第頁共頁全國英語等級考試PETS五閱讀真題全國英語等級考試PETS五閱讀真題SECTIONIIIReadingprehension(50minutes)PartAReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichacpanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1England'sbinge-drinkinghabitisoneofthemostentrenchedinEurope--evenRomaninvad-erswroteaboutitwithhorror.Manyfearedthatthehabitwouldworsenaftertherelaxationoflicen-singhourslastNovember.Doctors,academicsandnewspaperswerejoinedinoppositionbythepo-liceandjudges,whowarnedthatthereformswere“closetolunacy”.Thegover____entdisagreedandabolishedarestrictiveregimefirstimposedduringtheFirstWorldWarbyDavidLloydGeorge,theprimeminister,whowantedtopreventmunitionsworkersfromgettingtoodrunk.WhileministersneverdeniedthatBritonshadanunhealthyattitudetoliquor,theyarguedthatmuchofthecrimeanddisorderthatblightedcitystreetsatnightwascausedbyhordesofdrunkardsrollingoutofpubsandclubsatthesametimeandfightingforthesametaxihome.TheycitedthewartimeexperienceinAustralia,whereanearlyclosingtimehadledtoaphenomenondubbedthe“sixo'clock'sswill”,inwhichpeopledrankthemselvessillyagainsttheclock.Thehopewasthat,oncehourswererelaxed,Britonswouldadoptmorecivilised,continentalhabits,sippingdelicatelyatglassesofChablisratherthandowningtenpints.Weretheoptimistsorthepessimistsright?Thepoliceremaincautiousaboutsuchpositivesigns,sayingitisstilltooearlytotellwhateffectliberalisationwillhaveoncrime.Theypointoutthatlocalforceshavedivertedtimeandmoneytopolicelate-nightdrinking,andhavebeengivenextracashbythegover____ent.ThatwillrunoutonChristmasEve,atwhichpointthingsmaybeetrickier.Inthemeantime,pessimistsaremarshallingnew,moreambitiousarguments.MartinPlantoftheUniversityoftheWestofEnglandmaintainsthatfreerdrinkingcanleadtolong-termproblemsthatarenotimmediatelyapparent.Iceland'scapital,Reykjavik,softeneddrinkinglawssevenyearsago.Whilepolicingbecameeasier,moredrunkardspitchedupathospitalanddrink-drivingratessoared.51.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthatA.theEnglishindulgenceinalcoholevenhorrifiedRomaninvaders.B.thepoliceandjudgeswereinfavoroftherelaxationoflicensinghours.C.thegover____entdidawaywithalawregulatingdrinkinghourslastyear.D.WorldWarIfirstsawtheimplementationofthelawregulatingdrinkinghours.52.Whydidthegover____entwanttoreformthedrinking-hourrestrictions?A.TofollowtheexleofAustralia.B.TochangeBritons'attitudetoalcohol.C.Toreducetheamountofalcoholconsumed.D.Toreducecrimeratescausedbydrinking.53.Whathappensnowinbigcities?A.Hordesofdrunkardsfloodoutofpubsatllp.m.and2a.m.B.Morelicensesaregrantedtopubsandclubs.C.Therearefewercriminaloffencesrelatedtodrinking.D.ThingsaredifferentinLondonfromotherbigcities.54.ThepoliceholdtheviewthatA.thechangesareduetomorepoliceeffortsratherthanthereform.B.extensionofdrinkinghourshasproducedanegativeoute.C.thegover____entobscuresthetruthbyprovidingextramoney.D.thesuccessofthereformcanonlybeguaranteedwithmoregover____entinput.55.ThosewhodonotseeagoodprospectofthedrinkingreformA.aretryingtofindmoreeffectivesolutions.B.areconvincedthatthereformwillleadtomoreviolentcrimes.C.believethatthereshouldbeadequatemedicalserviceforthedrunkards.D.believethatsofteneddrinkinglawsmayproducenegativelong-termeffects.Text2Thebestestimateofhumanity'secologicalfootprintsuggeststhatitnowexceedstheEarth'sre-generativecapacitybyaround20percent.ThisfactismentionedearlyoninthelatestbookfromLesterR.Brown.ThesubtitleofPlanB2.0makestheboldclaimofrescuingaplaunderstressandacivilizationintrouble.SowillBrown'sPlanBwork?Thegreenmovementdividesbroadlyintotwocstechnologicaloptimistsandsocialrevolu-tionaries.ForeverypersonlikeBrownproposingnewwaystoproduceprotein,thereisanindige-nousmovementinadevelopingcountrystrugglingforlandredistribution.Anotherdivideisbe-tweenthosewhoseethebiggestenviro____entalproblemaspopulationpressureinthedevelopingSouth,andthosewhosayitis'consumptionpatternsintherichNorth.Whenpushestoshove,Brownqualifiesasatechnologicaloptimistwhoisworriedaboutpopulation.Thegiveawayishiseulogytogreentechno-fixes,coupledwiththefearoffast-growingdevelopingcountriescopyingWesternconsumerlifestyles.Brown'spictureofclimate-change-inducedchaosisterrifyingandconvincing.Itincludestheawfulimageoftheworld'spoorestpeoplepetingforfoodwithanever-hungrierbio-fuelsindus-try,whosejobwillbetokeepthedevelopedworld'sSUVsontheroadasoilbeesevermoreexpensiveandthenrunsout.Thebinationofindustrialinertiaandtheinfluenceofindustryonlobbyistsismakingthisvisionincreasinglyplausible.Thepoorgetabaddealbecausetheworldisrunbytheeconomicequivalentofgunboatdiplomacy,astherecentWorldTracieOrganizationtalksshowed.Technologicallyoptimisticvisionsoftenhavetoomuchfaiththatchangewillflowfromaration-aldiscussionaboutsensiblepolicies,whiletiptoeingaroundtherealproblemsofpowerandpolitics.EvenwithBrown'sPlanBtotelluswhichrenewableenergytechnologiestouseandwhichresilientfoodcropstogrow,wearegoingtoneedawaytodealwitheconomicvestedinterestsandthedemo-craticdeficitinglobalfinancialinstitutionsthatexcludesthepoor.Forthat,weneedPlanC.56.WhatistheissuethatBrowntriestoaddressinhisnewlypublishedbook?[A]Theword'spopulationhasincreasedby20percent.B.Humanactivitieshavegonebeyondwhattheearthisabletosustain.C.Humanbeingshavedevelopedinacertainecologicalpattern.D.Thegreenmovementhasfailedtoproduceneededenviro____entalchanges.57.BrownbelievesthatthespreadofconsumerismtolessdevelopedcountrieshasA.ledtolandshortageandredistribution.B.narroweddownthedifferenceinlifestyle.C.contributedtoenviro____entaldeterioration.D.increasedhigh-proteinfoodconsumption.58.TalkingaboutBrown'sdismalpictureofenviro____entaldegradation,theauthorthinksthatA.hisoptimismdoesnotseemtobewell-grounded.B.toomanydepressingstatisticswerelistedinhisbook.C.hisdescriptionoftheenviro____entalproblemslacksafocus.D.heistryingtoforcehisoptimismonthereaders.59.Thephrase“gunboatdiplomacy”(line6,para.4)meansA.todealwithindustrialrelationsintheautomobilesectorbywayoflobbying.B.tothreatentouseforcetomakeasmallercountryagreetoyourdemand.C.tonegotiatewithintheWTOframeworkindealingwithbilateralrelations.A.Becausenewsensiblepoliciesmaybringaboutpositivechanges.B.Becausethegapbetweentherichandpoorshouldbenarrowed.C.Becausenewtechnologiesandcropscanbeintroducedunderthisplan.D.Becausethecoreproblemsofinternationalpoliticsshouldbeaddressedfirst.Text3Theaveragepersonseestensofthousandsofimagesaday--imagesontelevision,innews-papersandmagazines,andonthesidesofbuses.ImagesalsogracesodacansandT-shirts,andIn-tersearchenginescaninstantlyprocureimagesforanywordyoutype.OnFlickr.,aphoto-sharingWebsite,youcantypeinawordsuchas“love”andfindphotosofcouplesinembraceorparentshuggingtheirchildren.Typein“terror”,andamongtheresultsisaphotographoftheWorldTradeCentertowersburning.“Rememberwhenthiswasashockingimage?”askstheper-sonwhopostedthepicture.Thequestionisnotmerelyrhetorical.Itpointstosomethingimportantaboutimagesinourcul-ture:theyhavebeelessmagicalandlessshocking.Untilthedevelopmentofmassreproduc-tion,imagescarriedmorepowerandevokedmorefear.Weloveimagesandthedemocratizingpoweroftechnologiesthatgiveusthecapabilitytomakeandmanipulateimages.Whatwearelesseagertoconsiderarethebroaderculturaleffectsofasocietydevotedtotheimage.Historiansandanthropologistshaveexploredthestoryofmankind'smovementfromanoral-basedculturetoawrittenculture,andlatertoaprintedone.Butinthepastseveraldecadeswehavebeguntomovefromaculturebasedontheprintedwordtoonebasedlargelyonimages.Twothingsinparticularareatstakeinourcontemporaryconfrontationwithanimage-basedculture.First,technologyhasconsiderablyunderminedourabilitytotrustwhatwesee,yetwehavenotadequatelygrappledwiththeeffectsofthisonournotionsoftruth.Second,ifwearein-deedmovingfromtheeraoftheprintedwordtoaneradominatedbytheimage,whatimpactwillthishaveon.culture?Willwebeetooeasilyaccustomedtoverisimilarratherthantruethings,preferringappearancetorealityandintheprocessrejectingthedemandsofdisciplineandpatiencethattruethingsoftenrequireofusifwearetounderstandtheirmeaninganddescribeitwithpreci-sion?61.ThefirstparagraphofthetexttellsusthatA.weareexposedtoamultitudeofimageseveryday.B.consumergoodswithimageslookmoregraceful.C.theIntercaninstantlypresentimagesofanythingwewanttobuy.D.Intersearchenginesgiveusundesiredandshockingimages.62.Withthedevelopmentofmassreproduction,imagesA.havebeele,ssimportantinpopularculture.B.arenotasimpressiveastheyweretoviewers.C.willbemoremagicalandshockinginthefuture.D.willbeemoreandmorethought-provoking.63.ThepoweroftheimagehasbeenstrengthenedinthesensethatA.populisttechnologiesenablealmosteverybodytomanipulateimages.B.imageshavegraduallywonpopularityamongmonpeople.C.imagesareforcingustomunicateviagesturesratherthanlanguage.D.withpopulisttechnologies,textsmightgivewaytopicturesgradually.A.Images.B.Writtenwords.C.Printedimages.D.Texts.65.Fromthetext,itcanbeinferredthattheauthorA.agreesthatimagesofferabetterformofmunicationthantheprint.B.doesnotsharetheopinionthatanimage-basedcultureislessadvanced.C.showsdeepconcernabouttheimpactofimagesonculture.D.preferstheimageeratothatoftheprintedword.SECTl0NIIIReadingprehensionPartATextl在歐洲，英格蘭的豪飲是最根深蒂固的風俗，甚至羅馬侵略者都戰戰兢兢的對其進展了描繪。隨著去年十一月放寬時間禁令后，許多人擔憂這種情況會進一步惡化。醫生、學者、報紙和警察、法官一道對放寬禁令表示反對。警察和法官們警告說，這種改革類似于“精神失常”。對此，政府并不贊同。政府廢除了一戰期間由大衛·勞德·喬治率先實行的限制性飲酒政策。喬治是當時的首相，實行這一政策是為了防止工人喝得爛醉。然而部長們從未否認過英國人對白酒有一種不安康的心態。他們認為，夜間，發生城市街道上的許多犯罪和騷亂都是由酒鬼所引起的。他們往往同時走出酒吧和俱樂部，互相之間爭奪回家的出租車。但部長們援引了澳大利亞的戰時經歷：較早的打烊時間導致這種現象被戲稱為“六點鐘豪飲”，即在規定的時間內人們爭分奪秒的喝酒。有人希望，放寬時間禁令后，英國人將會更文明，更紳士般的飲酒，即悠閑的喝著夏布利斯，而不是狂飲十品脫。樂觀者或是悲觀者，哪一種人觀點是正確的呢?由于法律的修改，約三分之二的持證經營場所已經將營業時間延長了約一小時左右。(不到l%的店家被允答應以24小時經營。)這樣就防止了晚上ll點和凌晨2點出現的頂峰人群，也填補了一些低峰時段。在幾個大的，熱鬧的城市，包括伯明翰，諾丁漢和曼徹斯特，地方當局報告說，街道秩序沒有比以前更亂。在伯明翰，一個飲酒者經常出沒的街頭已經出現了犯罪率的急劇下降(盡管這也可能是因為由于擔憂最壞的情況而聘用了街道督導員)。在倫敦，最讓人注意的是，飲酒政策放寬后，沒有任何一個月出現過比上年同期更多的暴力犯罪記錄。在威斯敏斯特，情況也是這樣。當地聚集著許多首都的酒吧和俱樂部。與去年同期相比，自治市鎮的整體暴力程度自2023年11月起已經十個月連續下降12%。對于這些積極的跡象，警方仍持慎重態度。他們認為如今議論政策放寬對犯罪的影響，仍然為時尚早。他們指出，地方警力投入了時間和財力治理深夜飲酒，政府也給予了額外的現金補貼。但是在圣誕節前夕這一時間段上，政府補貼就已根本用完，那時情況可能會變得更復雜。與此同時，悲觀者也提出了新的、更志在必得的證據。西英格蘭大學的馬丁工廠認為更加自由的飲酒可能會導致一些不會立即顯現的長期問題。冰島首都雷克雅未克，七年前放寬了飲酒限制。雖然治安監管變得容易了，但更多的酒鬼住進了醫院，而且酒后駕駛率也在迅速飆升。答案及精析51.B【精析】細節題。題目問的是“下面那一句說法是不正確的?”。由文章第一段第一句“…evenRomaninvaderswroteaboutitwithhorror.”可知：對于英格蘭的豪飲，羅馬侵略者也戰戰兢兢地進展’了描繪，這與A項內容相符。由第一段第三句“…bythepoliceandjudges。whowarnedthatthereformswere‘closetolunacy”’可知：警察和法官認為這種改革幾乎是“精神失常”，這與B項內容不符。由第一段第二句“therelaxationoflicensinghourslastN0—vember”可知C項正確;由第一段最后一句“…arestrictiveregimefirstimposedduringtheFirstWorldWarbyDavidLloydGeorge，’’可知D項正確。應選B。52.D【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“政府為什么要改革限制飲酒時間的政策?”。由文章第二段第一、二句“…theyarguedthatmuchofthecrimeanddisorderthatblightedcitystreetsatnightwascausedbyhordesofdrunkardsroilingoutofpubsandclubsatthesalnetimeandfightingforthesalTletaxihome.Theycitedthewartimeexperi—enceinAustralia…”可知：政府改革限制飲酒時間的政策的目的是為了降低由飲酒引起的犯罪，這與D項內容相符。應選D。53.C【精析】細節題。題目問的是“如今，大城市的狀況如何?”。由文章第三段第三、四句“Localauthoritiesinseverallarge，livelycit—ies，…reportthatthestreetsarenomofedisorderlythanbefore…hasseenadramaticdropincrime”可知：飲酒時間政策改革后，各地犯罪率呈下降趨勢，這與C項內容相符。再有第三段第五句“InLondon，...therehasnotbeenasinglemonthsincethedrinkinglawswererelaxed…”可知D項錯誤。應選C。54.A【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“警方的觀點是什么?”。由文章第四段第二句“Theypointoutthatlocalforceshavedivertedtimeandmoneytopolicelate—nightdrinking，andhavebeengivenextracashbythegover____ent.”可知：當地警方投入時間和財力用于治理深夜飲酒問題，這與A項內容相符。由第四段第一句“Thepoliceremaincautiousaboutsuchpositivesigns…”可知B項錯誤。此外，文章沒有提及c項，而D項的“only”使該選項的表意過于絕對。應選A。55.D【精析】細節題。題目問的是“那些對改革不樂觀的人們認為。”。由文章最后一段第二句話“…thatfreerdrinkingCallleadtodong—termproblemsthatarenotimmediatelyapparent.”可知對改革不樂觀的人們認為此項改革會引發長期問題，并以冰島首都雷克雅未克為例進展論證，這與D項內容相符。應選D。Text2參考譯文關于人類對生態的影響，最正確的估計說明：它已經超過了地球的再生才能的20%左右。這是早前由萊斯特·R·布朗在其新書中提出的。B2.0方案的副標題大聲疾呼：拯救宏大壓力下的地球和費事不斷的人類文明。布朗的B方案會有效果嗎?綠色運動大致分為兩個陣營：技術樂觀者和社會____者。像布朗這樣的每個人都提出新的方法來消費蛋白質。在開展中國家，人們通過土地運動實現土地的再分配。另一個分歧在于一些人意識到開展中的南方地區的人口壓力是最大的環境問題，而另一些人說那是富裕的北方地區的消費形式。情況越來越糟，作為一個技術樂觀者，布朗很擔憂人口問題。加之擔憂快速增長的開展中國家會照搬西方消費者的生活方式，上述觀點就成了他為綠色修復技術所寫的悼詞。他對物種滅絕，水資短缺，石油消費的最終衰落所引發的經濟動亂進展描繪，當然，也包括氣候變化。他使用了一連串令人沮喪的統計數據。由此可見，他的樂觀，不過是勉強為之。他的拯救方案?作為布朗作品的一節，標題定為“消除貧困，穩定人口”。這在很大程度土依賴于傳統的人類開展的方法：利用援助來彌補貧窮國家的收入差距。細數為實現安康、教育和減少貧困的結合國千年開展目的的本錢，布朗傳達了這樣一種感覺：一些新的財政措施，加上富裕國家的好心，這些費用不成問題。在過去____中，這是一直沿用的，但一直沒有奏效的方法。20世紀90年代，盡管人們做出無數的承諾來解決貧困，但是那些生活費一天缺乏一美元的群體在全球經濟增長中的收益比例卻下降了73%。這就是B2.0方案的癥結所在。布朗所描繪的由氣候變化引起的混亂狀態是可怕的，也是有說服力的。它展現了世界上最貧窮的人們與生物燃料產業之間不斷的爭奪食物。石油越來越責，也即將耗盡，所以生物燃料產業的任務是確保興旺國家的越野車能在道路上疾馳。工業惰性和行業游說的影響力結合在一起，使這一場景變得更加可信。近期，世界“TRACIE”組織的會談顯示：炮艦外交的經濟等價物主宰世界的運行，所以窮人在協議中仍處于優勢。對技術上的樂觀使我們往往擁有太多的信心，認為理性的討論政策可以帶來改變，卻在權利和政治這些實際問題上彷徨觀望。即使布朗的B方案可以告訴我們哪些可再生能技術可以使用，哪些糧食作物適宜種植，我們也需要另一種方式來處理好既得的經濟利益和全球金融機構的赤字問題。全球金融機構往往排擠窮人。為此.我們需要C方案。答案及精析56.B【精析】細節題。題目問的是“布朗試圖在其新書中說明什么問題?”。由文章第一段第一句“Thebestestimateofhumanity’seco—logicalfootprintsuggeststhatitnOWexceedstheEarth’sregenerativecapacitybyaround20percent.”可知：關于人類對生態的影響，最正確的估計說明：它已經超過了地球的再生才能的20%左右，這與B項內容相符。應選B。57.C【精析】推理題。題目問的是“布朗認為消費觀念假如傳人欠興旺中國家會導致什么?”。由文章第二段的最后一句“Thegiveawayishiseulogytogreentechn0—fixes.coupledwitllthefearoffast—growingdevelopingcountriescopyingWesternconsumerlifestyles.”可知：加之擔憂快速增長的開展中國家照搬西方的消費者的生活方式，上述觀點就成了他為綠色修復技術所寫的悼詞。由此可見，布朗認為消費觀念傳入欠興旺國家會導致綠色修復技術遭到破壞。應選C。58.A【精析】細節題。題目問的是“在談到布朗對于環境惡化的可怕描繪時，作者認為什么?”。由文章第三段第一句“Hisoptimism，though.appearsforcedasherollsout…”可知：他對物種滅絕，水資短缺，石油消費的最終衰落所引發的經濟動亂進展描繪，當然，也包括氣候變化。他使用了一連串令人沮喪的統計數據。由此可見，他的樂觀，不過是勉強為之。應選A。59.B【精析】詞義題。題目問的是“短語‘gunboatdiplomacy’是什么意思?”。“gunboat”意思是“炮艦”，從第四段的最后一句話“Thepoorgetabaddealbecausetheworldisl'unbytheeconomicequiva-lentofgunboatdiplomacy，…”分析^p得知，興旺國家在與不興旺國家的經濟貿易中往往采取以武力相威脅而從中獲利。應選B。60.D【精析】細節題。題目問的是“為什么作者說‘我們需要C方案’?”。由文章最后一段的第一句話“Technologicallyoptimisticvisionsoftenhavetoomuchfaiththatchangewillflowfromara—tionaldiscussionaboutsensiblepolicies，whiletiptoein