混合虛擬語氣講解第1頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月語氣英語的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣(肯定、否定、疑問），祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。第2頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念第3頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月虛擬語氣Iftheweatheriswarmandrainy,mushroomsgrowveryquickly.(Zeroconditional)Ifyoureadthisreport,youwillunderstandoureconomicsituationmuchbetter.(FirstC)Ifyouwanttomakeagoodimpression,remembertosmileandmakeeyecontact.(FirstC)真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句第4頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月虛擬語氣Ifpeoplehadmorecommonsense,therewouldn’tbeanywarsintheworld.(2ndconditional:現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反的假設(shè)）Ifwehadknownyourtelephonenumber,wewould’vecalledyou.(3rdconditional)真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句第5頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過去相反的假設(shè)與將來相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（動(dòng)詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形W:一定；C：能夠；M：或許If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形2、If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式3、If+主語+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形主語＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形第6頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣（可能性依次遞減）Ifweshouldcometomorrow,wecouldmeetthegeneralmanager.如果明天真的能來，我們就能見到經(jīng)理事實(shí)是：明天可能不來，所以不能進(jìn)到總經(jīng)理。Ifitsnowedtomorrow,ourplanwouldbepostponed如果明天下雪，我們的計(jì)劃就得推遲。事實(shí)是：明天可能不會(huì)下雪，計(jì)劃很可能不會(huì)推遲Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwouldnotchangemymind事實(shí)是：太陽不會(huì)從西邊出來，我不會(huì)改變主意。第7頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月

IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.

如果現(xiàn)在不是在聽收音機(jī)，我會(huì)正在睡覺．如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽．IfIwerenotlisteningtotheradio,IwouldbesleepingIfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain\rained,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:第8頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月混合虛擬語氣當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了．第9頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavechosentotakeajob.Ifyouhadstudieshardatthattime,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.第10頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過條件句表達(dá)出來，而隱含在某些介詞短語（如without,butfor等）或上下文，這種句子屬于含蓄虛擬語氣。

Withoutmusic,theworldwouldbeadullplace.Iftherewerenomusic,theworldwouldbe…Butforyouradvice,Iwouldhavefailed.Ifyouhadn’tgivenmeadvice,Iwouldhavefailed.Havingknownthisintime,Icouldhavesucceeded.IfIhadknownthisintime,Icouldhavesucceeded第11頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.第12頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月IfIhadworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.---HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.Iftimeweretogoback,Iwouldworkdoublehard.---Weretimetogoback,Iwouldworkdoublehard.

第13頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語從句１、wish后面的賓語從句中。一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)表過去過去完成時(shí)表將來would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgo.第14頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意．那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷錢．第15頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月聚焦insistinsist有"堅(jiān)持"和"強(qiáng)調(diào)",當(dāng)它作"堅(jiān)持"講時(shí),要用虛擬語氣,如:Weinsistthatyouacceptthesegifts.我們堅(jiān)決要求你收下這些禮物(主句主語是we,從句主語是you)當(dāng)它作"強(qiáng)調(diào)"講時(shí),后面從句的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)具體的語境變化而變化.但注意,這種用法,主句與從句的主語通常是同一個(gè)人.如：Sheinsistedthatshedidn'ttellthelie.她強(qiáng)調(diào)她(自己)沒有撒謊.(主句主語是she,從句主語是she.都是同一個(gè)人.)第16頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．（2）用于表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.第17頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2她這樣做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

（3）虛擬語氣在在主語從句中第18頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.第19頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月

1.

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式;如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!（口語中虛擬語氣經(jīng)常省略主句）第20頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月3.wouldrather+從句動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成時(shí)

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.

asif(asthough)看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式(haddone).Hetreatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit第21頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.第22頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---（無couldn’thavedone)mighthavedone本來可能---(無mightn’thavedone)should/oughttohavedone本來應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--

你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒必要做也沒有做---我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來會(huì)去做----我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會(huì)買那本書的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.第23頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月回憶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測Musthavedone:過去一定做了某事Can/couldn’thavedone：過去不可能做了某事Can/couldhavedone:用于否定句和疑問句May/mighthavedone：過去可能做過某事（表推測不能用于疑問句中）May/mightnothavedone:過去可能沒做過某事

第24頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.wasCAAA第25頁，課件共27頁，創(chuàng)作于2023年2月5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen8.You_____c