謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)就是最好的技巧2023/6/11一.時(shí)態(tài)

時(shí)間時(shí)態(tài)

狀態(tài)過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在，將來(lái)一般，進(jìn)行，完成一般表事實(shí)；進(jìn)行表過(guò)程，完成表結(jié)果狀態(tài)VS時(shí)間一般進(jìn)行完成過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)根據(jù)歷年高考考試大綱中的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表，備考高考主要需要掌握英語(yǔ)16種時(shí)態(tài)中的以下11種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Itrainsalotinsummerinmyhometown.標(biāo)志詞：often,usually,always,everyweek/year/day,onceaweek,seldom,onSundays.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：worked表示過(guò)去發(fā)生完的動(dòng)作或者結(jié)果，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。標(biāo)志詞：oneday,yesterday,lastweek/year/month,justnow,in1998,onceuponatime,...ago,onthatdayIboughtapairofshoesyesterday.標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow，soon,inthefuture,intwodays/weeks...3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：willworkbegoingtowork表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)說(shuō)將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情Iwillprayforyou.還有幾種特殊的形式也表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：1.begoingto+do表示：主觀上已經(jīng)決定、打算、準(zhǔn)備要做的事。例如：Iamgoingtobuyanewcar.我打算買(mǎi)輛新車(chē)。某種跡象表明很可能發(fā)生的事情。例如：Darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorain.烏云密布，要下雨了。2.beto+動(dòng)詞原型表示：約定、計(jì)劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Wearetomeetatthetrainstationatfourthisafternoon.我們計(jì)劃今天下午四點(diǎn)在火車(chē)站見(jiàn)面ThesportsmeetistotakeplaceonSundaymorning.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將在周日上午舉行。3.beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原型，表示“不久將要，即將發(fā)生”，但是不能與tomorrow，nextweek等表示確切的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Thefilmisabouttobegin.電影馬上就要開(kāi)始了。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoing表示一般將來(lái)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或打算要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；通常帶一個(gè)表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),但有明確的上下文時(shí)無(wú)須指出時(shí)間。

能用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞：go,come,leave,start,arrive,give,return,take,get,seeoff,travel,fly,reach,meet…come,go,stay,arrive,leave等趨向動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示將來(lái)確切的計(jì)劃。2)表示交通方式、行程安排的動(dòng)詞，例如fly,walk,ride,drive,take(abus,ataxi)等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也經(jīng)常用于表示將來(lái)。IamleavingChinaintwohours.我將會(huì)在兩個(gè)小時(shí)后離開(kāi)中國(guó)。IamflyingtoJapantomorrow.明天我會(huì)飛往日本。TheBrowns________(go)totheNorthChinabytrainnextweek.They__________(stay)inBeijingforaweek.They________(go)toXi’an.They__________(get)therebyair.aregoing

arestayingaregoingaregettingExercise1TravelPlan1.我星期五動(dòng)身去北京。2.我的朋友今晚過(guò)來(lái)。3.下周五我們乘飛機(jī)去上海。4.下課后我們打算在操場(chǎng)踢足球。

Exercise2用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)翻譯下列句子。V.leave/gocomeplayfly我星期五動(dòng)身去北京。I’mleavingforBeijingthisFriday.2.我的朋友今晚過(guò)來(lái)。Myfriendsarecomingoverthisevening.3.下周五我們乘飛機(jī)去上海。WeareflyingtoShanghainextFriday.4.下課后我們打算在操場(chǎng)踢足球。

Afterclassweareplayingfootballontheplayground.leave/gocomeflyplay典型例題Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelt.Theplane_____(2006福建)。AtakesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff4.3(2011濟(jì)南市二模）--HaveyoubrokenthenewstoJim?--Oh,no.Iforgot.I_______himnow.A.willcallB.amcallingC.callD.called

–Whereisthemorningpaper?–I________itforyouatonce.

A.getB.amgettingC.amtogetD.willgetDI’vewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.I____mymom.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.willtakeD.willhavetaken4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/areworking表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志詞：now，rightnow，atthemoment,look!listen!Thedogissleepingnow.5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/wereworking

表示過(guò)去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。標(biāo)志詞：atthattime,atthatmoment,then,atthistimeyesterdayMydogwaswatchingTVwhenyoucalledmeyesterday.6.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：willbedoing表示將來(lái)要正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成。標(biāo)志詞：since，for+一段時(shí)間，recently，already，yet,sofar,uptonow,forthepastfewyears,inthelastfewyears7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasdone經(jīng)典例句！Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtimesinceyouleftChina.

JayChouhaswonmanyawards.8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：haddone表示一般過(guò)去時(shí)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Theyhadeatensomethingbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.過(guò)去的過(guò)去9.將來(lái)完成時(shí)：willhavedone表示將來(lái)要完成的動(dòng)作Bytheyearof2023,thehousepricewillhaveincreasedby15percent.附加時(shí)態(tài)1：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：woulddo表示以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)，說(shuō)將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Theteachertoldusthathe_______usatesttwodayslater.A.willgiveB.isgivingC.hadgivenD.wouldgiveShesaidthatshe________afamousmoviestarwhenshegrewup.A.willbecomeB.becomeC.wouldbecomeD.hadbecome例題：Hesuddenlyrememberedthathe__________hiskeyathome.A.hadleftB.wasleavingC.hasleftD.wouldleave(2012上海春季)29.BeforeIbeganthisjob,I_____ababysitterfortwoyears.A.havebeen B.was C.wouldbe D.hadbeenDJohnpromisedhisdoctorhe______again,andhehasneversmokedeversince.(2008北京)A．hadn'tsmokeB.didn'tsmokeC.wouldn'tsmokeD.hasn'tsmoked2.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI_______inmanyworsehotels.(2008北京)A．wasstayingB.stayedC.wouldstayD.hadstayed附加時(shí)態(tài)2：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing例句：Hehasbeenworkinginthefactoryfortwoyears.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)VS現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)例題：(2010江蘇23）----Youlooktired,what’sup?----Well,I_________thehouseallday.Imustfinishitbeforetonight.A.haspainted

B.paintedC.waspaintingD.hasbeenpainting(10湖南）I'mtiredout.I________allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshoppingD(2012江西卷)26.—Look!Somebody________thesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit. A.iscleaning B.wascleaning C.hascleaned D.hasbeencleaningC

We_______onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearestandgoon.A.wasworkingB.havebeenworkingC.workedD.haveworkedB.I____Englishforfiveyearsnow.(M80)A．wasstudyingB．havebeenstudyingC．studiedD．a(chǎn)mstudying二.時(shí)態(tài)題的解題方法和思路1.看時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞：

1.1Daniel’sfamily________theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.(2009安徽卷）A.areenjoyingB.aretoenjoyC.willenjoyD.willbeenjoying(2012遼寧，31）Ifeelsoexcited!

AtthistimetomorrowmorningI______toShanghai.A.willbeflyingB.willflyC.havebeenflyingD.haveflownIfeelsoexcited!BythistimetomorrowmorningI__________toShanghai.A.willbeflyingB.willhaveflownC.havebeenflyingD.haveflown1.2.Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe_____inRomelastyear.A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet1.3.We_____ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.(2006上海春)A．don’tmeetB.won’tmeetC.haven’tmetD.hadn’tmet

（2010山東）Uptonow,theprogram______thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassavedProgress______sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.

A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.willbeCSofarthisyearwe______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen1.4.We_________eachothersincesheleftthehometown.A.hadn’tseenB.haven’tseenC.sawD.see現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)2.0Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit____onthemarketin1973.A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes1.8—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?—Yes，

sincehe____________theChineseSociety.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined1.5Thecountrylifehewasusedto______greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechangedBThecountrylife1.6（2010江西30).Motherwantedtobeagoodprovider,aroleshe_____sincehermarriagetoFather.A.shouldersB.shoulderedC.isshouldering

D.hasbeenshouldering(2012全國(guó)II)18.Themanager______theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.

A.toldB.hastold

C.hasbeentellingD.willhavetoldc1.7(05山東）25.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________risingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeenThenumbernosooner...than剛一。。就。。Wedidn'tknowabouttheaccident,becausewenosooner_________thanithappened.A.haveleftB.hadleftC.leftD.wouldleavenosooner過(guò)去完成時(shí)than一般過(guò)去時(shí)hardly...when剛一。。就Weweresolucky,becausewehardly_________homewhenitrainedheavily.A.arrivedB.hadarrivedC.willarriveD.arrivehardly過(guò)去完成時(shí)when一般過(guò)去時(shí)填寫(xiě)詞的正確形式1.Ihardly________(go)whenshecametolookforme.2.Wenosooner_________(hear)thenewsthantheTVshowedtous.3.Ihadhardlyspentallmymoneywhenmymother_______(want)toborrowsomemoneyfromme.hadgonehadheardwantedwas/weredoing+when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)I__________(sleep)inmyroomwhensomebodystartedtoshoutoutside.wassleeping某人正在做。。。。。。突然。。。。。。2.主將從現(xiàn)原則

Ifthere_____(be)nowater,there_____(be)nolivingthingsontheearth.

iswillbe

Wewillstartassoonasourteamleader____.(M81)A.comesB．willcomeC．comeD．iscoming3.1（2005全國(guó)28)—Whatwillyoudoifit_____tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton，sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining解析：狀語(yǔ)從句中主將從現(xiàn)原則！2012濟(jì)南市一模—Jane,haveyoufinishedyourfashiondesignyet?—No，I’llfinishitif

I_______tenmoreminutes.A.giveB.amgivenC.willgiveD.willbegiven----Doyouhaveanyquestions

ifyou_____thejob?—Well，Iamthinkingaboutthesalary.（薪水，工資）A.offerB.areofferedC.willofferD.willbeofferedBIf

I_____freenextSunday,I_____tothefarmwithyou.A.willbe,willgoB.am,willgoC.willbe,goD.be,go

（10四川16）—Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwe______ourplan.A.willfinishB.arefinishingC.aretofinishD.havefinished

注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也表示將來(lái)意思！----Mom,canIplaythegametoo?----Iamafraidnot,youcanwhenyou______older.A.willgetB.getC.gotD.wouldget主情從現(xiàn)Youshallgetthemoneyifyou_________thetaskinaweek.A.willcompleteB.completeC.arecompletingD.completed（10浙江5）

Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you______freshwatermelonsinthefall.A.eatB.wouldeatC.haveeatenD.willbeeatingD(08全國(guó)II14)Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they______theirsalesby20percent.A.willincrease

B.havebeenincreasingC.haveincreasedD.wouldbeincreasingA3.主過(guò)從過(guò)原則(2012遼寧卷)35.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI_________onFriday.A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid(2012山東卷)34.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers______.A.willleave B.areleaving C.haveleft D.wereleaving總結(jié)：原句的既定時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，選項(xiàng)也應(yīng)該向過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)靠攏。(2013山東)24.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit_____prettygood.A.hasbeen B.was C.hadbeen D.wouldbe4.分析語(yǔ)境根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞和固定句型并不是萬(wàn)能的，近幾年高考試題考察結(jié)合語(yǔ)境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)的題目越來(lái)越多，因此考生應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)細(xì)心體會(huì)所給的語(yǔ)境，綜合考慮選擇正確答案。2012江西卷)26.—Look!Somebody____thesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.

A.iscleaning B.wascleaning C.hascleaned D.hadcleanedC有for+一段時(shí)間不一定選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(2012天津卷)Thethreeofus_________aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.A.travelledB.havetravelledC.hadtravelledD.travel選過(guò)去完成時(shí)符合兩個(gè)條件：1.原句有過(guò)去時(shí)；2.發(fā)生在原句這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)之前(2012湖南卷)33.—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry,I______thepianoforyears.

A.don'tplayB.wasn'tplayingC.haven'tplayedD.hadn'tplayedC4.2.(2009四川）---YouspeakverygoodFrench!——Thanks.I________FrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.AstudiedB.studyC.willstudy

D.hadstudied選過(guò)去完成時(shí)符合兩個(gè)條件：1.原句有過(guò)去時(shí)；2.發(fā)生在原句這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)之前2.He_____footballregularlyformanyyears

whenhewasyoung.(2008天津)A．playedB.wasplayingC.hasplayedD.hadplayed(08陜西6）ThemomentIgothome,IfoundI_______myjacketontheplayground.A.hadleftB.leftC.haveleftD.wasleavingA2011山東35.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildren_______everything!A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeatenD.havebeeneatingBIdidn'tknowwhat_______whileIwasasleep.A.hadhappenedB.happenedC.washappenedD.happenB(2012重慶卷)22.—Kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?—Well,I____atestandI’mwaitingfortheresult.

A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.takeB(09山東）Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon'tknowexactlyhowit________.A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hadhappenedB2011山東31.WhenIgotonthebus,I_________Ihadleftmywalletathome.A.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealizeB(2012山東卷)28.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he_______workingonhisproject.A.hadstarted B.hasstarted C.started D.startsC(10北京24）—I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.—Butourfriends_____forus.A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaitingD2.----Didyouseeamaninblackpassbyjustnow?-----No,sir.I______anewspaper.(2007四川)A．readB.wasreadingC.wouldreadD.amreading—IsawJaneandherboyfriendintheparkateightyesterdayevening.—Impossible.She_______TVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.wouldwatchD.waswatchingD

IcalledHannahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother______onthephoneallthetime!(2008湖南)A．wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talked----Whydon'tyouinviteSallytothehiking?-----Sally?Noway!She_______outdooractivities.A.hatedB.hatesC.willhateD.hashatedMyparentsareHongkongpeople,they_______inHongkongandhaveneverlivedanywhereelsebefore.A.liveB.werelivingC.willbelivingD.lived時(shí)態(tài)完！二.語(yǔ)態(tài)一．動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式表示的就是 ：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。形式：bedone，be動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞或者及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。二．高考十大重點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的具體形式：時(shí)態(tài)類(lèi)型被動(dòng)形式（以動(dòng)詞build為例）典型例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/arebuiltAnewrailwayisbuilt.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/werebuiltAnewrailwaywasbuiltin1700一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbebuiltAnewrailwaywillbebuiltinoneyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingbuiltAnewrailwayisbeingbuiltatpresent.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingbuiltAnewrailwaywasbeingbuiltthen.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)willbebeingdoneAnewrailwaywillbebeingbuiltthistimenextyear.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havebeenbuiltAnewrailwayhasbeenbuiltrecently過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeenbuiltAnewrailwayhadbeenbuiltbefore1990.將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhavebeendoneAnewrailwaywillhavebeenbuiltbytheyear2012.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)wouldbebuiltThechairmansaidthatanewrailwaywouldbebuiltsoon.1.Thisdictionary______nextyear.A．publishedB．willbepublishedC.werepublishedD．ispublished2．Mypictures______untilnextweek.A．won'tdevelopB．a(chǎn)ren'tdevelopingC．don'tdevelopD．won'tbedeveloped(08北京29）Nodecision_______aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmadeA現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。e.g.Maryisbeinginterviewednow.—Mycarisbeingrepairednow.

—What’sthematter?2.表現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。Thediseaseisbeingstudiedatpresentbyscientists.Thelifeofthepandaisbeingstudiedat

present.

Practice

1.—Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.—Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeingquestioned

B.isquestioningC.hasquestioned

D.isbeingquestioned2.Anewcinema_____hereatpresent.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt3.Idon’tknowwhattimeitisnow.Mywatch_____.A.isrepairingB.hasbeenrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasrepaired4.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth____eachyear.iswashingawayisbeingwashedawayarewashingawayarebeingwashedaway5.----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet.Therooms____.(NM91)A．a(chǎn)rebeingpaintedB．a(chǎn)repaintingC．a(chǎn)repaintedD．a(chǎn)rebeingpainting1.---_____thesportsmeetingwillbeputoff.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold2.“WhydidLinglinglooksounhappy?”“Shehad____byherclassmates.”A．laughedB．laughedatC．beenlaughedD．beenlaughedat3.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided4.It’ssaidthatthisbook___intoChinese.