一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意1．desertn． 沙漠，荒原2．portern. 行李搬運(yùn)工3．luggagen. 行李4．maximumadj. 最大的，最多的5．footprintn. 腳印，足跡6．exactlyadv. 確切地，精確地7．travellern. 旅行者，旅客8．goodsn. 商品，物品，貨物9．wealthyadj. 富有的，富裕的10．a(chǎn)uthorn. 作者11．professorn. 教授12．a(chǎn)mbitionn. 志向，抱負(fù)13．cheerfuladj. 愉快的，高興的14．distantadj. 遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的15．staffn. 員工，全體工作人員Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫(xiě)其形1．a(chǎn)dventuren. 奇遇，冒險(xiǎn)的經(jīng)歷2．extraadj. 特別的；額外的3．optionaladj. 可選擇的，非強(qiáng)制的4．a(chǎn)cmodationn. 住所，住處5．riskvt. 冒……的危險(xiǎn)6．flowvi. 流動(dòng)，涌出7．equipmentn. 配備，設(shè)備8．quantityn. 量，數(shù)量9．shockvt. 震驚，驚駭10．goaln. 目的；目標(biāo)11．functionvi. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；發(fā)揮作用12．a(chǎn)imn. 目標(biāo)；目的13．transportn. 運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送14．sheltern. 遮蔽，庇護(hù)所15．limitn. 邊界；限度Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變1．majoradj.較重要的；較嚴(yán)重的n.專業(yè)課→majorityn．大多數(shù)2．tiringadj.令人疲勞的→tiredadj.疲倦的，厭倦的→tirevt.使疲倦；使疲勞3．unfortableadj.不舒服的，不自在的→fortableadj.舒服的→fortn．&vt.安慰4．differvi.不同于，有區(qū)別→differencen.不同之處→differentadj.不同的5．a(chǎn)nxiousadj.憂慮的，擔(dān)心的→anxiouslyadv.憂慮地，焦慮地→anxietyn.焦慮，不安6．extremeadj.極度的，極端的→extremelyadv.極其地，極端地7．similarityn.相似性，類似性→similaradj.相似的→similarlyadv.類似地8．excitementn.興奮，激動(dòng)→excitedadj.激動(dòng)的，興奮的→excitingadj.令人興奮的9．variousadj.不同的，各種各樣的→varietyn.品種；種類；變化→varyvi.變化10．preferencen.較喜歡的東西，偏愛(ài)→preferv.喜愛(ài)11．a(chǎn)mazevt.使驚愕(驚奇)→amazedadj.驚愕的，吃驚的→amazingadj.令人驚異的→amazementn.吃驚，驚愕12．confusevt.使困惑→confusedadj.困惑的→confusingadj.令人困惑的→confusionn.混亂；困惑13．preparationn.準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備→preparevt.準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)備→preparedadj.準(zhǔn)備好的14．patiencen.耐心；忍耐力→patientadj.耐心的n.病人→patientlyadv.耐心地15．observevt.觀察，觀測(cè)→observationn.觀察16．disadvantagen.不利，不利條件→advantagen.有利條件，長(zhǎng)處1.由quantity想到的①several 幾個(gè)②couple 一對(duì)③score 二十④dozen 十二個(gè)⑤numerous 許多的⑥none 沒(méi)有⑦h(yuǎn)undred 一百⑧million 百萬(wàn)⑨billion 十億⑩trillion 萬(wàn)億2.“看”遍天下①notice 注意到，留心②observe 觀察③watch 觀看，關(guān)注④stare(at) 凝視，盯著看⑤glance(at) 匆匆看一眼；瞥⑥glare(at) 怒視；瞪⑦witness 經(jīng)歷，見(jiàn)證⑧l(xiāng)ook(at) 看⑨gaze 凝視⑩glimpse 一瞥3.今兒個(gè)真“高興”①cheerful②happy③glad④pleased⑤delighted⑥joyful⑦merry⑧nice⑨pleasant⑩agreeable(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活1．take__off 起飛2．in__order__to__do__something 目的是，以便3．upside__down 顛倒地，倒置地4．turn__up 出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)5．back__out 決定不履行(允諾的事)6．get__across 使理解(某事)7．in__turn 輪流8．break__out (壞事)突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)9．o__prison 把……關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄10．stand__by 堅(jiān)持(某種說(shuō)法)11．on__one’s__way 在途中12．break__down 損壞，不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)13．run__out__of 用完，耗盡14．carry__on 繼續(xù)做某事1.“動(dòng)詞＋across”一覽①eacross (偶然)遇見(jiàn)②cutacross 抄近路；打斷③goacross 橫穿；走過(guò)④runacross 遇到；跑著穿過(guò)⑤getacross 使理解(某事)2.“stand”短語(yǔ)面面觀①standout 突出；顯眼；引人注目②standfor 代表；象征；容忍；主張③standby 袖手旁觀；堅(jiān)持；支持；遵守④standup 站起來(lái)⑤standupfor 支持；維護(hù)3.run短語(yǔ)一覽①runinto 偶然遇見(jiàn)；撞上②runafter 追趕；追求③runout 被用完，用光④runoutof 用完，用盡⑤runfor 競(jìng)選(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：too...to...太……而不能……Althoughpeopleenjoyedreadinghisbook，manyofthemthoughtthatMarco’sstoriesaboutChinaweretoofantastictobetrue.盡管人們喜歡讀他的書(shū)，但是很多人認(rèn)為馬可講的關(guān)于中國(guó)的故事太離奇了，令人難以置信。句型2：表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞位于句首，句子用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序Then__camethetotaldarknessofthepolarwinter.接著漆黑的極地冬夜開(kāi)始了。句型3：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難ThenexttogowasCaptainOates，whowashaving__great__difficulty__walking．接下來(lái)離開(kāi)的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出該詞的適當(dāng)形式1．Allkindsofgoodsarebeingtransported(運(yùn)輸)toalotofcountrieseveryday.2．ShewenttoLondonwiththeaim(目標(biāo))offindingajob.3．(北京卷)Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks(風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.4．Thedataislimitedintermsofbothqualityandquantity(數(shù)量)．5．Theymade30days’acmodations(膳宿)forusintheactivityduringthesummerholiday.6．Weshouldputawayourdifferences(differ)andworktogetherforourmongoal.7．Mostofuscouldhardlycontainourexcitement(excite)whenhearingthatourteamwon.8．Makesureyoursleepenvironmentisquiet,dark,cool,andfortable(fort)．9．Thesimilarity(similar)betweenthetwostoriessuggestsLowrywrotethemboth.10．Themajority(major)ofmypatientsetomefromoutoftown.Ⅱ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Myfatherissogoodadoctorthatheisalwayspatientwithhispatientsandhealsohaspatiencewithus.Hetreatsusverypatiently．(patient)2．Wewereamazedathisamazingperformance，andotherpeoplewerealsolookingathiminamazement．(amaze)3．Thegoodsinthisshopvaryfromseasontoseason.Inwinter,therearevariouskindsofcoatswhileinsummerthereareavarietyofskirts.(vary)4．Fromherconfusedlook,Iknewthattheconfusingspeechmadeherconfused．(confuse)5．Itwasananxiousmomentforusthatday.Wewerewaitinganxiouslyatthegatefortheresultofthematch.Nexttousweresomegirlswatchinguswithanxiety．(anxious)Ⅲ.選詞成篇inorderto;onone’swayto;takeoff;standby;getacross1．In__order__toexperienceSoutheastAsianculture,WeiHuaandWeiTongdecidetotaketheplanewhich2.takes__offonSundaytoThailand.Bothofthem3.stand__bytheiropinions,butfirsttheymust4.get__acrosstheirideastotheirparents.Sotheytrytopersuadetheirparentstoletthemdoit.5.On__their__way__toThailand,theywillmeettheirfriend,Tom.Withhishelp,theywillhavenodifficultyinmunicatingwiththelocalpeople.turnup;breakdown;runoutof;carryon;inturnLastweekwejoinedasummercamp.Wedrovetothesummercampalltheway6.in__turn．Unluckily,onthewayourcar7.broke__downandwhatwasworse,we8.ran__out__ofoil.Fortunately,afterawhileanothercar9.turned__upanditwasawarm-hearteddriverthatofferedussomefuelandhelpedusfixourcar.Finally,wecan10.carry__onourjourney.Ⅳ.完成句子1．這條街太窄，大型貨車不能通過(guò)。Theroadistoo__narrow__toallowthepassageoftrucks.2．門(mén)突然開(kāi)了，沖出來(lái)一個(gè)高個(gè)子男孩。Suddenlythedoorwasopened,andoutrushed__a__tall__boy．3．(北京卷)她很難保持注意力集中。Shehad__more__difficulty__(in)__keepingfocused.differvi.不同，有區(qū)別[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(北京卷)Becauseacollegemunity(群體)differs(differ)fromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.②a.Thetwinsaresoalike.It’sdifficulttotellthedifference(differ)betweenthem.b．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently(different)．③BritishEnglishdiffersobviouslyfromAmericanEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.④Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently(different)．[能力提升]——完成句子⑤只有我們言行一致才能對(duì)我們希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的任何事情有影響。Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscan__we__make__a__difference__inwhateverwehopetoacplish.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)differfrom...in... 與……在……方面不一樣(2)differencen. 不同；區(qū)別makeadifference 有影響；使不相同tellthedifferencebetween...and... 區(qū)分……與……的差別(3)differentadj. 不同的；相異的bedifferentfrom...in... 在……方面不同(4)differentlyadv. 不同地[名師點(diǎn)津]不同和相同：不同：differ,bedifferent,vary相同，相似：bethesame,besimilar/alikeanxiousadj.憂慮的，焦急的；掛念的；渴望的，急切的；不安的[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2019·天津卷)Shewasanxiousto__know(know)whathadhappened.②a.(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious)IwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.b．(北京卷)Anxious(anxiety)allthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.③Ifyouareworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyouranxiety(anxious)withyourdoctor.④ChildrenalwaysseemtobeanxiousfortheChildren’sDaytoe.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)我非常擔(dān)心即將到來(lái)的考試，以至于晚上都睡不著覺(jué)。⑤(普通表達(dá))I’mso__anxious__about__the__ing__exam__thatIcanhardlyfallasleepatnight.⑥(高級(jí)表達(dá))Anxious__about__the__ing__exam,__Icanhardlyfallasleepatnight.(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))eq\a\vs4\al()(1)beanxiousfor/aboutsth. 為某事?lián)?憂慮)beanxious(forsb.)todosth. 渴望(某人)做某事(2)anxietyn. 焦慮，憂慮，擔(dān)心withanxiety 焦慮地(3)anxiouslyadv. 焦急地，憂慮地；渴望地[佳句背誦]Someofuswereconfidentandeagertotakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.我們有些同學(xué)很自信，渴望參加課堂活動(dòng)，另一些同學(xué)則緊張不安。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)[名師點(diǎn)津]表示渴望(做)某事的常用短語(yǔ)還有l(wèi)ongtodosth./forsth.；desiretodosth./forsth.；beeagertodosth./forsth.；bedyingtodosth./forsth.等。riskvt.冒……的危險(xiǎn)n．[C，U]危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theyweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.②Hegotwell－preparedforthejobinterview，forhecouldn’trisklosing(lose)thegoodopportunity.[能力提升]——完成句子③(江蘇卷)交通問(wèn)題不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還使人們的生命處于危險(xiǎn)之中。Notonlydoesthetrafficissueaffectourdailylife,butitalso__puts__people’s__lives__at__risk．eq\a\vs4\al()(1)riskdoingsth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事(2)atrisk 有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；處境危險(xiǎn)attheriskof... 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)runtherisk(ofdoingsth.) 冒險(xiǎn)(做某事)put...atrisk 讓……處于危險(xiǎn)之中[佳句背誦]①Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks.他覺(jué)得他應(yīng)該做好每一步的決定，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。②Idon’twanttoruntheriskoflosingit.我不想冒著失掉它的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。variousadj.不同的；各種各樣的[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2019·北京卷)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo，thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious(vary)activitiesonEarthDay.②Theresearchteamismadeupofpupils,whoseagesvaryfrom10to15.[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)③(普通表達(dá))Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium.Ithasallkindsofwell-equippedfacilities.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)(高級(jí)表達(dá))Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadium,which__has__various/varieties__of/a__variety__of__well-equipped__facilities．(定語(yǔ)從句)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)forvariousreasons 由于種種原因(2)varietyn. 變化；多樣性；種類avarietyof＝varietiesof 種類繁多的allkindsof 各種各樣的(3)varyvt.&vi. 改變；變化varyfrom...to... 從……到……不等； 在……到……之間變動(dòng)[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]“各種各樣”表達(dá)：①various/varieties__of/a__variety__of；②all__kinds/sorts/types__ofconfusevt.使迷惑；使為難；使混亂；混淆[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Iwouldoftengetconfused(confuse)whenIcameacrossnewwordswithasimilarspelling.②IalwaysconfuseJohnwithhisbrother;theyaresomuchalike.[能力提升]——完成句子③我對(duì)中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀非常困惑，如果你給我一些在晚宴上如何做到行為得體的建議，我將感激不盡。Iam__quite__confused__by__Chinese__table__manners.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesometipsonhowtobehaveproperlyatadinnerparty.eq\a\vs4\al()confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨別不清beconfusedby 被……弄混；糊涂confusedadj. 困惑的；煩惱的confusingadj. 令人費(fèi)解的；使人困惑的confusionn. 困惑[佳句背誦]Forexample,therearehugeamountsofreferencebookswhichIamoftenconfusedtochoosefrom.例如，有大量的參考書(shū)，我經(jīng)常會(huì)因?yàn)檫x擇而感到困惑。(2018·江蘇卷)quantityn．量；數(shù)量[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①a.Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,largequantitiesofsoilare__being__washed(wash)awaynow.b．Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,alargequantityofsoilis__being__washed(wash)awaynow.②Wecanofferyouabetterpriceifyoucanbuyitinquantity.[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)③(普通表達(dá))Beforetheexam,Ispentalotoftimeinpreparingforit.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavesucceededinpassingtheexam.(高級(jí)表達(dá))Beforetheexam,Ispenta__large__quantity__of/a__great__deal__oftimeinpreparingforit.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavesucceededinpassingtheexam.eq\a\vs4\al()alarge/smallquantityof 大量/少量的largequantitiesof 大量的；許多的inquantity 大量地[佳句背誦]Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.專家說(shuō)，表?yè)P(yáng)的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更重要。(2019·浙江卷6月)[名師點(diǎn)津](1)aquantityof或quantitiesof后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞；(2)“aquantityof＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致；而“quantitiesof＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。aimn．目標(biāo)；目的；對(duì)準(zhǔn)v．對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)，打算[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2019·北京卷)Allourprojectsaimto__promote(promote)thedevelopmentofpoorandremotemunities.②a.(2019·北京卷)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaiming(aim)toraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.b．(2017·北京卷)ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation,anorganizationaiming/aimed(aim)atgettingridofhomelessness.③Theaimofeducationisto__teach(teach)youngpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothersblindly.④(2017·北京卷)Janemovedaimlessly(aim)downthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)⑤(普通表達(dá))InordertoimprovethelevelofEnglish,weattendEnglishCorneronceaweek.(高級(jí)表達(dá))With__the__aim__of__improving/Aiming__at__improving/Aiming__to__improvethelevelofEnglish,weattendEnglishCorneronceaweek.(aim)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)aimtodosth. 旨在做某事aimatdoingsth./beaimedat 目的是；旨在(2)takeaimat... 瞄準(zhǔn)……withtheaimof 以……為目標(biāo)；意在……(3)aimlessadj. 無(wú)目的的aimlesslyadv. 無(wú)目的地[佳句背誦]Thisactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudents’abilityoflisteningandspeaking.這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的目的是提高學(xué)生的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力。[詞塊助記](méi)aimhigh 志存高遠(yuǎn)achieve/realizemyaim 達(dá)到我的目的/實(shí)現(xiàn)我的目標(biāo)aprogrammeaimedatteenagers 針對(duì)青少年的節(jié)目observevt.&vi.看到，觀察，注意到；遵守(法律，習(xí)俗等)；慶祝(節(jié)日等)[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中observe的含義①(2019·天津卷)Wecanobservethatartificialintelligencehasalreadymadeanimpactonourlivesinmanyways.觀察②(江蘇卷)Therefore,rulesshouldbeworkedoutandstrictlyobserved.遵守③I’dliketotellyousomethingabouthowweobservetheSpringFestival.慶祝④Sheobservedherbestfriendwalkingontheoppositesideoftheroad.注意到[能力提升]——完成句子⑤當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)他的房子時(shí)，我看到他正在院子里玩耍。WhenIpassedbyhishouse,Iobserved__him__playingintheyard.⑥剛才他被看到拿著一本書(shū)走進(jìn)了辦公室。Hewas__observed__to__entertheofficewithabookinhishandjustnow.eq\a\vs4\al()observesb.doingsth. 看到某人正在做某事observesb.dosth. 看到某人做了某事observesb./sth.done 看到某人/物被……[佳句背誦]AlsoknownasTomb-SweepingDay,theQingmingFestivalisusuallyobservedaroundApril5andisatimeforhonoringdeceasedfamilyrelatives.清明節(jié)，也就是人們熟知的掃墓日，通常在4月5日左右，人們常在這一天祭祀亡故的親人。[名師點(diǎn)津]observe作“觀察；注意”講時(shí)，可用省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式或v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；但如果用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，省去的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to要還原。類似的詞還有see,watch,notice,hear,feel，make等。limitvt.限制；限定n．界限；限度[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thereisalimittoone’slife,butnolimittoserving(serve)thepeople.②(2019·江蘇卷)Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadtoawasteoflimited(limit)resources.③Ihavelimitless(limit)hopesandconfidenceinmyuniversity,liketomyfuture.[能力提升]——完成句子④他的英語(yǔ)水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人說(shuō)的話。HisEnglishis__so__limited__thathecan’tunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssay.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)limit...to... 把……限制在……內(nèi)(2)setalimitto... 對(duì)……規(guī)定限度thereisa/nolimitto... 對(duì)……是有限的/無(wú)限的(3)limitedadj. 有限的limitlessadj. 無(wú)限的[佳句背誦]Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimitedto400wordsorso.文章的長(zhǎng)度限制在約400詞。(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)[名師點(diǎn)津]上述搭配中to均為介詞，后跟名詞或v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。takeoff脫下；移去；(飛機(jī))起飛；休假；開(kāi)始成功[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中takeoff的含義①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)ItookoffmyT-shirtanddivedintothewater.脫掉②(陜西卷)Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.起飛③(江蘇卷)Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetakenoffthankstothefortableclimateforbusinesscreation.開(kāi)始成功④(四川卷)Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.休假eq\a\vs4\al()takeup 占去，占據(jù)(時(shí)間、地位等)takedown 記下；拆卸takein 吸收；接待；欺騙；理解takeon 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；接納takeover 接管，接任[語(yǔ)段背誦]Aftertakingupthejobasamanager,hetookdownmanyscientificmethodsandtookinmanyskilledworkers.Soonthepanytookonanewlook,whichsuggestedthepanywouldsoontakeoff.turnup出現(xiàn)；到場(chǎng)；開(kāi)大；調(diào)高；發(fā)現(xiàn)；向上翻[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用turn的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①Thingsturned__outtobeexactlyastheprofessorhadforeseen.②Thehallwasfull,andhundredsoffanshadtobeturned__down．③Themomentthebellrang,allthestudentsturned__intheirpapersimmediately.④Ioftenturn__tomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadegreatprogressinmystudies.[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)⑤(普通表達(dá))SomefamousChineseartistswillappearandperformattheexhibition.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)(高級(jí)表達(dá))SomefamousChineseartistswillturn__upandperformattheexhibition.eq\a\vs4\al()turndown 拒絕；關(guān)小；調(diào)低turnin 上交；自首turnout 結(jié)果是；證明是；生產(chǎn)；制造turnover 翻身；移交；轉(zhuǎn)變turnoff 關(guān)掉turntosb.forhelp 向某人求助[佳句背誦]Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswillturnupsoonerorlater.別著急，我相信你丟失的眼鏡遲早會(huì)出現(xiàn)的。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]“出現(xiàn)，到場(chǎng)”短語(yǔ)薈萃：①turn__up；②show__up；③be__present__atgetacross使理解(某事)；(使)被接受；橫過(guò)(馬路，河等)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Icalledalldayyesterday，butIcouldn’tgetthroughtoyou.②Thegirlhasbeenlookingforachancetogetawayfromthebeggars.③Itishardforthepooryoungmantogetoverthedifficultythistime.[能力提升]——完成句子④如果我們克服了目前的困難，那么一切都應(yīng)該會(huì)好起來(lái)。Ifwecanget__over__our__present__difficulties,__theneverythingshouldbeallright.⑤這兒有他許多朋友。他曾經(jīng)在這些朋友的幫助下擺脫了困境。Hehasagreatmanyfriendshere,withwhosehelpheoncegot__away__fromdifficultsituations.eq\a\vs4\al()getawayfrom 逃離；遠(yuǎn)離；避開(kāi)getdownto 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真處理/對(duì)待，開(kāi)始做getover 克服getthrough 穿過(guò)；完成；接通；用完[佳句背誦]Whetherwearebuying,selling,consulting,orsimplytryingtoobtaininformation,wewillneedtogetacrossideastoanaudiencewearenotusedtodealingwith.無(wú)論是做買賣、協(xié)商，還是僅僅獲得信息，我們都需要使那些我們從未與之打過(guò)交道的人弄明白我們的意思。breakdown分解；(機(jī)器等)出故障；(身體等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(談判等)失敗；打破，消除[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中breakdown的含義①(陜西卷)Hehadtopausefromtimetotimetowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystembrokedown.(機(jī)器)出故障②IfTimcarriesonworkinglikethis,he’llbreakdownsoonerorlater.(身體)垮掉③(湖北卷)Tounderstandthegrammarofthesentence,youmustbreakitdownintoparts.分解④(天津卷)Thetwocountriesaregoingtomeettobreakdownsomebarrierstotradebetweenthem.消除⑤(湖北卷)Hebrokedownashethoughtofhisfailuretosellallhispapers.失控eq\a\vs4\al()breakin 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；打斷(談話)，插嘴breakinto 闖入，破門(mén)而入breakout 爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生breakthrough 突破；克服，戰(zhàn)勝breakup 解散；結(jié)束；拆散breakaway 突然離開(kāi)；突然掙脫[佳句背誦]MotherbrokeintomyroomandtoldmenottostayuporIwouldbreakdown.媽媽闖進(jìn)我的房間，告訴我不要熬夜了，否則身體會(huì)垮掉的。runoutof用盡；用完[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用run的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①(2019·北京卷)Iftheyrun__out__ofcertaindailynecessities，Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.②Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbeeveryimportantastheearth’snaturalresources__run__out．③I’dliketorun__forthevicepresidentoftheEnglishclubinourschool.④I__ran__acrossoneofmyoldfriendswhenIwaswalkinginthestreettheotherday.[能力提升]——一句多譯如果我們繼續(xù)像這樣用水，我們很快就會(huì)把它用完。⑤Ifwekeepusingthewaterlikethis,wewill__soon__run__out__of__it.(run)⑥Ifwekeepusingthewaterlikethis,itwill__soon__run__out.(run)⑦Ifwekeepusingthewaterlikethis,wewill__soon__use__it__up.(use)⑧Ifwekeepusingthewaterlikethis,itwill__soon__be__used__up.(use)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)runout 用完；用盡giveout 用盡；用完；精疲力竭useup 用盡；用完(2)runacross 偶然遇到runfor 競(jìng)選；匆匆去取runinto 撞上；遇到[佳句背誦]①WhatshouldIdowhenI’mabouttorunoutofgasatmidnightonmywayhome?當(dāng)我的車在午夜回家的路上快沒(méi)油了，我該怎么辦？②It’smygreathonortoannouncethatIamrunningforchairmanoftheStudents’Union.[名師點(diǎn)津](1)runoutof＝useup表示主動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是人；(2)runout＝beusedup表示被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物；(3)giveout作“用盡；用完”講時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。too...to...太……而不能……(教材P26)Althoughpeopleenjoyedreadinghisbook,manyofthemthoughtthatMarco’sstoriesaboutChinaweretoofantastictobetrue.盡管人們喜歡讀他的書(shū)，但是很多人認(rèn)為馬可講的關(guān)于中國(guó)的故事太離奇了，令人難以置信。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2019·北京卷)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlyto__make(make)necessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningfulcollegeexperience.②a.Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhiledoingyourhomework.b．Youcanneverbecarefulenoughto__do(do)yourhomework.[能力提升]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換③Marywassoabsorbedinherstudythatshecouldn’thearthenoiseoutside.→Marywastoo__absorbed__in__her__study__to__hearthenoiseoutside.eq\a\vs4\al()(1)某些形容詞與“too...to...”句型連用時(shí)，too(＝very)表示肯定的意義。這些形容詞多為表示情感的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。(2)當(dāng)在too前加上only,but,all,simply或just時(shí)，“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義，此時(shí)too帶有贊賞的感情色彩。(3)“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)和never,not等否定副詞連用時(shí)，表示肯定意義，意為“無(wú)論……也不過(guò)分；越……越好”。[佳句背誦]①Justasanoldsayinggoes：“Itisnevertoolatetolearn.”正如那句老話所言：“活到老，學(xué)到老”。②Don’tworry.I’llbeonlytoogladtohelpyouifthere’sanythingwrong.不用擔(dān)心，如果出了什么問(wèn)題，我會(huì)很樂(lè)意幫助你的。havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難(教材P28)ThenexttogowasCaptainOates，whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking.接下來(lái)離開(kāi)的是奧茨上尉，他行走有很大的困難。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①(北京卷)—Didyouhavedifficultyfinding(find)Ann’shouse?—Notreally.Shehadgivenuscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.②Youhavenodifficultyremembering(remember)thenewwords,soyoucan’timaginethedifficultyIhavelearning(learn)thembyheart.③Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachersalwayshelpuspatiently.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)④(普通表達(dá))Wehad__difficulty__walking__home(步行回家非常困難)inthesnowstorm.Youcan’timaginethedifficulty.⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))You__can’t__imagine__what__difficulty__we__had__walking__home__in__the__snowstorm！(定語(yǔ)從句＋感嘆句)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)difficulty前可用great,much,some,any,no,little等修飾，difficulty還可以用trouble,problems,ahardtime等替換。(2)havedifficulty/trouble/problems/ahardtimewithsth.在某事上有困難(3)thereisnodifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth./withsth.做某事/在某事上沒(méi)有困難[佳句背誦]Undoubtedly,wemusthavedifficultyinsearchingfortheroadleadingtoscience.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們?cè)趯ふ彝ㄏ蚩茖W(xué)的道路上一定有困難。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)在考查句型havedifficulty(in)doingsth.時(shí)，difficulty往往提前作主句中的先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為“have＋doing”形式；(2)havedifficulty(in)doingsth.中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞。維度一在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Manyvisitorswereamazed(amaze)bytheplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.2．(2018·江蘇卷)Aschildrengrew，theybecamemoreanxious(anxiety)togetmorepublicapproval.3．Itisreportedthatalargequantityofmoneyhas__been__wasted(waste)ontheproject.4．Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity(similar)．5．Themanagerwasextremely(extreme)angryandleftthemeetingroomwithoutsayingaword.維度二在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1．Thespeakerwastooexcitedtogetacrosstomostofthelistenerspresentatthemeeting.2．Whenwehurriedtotheairport,theplanetoShanghaihadtakenoff．3．Schoolprovidesavarietyofactivitiesforchildrenafterclass.4．Inmyopinion,you’dbettersetalimittotheexpenseofyourtrip.5．(全國(guó)卷)Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.維度三易錯(cuò)混用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)1．Asamatteroffact，thereisalimitonwhatonecantolerate.on→to2．Largequantitiesofmilkhasgonebadbecauseofthehotweather.has→have3．Aimingatattractingmorepeople,theceremonywasverypopular.Aiming→Aimed4．Thepenmusthaverunoutink.Couldyoulendmeyours？在out后加of5．Ican’timaginewhatdifficultythewomanhadbroughtupherchildren.brought→bringing維度四語(yǔ)境品詞(寫(xiě)出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義)1．(江蘇卷)Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,andlimitsthesizeofbrains.限制2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.拒絕3．TheChinesepeopleobservetheSpringFestivalfromgenerationtogeneration.慶祝4．There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.憂慮；焦慮5．Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCultures”，aimingtointroduceAmericancustoms.目的是6．Afirebrokeoutinourtownrecentlyandalargefactorywasburnedtotheground.爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生7．Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.不同的；各種各樣的8．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.打破提能一語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)InordertoexperienceChineseculturewhich1.differs(differ)fromhiscountry’s,TomplannedtotraveltoBeijing.Hefirstgothisidea2.acrosstohisparents.Withhisparents’permission,hedecidedtogotoBeijingbyplanewhichtook3.offonSunday.Forthistrip,hemadefull4.preparations(prepare)forit.OnthewaytoBeijing,hecameacrosshisfriend,LiHua.AfterarrivinginBeijing,hehadnodifficulty5municating(municate)withthelocalpeoplewiththehelpofLiHua.Tohisamazement,thereare6.various(vary)kindsofentertainmentfacilities,activitiesandlarge7.quantities(quantity)ofoldbuildings.Inaword,it’ssodizzying.Apartfromthetrip,healsoaimstolearnChinesewell,andhetakesfulladvantage8.ofeveryminutetostudyhard.Hestrictly9.limits(limit)histimeofplaying.Weoftenseehim10.studying(study)lateintonight.Weallthinkheshouldpayattentiontohishealthincaseitbreaksdown.提能二話題寫(xiě)作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫(xiě)滿分作文)1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)①史密斯先生開(kāi)車去倫敦上班途中汽車出了故障。Mr.SmithwasdrivingacartoLondontogotoworkwhen__his__car__broke__down．②他打給汽車修理廠，維護(hù)工很快就來(lái)了。Hetelephonedagarageandsoonarepairmanturned__up．③10分鐘后，他的車被修好了。Tenminuteslaterhis__car__was__repaired．④為了彌補(bǔ)落下的時(shí)間，他飛快行駛。Hewantedtomake__up__for__the__lost__timesohebegantodrivefaster.⑤后來(lái)他車?yán)锏挠陀霉饬耍瑳](méi)能按時(shí)到達(dá)倫敦。Theoilinthetankran__out,__sohefailed__to__reachLondonontime.2．升級(jí)平淡句⑥用inorderto升級(jí)句④He__began__to__drive__faster__in__order__to__make__up__for__the__lost__time.3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：so,unfortunately)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Mr.SmithwasdrivingacartoLondontogotoworkwhenhiscarbrokedown.So,hetelephonedagarageandsoonarepairmanturnedup.Tenminuteslaterhiscarwasrepaired.Hebegantodrivefasterinordertomakeupforthelosttime.Unfortunately,theoilinthetankranout,sohefailedtoreachLondonontime.課時(shí)練12篇閱讀＋1篇完形Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·鄭州質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))FourteenagegirlsfromMinnesota,US.120hoursofnonstoptogetherness.Nocellphones.Thisisnotarealityshow,butanadventurejourney.“Itwasreallyperfect，”saidJuliaRuelleofherrecentadventuretotheBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernesswiththreeofherchildhoodfriends.“Byunplugging,wehadanamazingtime.”Lastyear,the16-year-oldtookpartinanessaycontestandcarriedoffaprize.Theawardwasa5-daycanoeandcampingadventurewithuptothreefriends.Noparentsorguideswouldbethere.SoJuliainvitedherfriendsAnnaWander,MadelineWilsonandJuliannaTorelli.ThefourMinnetonkaHighSchooljuniorsarrivedinElyfortrainingthedaybeforetheybeganthejourney.Theysetoutthenextdayat7a．m.,quicklydevelopingaroutine.“Weweredonepaddlingbynoon，”Juliasaid.“Weatelunchatthecampsitesandthenitwastimeforhammocks(吊床),reading,makingfriendshipbracelets(手鐲)andtalking.”Thegirlsallhadexperienceintheoutdoorsbefore.AnnahadbeentotheBoundaryWaterswithherfamily.“Ilovehowyouareseparatedfromeverythinginyourlife,especiallytechnology,”Annasaid.Withoutherphone,shesaid,“I’mlessworriedaboutthings.”Madeline,too,hadbeentotheBoundaryWatersafewyearsago.“Butthistime,Ihadtopaddlerightandsetupcamp，”shesaid.Thegirlsmadefireandcookedmealtogether.Noonewaseverhungr