatterwhereyouareatinyourcareer,youneedcriticalthinkingskillstocompleteyoureverydaytaskseffectively.Andwhenitcomestogettingyournextpromotion,theyarevital.(430words)★conclusion/k?n'klu??n/n.結(jié)論；推論

TextA：CriticalThinking—MakeBetterDecisionsfortheFutureTextA：DetailedStudy1

Criticalthinkingistheabilitytomakeinformeddecisionsbyevaluatingseveraldifferentsourcesofinformationobjectively.(Para.1)theabilityto

……的能力e.g. Bothofthemhadtheabilitytopresentcomplexmatterslucidly.他們兩個(gè)人都曾具備把復(fù)雜的事情清晰明了地表達(dá)出來的能力informed /?n'f??md/ adj.

明智的；有根據(jù)的e.g.Weaimtohelpstudentsmakemoreinformedcareerchoices.我們旨在幫助學(xué)生作出更有依據(jù)的職業(yè)抉擇。Knowledgeextensioninformed同根詞

inform v.

通知，告知information n.

信息，資料，知識(shí)objectively /?b?d?ekt?vli/ adv.

客觀地e.g.Writingdownyourprogressallowsyoutoobjectivelyevaluateyourwork.記錄下自己的進(jìn)度可以讓你客觀地評(píng)估你的工作。TextA：DetailedStudy2 Employershavealwaysfoundcriticalthinkingextremelyvaluable—afterall,nobosswantstoconstantlyholdtheiremployees’handsbecausethelatterareunabletomaketheirownjudgmentsabouthowbesttoproceed.(Para.3)valuable /?v?lju?bl/ adj.

寶貴的，貴重的e.g. Hegainedvaluableexperiencewhilstworkingontheproject.從事這項(xiàng)工程使他獲得了寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。afterall

畢竟e.g. Hecouldnot,afterall,stopalltheevilintheworld.他畢竟不能阻止世上所有的惡行。TextA：DetailedStudy3

Imaginethatduringastrategybrainstormingmeetingsomeonesuggestsanewwayofgeneratingleadsforthesalesteam.(Para.5)brainstorming /?bre?nst??m??/ n. 頭腦風(fēng)暴e.g.Brainstormingisagoodwayofgeneratingideas.

頭腦風(fēng)暴是激發(fā)創(chuàng)意的好辦法generateleads

開發(fā)潛在客戶e.g. Salesdepartmentneedstoknowabouthowtogeneratingleadsfromsocialmedia. 銷售部需要了解如何利用社交媒體來開發(fā)潛在客戶。TextA：DetailedStudy4 Peoplewhoareresistanttochangemayobjectandsay“We’vealwaysdonecold-callingandhadsuccess.Whydowechangeitnow?”.(Para.5)resistant /r??z?st?nt/ adj.

抗拒的；有抵抗力的be~tosth. 抗拒某事，抵制……e.g. Elderlypeoplearenotalwaysresistanttochange. 上了年紀(jì)的人并不總是抵制變革。cold-calling /k?uld'k??l??/

n.

推銷商品的電話；無約電話；冷不防上門推銷e.g. Coldcallingistheskillofmakingasalescalltosomeonewhoisnotexpectingyou.“無約電話”就是給那些沒想到會(huì)接你電話的人打銷售電話。TextA：DetailedStudy5 Insteadofshootingdownanewideawithoutgivingitanythought,acriticalthinkerwouldseekoutmoreinformation.(Para.6)shootdown

否決，駁倒；擊落e.g. Theworkershootdownthemanager’sideaofshortervacation.工人們駁倒了經(jīng)理縮短假期的主意。seekout

找出，搜出e.g. Childrenseekoutregularitiesandrulesinacquiringlanguage. 兒童在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言過程中會(huì)找出各種規(guī)律和規(guī)則。TextA：DetailedStudy6 Thecoreskillinalloftheseactivitiesiscriticalthinking—beingabletoanalyzealargeamountofinformationanddrawconclusionstomakebetterdecisionsforthefuture.(Para.7)alargeamountof

大量的（后跟不可數(shù)名詞）e.g. Thegangfinallyfledwithalargeamountofcashandjewellery. 那幫歹徒最終帶著大量的現(xiàn)金和珠寶逃走了。drawconclusions

得出結(jié)論e.g. Itistooearlytodrawconclusionsfromthisdata. 僅憑這一數(shù)據(jù)就得出結(jié)論尚為時(shí)過早。TextA：DetailedStudy7

Nomatterwhereyouareatinyourcareer,youneedcriticalthinkingskillstocompleteyoureverydaytaskseffectively.(Para.8)launch /k?uld'k??l??/ v.

發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起；發(fā)射e.g. Welaunchabigadvertisingcampaigntopromoteournewtoothpaste. 我們發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大的廣告宣傳攻勢(shì)來推銷我們的新型牙膏。promotion /pr??m???n/ n.

推廣；促銷e.g. Wewereresponsibleforitspromotionandorganization.TextA：NewWords1.informed /?n'f??md/ adj.明智的；有根據(jù)的2.objectively /?b'd?ekt?v/ adv.客觀地3.possess /p?'zes/ v.具有4.empathy /'emp?θi/ n.同理心5.claim /kle?m/ n.聲明；宣稱；斷言6.brainstorming /'bre?nst??m??/n.集思廣益；頭腦風(fēng)暴7.resistant /r?'z?st?nt/ adj.抗拒的；有抵抗力的8.cold-calling/k?uld'k??l??/推銷商品的電話；無約電話；冷不防上門推銷9.metric /'metr?k/ n.度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)10.measure /'me??(r)/ v.估量；判定（重要性、價(jià)值或影響等）11.conclusion /k?n'klu??n/ n.結(jié)論；推論TextA：PhrasesandExpressions1.comeone’sway 發(fā)生在某人身上；被某人碰到2.stopsb.(from)doingsth. 阻止某人做某事3.presentsb.withsth. 將……呈現(xiàn)給某人4.comeupwith 想出；提出5.beresistantto 抗拒……的；反對(duì)……6.shootdown 否決；駁倒；徹底推翻（觀點(diǎn)、意見等）7.drawconclusion 下結(jié)論；得出結(jié)論8.applysth.to 把……運(yùn)用到……上TextA：Notes1.Butiswhattheadvertisementsaystrue?“whattheadvertisementsays”為what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；主句為一般疑問句語(yǔ)序。2.Doyouaskeachofthedifferentpeopleinvolvedwhattheiropinionis?involved為形容詞，意思是“有關(guān)聯(lián)的；參與的”，在句中作后置定語(yǔ)修飾people；“whattheiropinionis”為what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作ask的直接賓語(yǔ)。3.Istheredatathatshowsadifferentmethodcouldincreasesales?“thatshowsadifferentmethodcouldincreasesales”為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞data；“adifferentmethodcouldincreasesales”為省略了引導(dǎo)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，作shows的賓語(yǔ)。TextA：Notes4.Nomatterwhereyouareatinyourcareer,youneedcriticalthinkingskillstocompleteyoureverydaytaskseffectively.“nomatter+疑問詞”的意思是“不管……；無論……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。5.Andwhenitcomestogettingyournextpromotion,theyarevital.“whenitcomesto...”的意思是“談到……；涉及……”，為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Exercises：ReadTextAandcompletethefollowingtable.PartsParagraphsMainIdeasPart1Part2Part31Themeaningofcriticalthinkingandessentialskillscriticalthinkerspossess.2-7Criticalthinkingtakespracticeinlifeandwork.8Theimportanceofcriticalthinkingskills.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatskillsdocriticalthinkerspossess?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whyiscriticalthinkingimportant?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercises：IIAnswerthefollowingquestionsandthendiscusswithyourpartner.Accordingtothepassage,criticalthinkerspossessanalysis,creativity,problem-solving,andempathyskills.Becauseitcanhelppeopletakechargeoftheirprofessionalandpersonallifebetter.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Exercises：

IIIRewriteTextAwithnomorethan80words.informed

objectively

possess

resistant

conclusion

promotionExercises：

IVFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.1.Differentworkers________________differentskills.2.Elderlypeoplearenotalways________________tochange.3.Sheworkedhardandwassoon________________.4.Weaimtohelpstudentsmakemore________________careerchoices.5.Themanager________________describedtheperson’sperformancebutsaidnothingfurther.6.I’vecometothe________________thathe’snottherightpersonforthejob.possessresistantpromotedinformedobjectivelyconclusionExercises：VLearntheaffixesandfillintheblankswiththeproperwords.Exercises：VLearntheaffixesandfillintheblankswiththeproperwords.exciting令人激動(dòng)的amazing令人大為驚奇的surprising令人吃驚的washable可洗的bearable可忍受的exchangeable可交換的ReadandRecite1.分析性思維 analyticalthinking2.自我分析 self-analysis3.人云亦云 toparrotwhatotherssay4.各抒己見 expressone’sownopinions5.永遠(yuǎn)不要低估你改變自我的能力！Neverunderestimateyourpowertochangeyourself!6.透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。

Seethroughtheappearancetoperceivetheessence.四步提高批判性思維我們每天都要做出海量的選擇，不可能每一次的選擇都是完美的。但是有很多方法可以幫助我們提高做出完美選擇的幾率，其中一種特別有效的方法是批判性思維。批判性思維是一種處理問題的方式，可以幫助我們仔細(xì)地解構(gòu)問題，揭示深層的偏見或受操縱等問題，并做出最佳決策。★stretch /stret?/ v.延伸TextBFourTipsforImprovingYourCriticalThinking

Everyday,aseaofdecisionsstretches1

beforeus,anditisimpossibletomakeaperfectchoiceeverytime.Buttherearemanywaystoimproveourchances—andoneparticularlyeffectivetechniqueiscriticalthinking.Thisisawayofapproachingaquestionthatallowsustocarefullydeconstruct2

asituation,revealitshiddenissues,suchasbiasandmanipulation3

,andmakethebestdecision.Thereisafour-stepprocessthatmayhelpyouwithanynumberofproblems.

★deconstruct/?di?k?n'str?kt/v.解構(gòu)；拆析

★manipulation/m??n?pj?'le??n/ n.（熟練的）操作；控制

1 提出問題這一步并不像聽起來那么容易。例如，如果你正在決定是否要嘗試時(shí)下流行的節(jié)食熱潮，那么你可以試著通過分析你節(jié)食的目的所在來清晰看待這一情況。是為了減肥，為了營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡，還是為了精神更加充沛。這樣做可以使你批判性的篩選信息，找到自己需要的信息，并依此判斷這一新潮流是不是你想要的。★formulate/'f??mjule?t/ v.確切表達(dá)；認(rèn)真闡述TextB1.Formulate4

yourquestionThisisnotalwaysasstraightforwardasitsounds.Forexample,ifyouaredecidingwhethertotryoutthenewestdietcraze5

,trytoapproachthesituationwithaclearviewofwhatyouareactuallytryingtoaccomplishbydieting,whetherthatisweightloss,betternutrition6

,orhavingmoreenergy.Thatwillequip7

youtosift8

throughtheinformationcritically,findwhatyouarelookingfor,anddecidewhetherthenewfad9

reallysuitsyourneeds.

★craze/kre?z/n.狂熱；風(fēng)行一時(shí)的東西

★nutrition/nju'tr??n/n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)

★equip/?'kw?p/v.使有能力；使有所準(zhǔn)備

★sift/s?ft/v.細(xì)查；詳審

★fad/f?d/n.一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚；短暫的狂熱

2 收集信息信息收集有助于你權(quán)衡不同的選擇，做出更有助于目標(biāo)達(dá)成的選擇。例如，如果你想通過節(jié)食來改善營(yíng)養(yǎng)，你可以向?qū)＜艺髑笠庖姡蛘邔で笃渌说慕?jīng)驗(yàn)。3 考慮后續(xù)影響請(qǐng)?jiān)囅耄绻蛢r(jià)格下降會(huì)怎么樣？乍一看，這似乎是件好事，但是會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成什么長(zhǎng)期影響呢？如果使用汽油不再需要較高的成本，則有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致空氣污染激增，這一意外后果也需要著重考慮。★weigh/we?/v.認(rèn)真考慮；權(quán)衡TextB2.GatheryourinformationInformationgatheringhelpsyouweigh10

differentoptions,movingyouclosertoadecisionthatmeetsyourgoal.Forexample,ifyouaretryingtodecideonadiettoimproveyournutrition,youmayaskanexpertfortheiradvice,orseekotherpeople’stestimonies11.3.Considertheimplications12Imaginethatgasolinehascomedowninprice.Atfirstglance,thatseemsgreat.Butwhataboutthelong-termenvironmentaleffects?Ifgasolineuseislessrestricted13

bycost,thiscouldalsocauseahugesurge14

inairpollution,anunintendedconsequencethatisimportanttothinkabout.

★testimony/'test?m?ni/n.證詞；證言

★implication/??mpl?'ke??n/ n.可能的影響（或作用、結(jié)果）

★restricted/r?'str?kt?d/ adj.受制約的；受控制的

★surge/s??d?/n.（數(shù)量的）急劇上升；激增

4 研究其他觀點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)?jiān)噯栕约阂粋€(gè)問題，為什么這么多人會(huì)被競(jìng)品公司的政策所吸引。即使你不同意他們口中的每一句話，但是通過全方位的觀點(diǎn)研究一下或許能夠找到答案，解釋為何有些政策在你看來并不有效，但能吸引其他人。這一步通過指導(dǎo)你研究其他方案，多方位評(píng)估自己的選擇，最終幫助你做出更明智的決定。★spectrum/'spektr?m/n.范圍；各層次TextB4.ExploreotherpointsofviewAskyourselfwhysomanypeoplearedrawntothepoliciesoftheopposingcompany.Evenifyoudisagreewitheverythingthattheysay,exploringthefullspectrum15

ofviewpointsmightexplainwhysomepoliciesthatdonotseemvalid16toyouappeal17toothers.Thiswillallowyoutoexplorealternatives18

,evaluateyourownchoices,andultimatelyhelpyoumakemoreinformeddecisions.

★valid/'v?l?d/adj.符合邏輯的；合理的；有根據(jù)的

★appeal/?'pi?l/v.有吸引力；引起興趣

★alternative/??l't??n?t?v/n.可供選擇的事物

這四點(diǎn)步驟構(gòu)成的流程僅僅是工具，不可能根除生活中的所有困難決定，但可以幫助我們做出更多的正面決策。批判性思維可以給我們提供工具，讓我們?cè)诤Ａ啃畔⒅泻Y選出我們想要的部分。如有足夠多的人擁有批判性思維，那么世界也會(huì)變得更加合理。★eradicate /?'r?d?ke?t/v.根除；杜絕TextBThisfour-stepprocessisjustonetool,anditcertainlywillnoteradicate19

difficultdecisionsfromourlives.Butitcanhelpusincreasethenumberofpositivechoiceswemake.Criticalthinkingcangiveusthetoolstosiftthroughaseaofinformationandfindwhatwearelookingfor.Andifenoughofususeit,ithasthepowertomaketheworldamorereasonableplace.(395words)

TextB：DetailedStudy1

Everyday,aseaofdecisionsstretchesbeforeus,anditisimpossibletomakeaperfectchoiceeverytime.(Para.1)aseaof

大量的，海量的e.g.Thesquarewasaseaofpeople.廣場(chǎng)上人山人海。stretch /stret?/ v. 延伸e.g.Hergardenstretchesdowntothewaterside. 她的花園一直延伸到河畔。Itisimpossibleto

……是不可能的e.g. Itisimpossibletopredictwhatwillhappen. 預(yù)知未來的事是不可能的。TextB：DetailedStudy2 Thisisawayofapproachingaquestionthatallowsustocarefullydeconstructasituation,revealitshiddenissues,suchasbiasandmanipulation,andmakethebestdecision.(Para.4)approachaquestion

處理問題e.g.Scientistshavetriedtoapproachthequestioninamoresystematicway.科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D用一種更系統(tǒng)的方法來解決這個(gè)問題。deconstruct /?di?k?n'str?kt/ v. 解構(gòu)；拆析e.g.Shesetsupaframeworktodeconstructvariouscategoriesoffilm. 她創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)框架來解析影視的各種分類。hidden /h?d(?)n/ adj. 潛在的，不易察覺的e.g.Asyoudescend,suddenlyyouseeatlastthehiddenwaterfall.

你往下走，最終會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)隱秘的瀑布。manipulation /m??n?pju?le??n/ n. （熟練的）操作；控制e.g.Richvisualfeedbackisthekeytosuccessfulmanipulation. 豐富的視覺交互是操作成功的關(guān)鍵.TextB：DetailedStudy3 Forexample,ifyouaredecidingwhethertotryoutthenewestdietcraze,trytoapproachthesituationwithaclearviewofwhatyouareactuallytryingtoaccomplishbydieting,whetherthatisweightloss,betternutrition,orhavingmoreenergy.(Para.3)craze /kre?z/ n. 狂熱，風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的事物e.g. BandsfromLondonintroducedthecrazeforthiskindofmusic.倫敦的樂隊(duì)引發(fā)了對(duì)這種音樂的狂熱。aclearviewof

清醒地看待……e.g.Thefirststepistohaveaclearviewofoneself. 首要的任務(wù)是清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)自我。accomplish /??k?mpl??/ v.

完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)e.g. Wewillmanagetoaccomplishthetaskintimeeventhoughitisdifficult.縱然任務(wù)艱巨，我們也要及時(shí)完成。nutrition /nju'tr??n/ n. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)e.g. Abalanceddietcanprovideenoughnutritionforyourbody.均衡飲食能夠給身體提供足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。TextB：DetailedStudy4 Thatwillequipyoutosiftthroughtheinformationcritically,findwhatyouarelookingfor,anddecidewhetherthenewfadreallysuitsyourneeds.(Para.4)siftthrough

篩選e.g.Isuggestweskiptothelastitemontheagenda.我建議我們跳到議程的最后一項(xiàng)。fad /f?d/ n.

一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚；短暫的狂熱e.g.Theafternoonteafadistricklingdown.下午茶的風(fēng)尚正在慢慢擴(kuò)散。TextB：DetailedStudy5 Ifgasolineuseislessrestrictedbycost,thiscouldalsocauseahugesurgeinairpollution,anunintendedconsequencethatisimportanttothinkabout.(Para.4)restricted /r??str?kt?d/ adj.

受制約的，受控制的e.g.Speedisrestrictedto30mphintowns. 在城里車速不得超過每小時(shí)30英里。be~by 受……制約；被……限制

e.g. Anyofaperson’slife,shouldberestrictedbycertainregulations.任何人的生活，都應(yīng)當(dāng)受一定法規(guī)的制約。surge /s??d?/ n.

激增；（數(shù)量上）急劇上升e.g.Shefeltasuddensurgeofanger. 她突然感覺怒火中燒。airpollution 空氣污染e.g. Airpollutioncallforourspecialconcern. 空氣污染問題需要我們的特別關(guān)注。TextB：DetailedStudy6 Evenifyoudisagreewitheverythingthattheysay,exploringthefullspectrumofviewpointsmightexplainwhysomepoliciesthatdonotseemvalidtoyouappealtoothers.(Para.9)disagreewith

不同意；不贊成e.g. IrespectthepresidentbutIdisagreewithhisdecision.我尊重總統(tǒng)，但我不贊成他的決定。spectrum /?spektr?m/ n.

范圍；各層次e.g. Thesurveycoveredabroadspectrumoftopics. 這本簡(jiǎn)史涉及的話題范圍很廣.TextB：NewWords1.stretch /stret?/ v.延伸2.deconstruct /?di?k?n'str?kt/ v.