南昌工程學院英語水平考試樣卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthefollowingtopicwiththehintsgivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.ALow-carbonLifestyle1)低碳生活受到人們旳普遍歡迎。2)低碳生活方式非常有好處。3)我們應當怎樣去做。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseveralconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.1.A)Shecannotfindherpassport.B)Herpassportisinthecar.C)Herpassportismissing.D)Somebodystoleherpassport.2.A)450million.B)400million.C)550million.D)470million.3.A)Mike'sfriendsdidn'tplantogotothegame.B)Allofthemcouldn'trideinthewoman'scar.C)Mikehadascaronhisear.D)Mike'scarwasn'tavailable.4.A)She'salittletired.B)Shewantstogotothesaloon.C)Sheisgoingtolistentomusicinthelibrary.D)Sheisgoingtothelibraryforsomeinformation.5.A)Findanewrepairshop.B)Takeabustowork.C)Buyadifferentcar.D)Hireanewcar.6.A)Hisfather.B)Hismother.C)Hisbrother.D)Hissister.7.A)ThemanhasmoreworktodoonhispaperthanHenryonhis.B)ThemanhimselfwillspeaktoHenryabouthisresearchpaper.C)ThemanhasbeentalkingtoHenryabouthispaper.D)Themanhasfinishedmorethanhalfofhisresearchpaper.8.A)Shethoughttherewerenoticketsleftfortheshow.B)Shethoughttheseatsontheleftsidewerefullyoccupied.C)Theshowwasplannedalongtimeago.D)Theaudienceweredeeplyimpressedbytheshow.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)1980.B)1982.C)1984.D)1986.10.A)Itisaninlandcity.B)ItisoneofthenicestcitiesinAmerica.C)Ithasoceanandhillsaround.D)Itisaliberalcity.11.A)Shehadfinisheduphergraduateschool.B)Shewastiredoflivingthere.C)People'smindisdifferentafter911.D)Shethoughtthecitywastooliberal.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Bytrain.B)Bybus.C)Bytakingothers'car.D)Byplane.13.A)Expensive.B)Wastingtime.C)Tiring.D)Cheapandeffective.14.A)Pleasure.B)Knowledge.C)Adventure.D)A,BandC.15.A)Bytrain.B)Firstbytrain,thenhike.C)Hike.D)Withoutmention.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseveralshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyarekeptinopenprisons.B)Theyareallowedoutoftheprisongrounds.C)Theyareorderedtodocookingandcleaning.D)Theyareasmallportionoftheprisonpopulation.17.A)Someoftheirprisonersareallowedtostudyorworkoutsideprisons.B)Mostoftheirprisonersareexpectedtowork.C)Theirprisonersareoftensenttospecialcentersforskilltraining.D)Theirprisonersareallowedfreedomtovisittheirfamilies.18.A)Theyareencouragedtodomaintenanceforthetrainingcenter.B)Mostofthemgetpaidfortheirwork.C)Theyhavetocooktheirownmeals.D)Theycanchoosetodocommunitywork.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Whichhadasmallyard.B)Downstairs.C)Upstairs.D)Onthegroundfloor.20.A)Theirneighborsweremakingabignoisetoo.B)Theirneighborsdidnotlikethehouse.C)Theywereluckybecausetheydidnotmovedownstairs.D)Thepolicewerecoming.21.A)Thenoisecamefromupstairs.B)Theyweredancingdownstairs.C)Peoplewerebeatingdrumseverywhere.D)Thepoliceweremakingabignoise.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)ThelongdistancebetweenhishometownandNewYork.B)Hisunpopularcharacter.C)ThehighunemploymentrateinNewYork.D)Hiscriminalrecord.23.A)Hewantedtobeputinprisonagain.B)Heneededthemoneytosupporthisfamily.C)Hehatedthebarberthere.D)Hewantedtomakehimselfwellknown.24.A)Hewentdirectlytothepolicestation.B)Hedroveoutofthetownandtriedtoescape.C)Hewaitedforthepolicetoarresthim.D)Hearguedwiththepoliceangrily.25.A)Mr.Spearsenjoyedlivinginprison.B)Mr.Spearswasknownasagreedymaninhiscommunity.C)ThepoliceinNewYorkwerenotveryefficient.D)TheonlywayforMr.Spearstosupporthisfamilywasbygoingtoprisonagain.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Thefirsttruepieceofsportsequipment(26)_________________wastheball.InancientEgypt,aseverywhere,pitchingstoneswasa(27)_________________.Butabadlythrownrock(28)_________________.Lookingforsomethinglessdangeroustothrow,theEgyptiansmade(29)___________________________________________________.Atfirst,balls(30)_________________heldtogetherbyvines.Latertheyweremadeofpiecesofanimalskinsewedtogetherand(31)_________________.EventhoughtheEgyptianswerewarlike,they(32)_________________.Beforelongtheyhaddevelopedanumberofballgames,(33)_________________.Perhapstheyplayedball(34)___________________________________________________.Ballplayingwasthoughtofmainlyasawaytoteachyoungmenthespeedandskill(35)_________________.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36-45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewstudyhasfoundthat36halfofteensages16and17whoowncellphoneshavetalkedonthephonewhiledriving.Aboutone-thirdofthosesameteenshave37behindthewheel.These38werefoundbythePewResearchCenter'sInternetandAmericanLifeProject,which39800teenslastsummer.During40groupsitwasfoundthatsometeenswouldn't41thedangerofusingacellphonewhiledriving.Otherssaidtheythoughtitwasunsafeandthattheirparents42inthepracticemostoften.Someteenssaidthatadesiretostay43withfriendspromptsthemtousetheircellphoneswhentheydrive.Toreducethedanger,44,theysaidtheyhaveapassengertextforthem,onlytextatredlights,orholdthephoneuphighsotheycankeeptheireyes45theroad.A)interviewedB)textedC)focusD)acknowledgeE)offF)conflictsG)connectedH)engageI)substantiallyJ)approximatelyK)comprisedL)statisticsM)onN)howeverO)settingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymatchingthecorrespondingletterwitheachstatement.A)Manyofthe1.5millionchildrenintheU.S.whoseparentsdivorceeveryyearfeelasiftheirworldsarefallingapart.Divorcingparentsareusuallyveryconcernedaboutthewelfareoftheirchildrenduringthistroublesomeprocess.Someparentsaresoworriedthattheyremaininunhappymarriages,believingitwillprotecttheirchildrenfromthehurtofdivorce.Yetparentswhosplithavereasonsforhope.Researchershavefoundthatonlyarelativelysmallpercentageofchildrenexperienceseriousproblemsinthefollowingdaysofdivorceor,later,asadults.B)Divorceaffectsmostchildrenintheshortrun,butresearchsuggeststhatkidsrecoverrapidlyaftertheinitialblow.InastudypsychologistE.MavisHetheringtonandherstudentAnneMitchellElmorefoundthatmanychildrenexperienceshort-termnegativeeffectsfromdivorce,especiallyanxiety,anger,shockanddisbelief.Thesereactionstypicallydiminishordisappearbytheendofthesecondyear.Onlyaminorityofkidssufferlonger.C)Mostchildrenofdivorcealsodowellinthelongerterm.Inaquantitativereviewoftheliteraturein,sociologistPaulR.Amatoexaminedthepossibleeffectsonchildrenseveralyearsafteradivorce.Thestudiescomparedchildrenofmarriedparentswiththosewhoexperienceddivorceatdifferentages.Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesekidsintolaterchildhood,adolescenceortheteenageyears,assessingtheiracademicachievement,emotionalandbehaviorproblems,delinquency(少年犯罪),self-conceptandsocialrelationships.Onaverage,thestudiesfoundonlyverysmalldifferencesonallthesemeasuresbetweenchildrenofdivorcedparentsandthosefromunbrokenfamilies,suggestingthatthevastmajorityofchildrenenduredivorcewell.D)Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthathighlevelsofparentalconflictduringandafteradivorceareassociatedwithpooreradjustmentinchildren.Theeffectsofconflictbeforetheseparation,however,maybethereverseinsomecases.Ina1985studyHetheringtonandherassociatesreportedthatsomechildrenwhoareexposedtohighlevelsofmaritalconflictpriortodivorceadjustbetterthanchildrenwhoexperiencelowlevels.Apparentlywhenmaritalconflictiscovered,childrenareoftenunpreparedwhentoldabouttheupcomingdivorce.Theyaresurprised,perhapseventerrified,bythenews.Inaddition,childrenfromhigh-conflictfamiliesmayexperiencethedivorceasawelcomerelieffromtheirparents'fighting.E)Takentogether,thefindingssuggestthatonlyasmallpercentageofyoungpeopleexperiencedivorce-relatedproblems.SometroublesmayarisefromconflictbetweenMomandDadassociatedwiththedivorce.Thestressofthesituationcanalsocausethequalityofparentingtosuffer.Divorcefrequentlycontributestodepression,anxietyorsubstanceabuseinoneorbothparentsandmaybringaboutdifficultiesinbalancingworkandchildrearing.Theseproblemscandamageaparent'sabilitytoofferchildrenstabilityandlovewhentheyaremostinneed.F)Theexperienceofdivorcecanalsocreateproblemsthatdonotappearuntilthelateteenageyearsoradulthood.IninabookentitledTheUnexpectedLegacyofDivorce:A25YearLandmarkStudy,JudithWallersteinandhercolleaguespresentdetailedcasestudiessuggestingthatmostadultswhowerechildrenofdivorceexperienceseriousproblemssuchasdepressionandrelationshipissues.G)Yetscientificresearchdoesnotsupporttheviewthatproblemsinadulthoodarepopular;itinsteaddemonstratesthatmostchildrenofdivorcebecomewell-adjustedadults.Forexample,inabook,Hetheringtonandherco-authorJohnKellydescribea25-yearstudyinwhichHetheringtonfollowedchildrenofdivorceandchildrenofparentswhostayedtogether.Shefoundthat25percentoftheadultswhoseparentshaddivorcedexperiencedserioussocial,emotionalorpsychologicaltroublescomparedwith10percentofthosewhoseparentsremainedtogether.Thesefindingssuggestthatonly15percentofadultchildrenofdivorceexperienceproblemsoverandabovethosefromstablefamilies.Nooneknowswhetherthisdifferenceiscausedbythedivorceitselforbysomechangeablefactors,suchaspoorerparenting,thatoftenaccompanyamarriage'sending.H)Inareviewarticlein,psychologistsJoanB.Kelly,Calif.,andRobertE.Emeryconcludedthattherelationshipsofadultswhoseparents'marriagesfaileddotendtobesomewhatmoreproblematicthanthoseofchildrenfromstablehomes.Forinstance,peoplewhoseparentssplitwhentheywereyoungexperiencemoredifficultyformingandsustainingintimaterelationshipsasyoungadults,greaterdissatisfactionwiththeirmarriages,ahigherdivorceratecomparedwithadultsfromsustainedmarriages.Onallothermeasures,differencesbetweenthetwogroupsweresmall.I)Eventhoughchildrenofdivorcegenerallydowell,anumberoffactorscanreducetheproblemstheymightexperience.Childrenlivebetterifparentscanlimitconflictassociatedwiththedivorceprocessorminimizethechild'sexposuretoit.Further,childrenwholiveinthecustody(監護)ofatleastonewell-functioningparentdobetterthanthosewhoseprimaryparentisdoingpoorly.Inthelattersituation,themaladjusted(心理失調旳)parentshouldseekprofessionalhelporconsiderlimitinghisorhertimewiththechild.Parentscanalsosupporttheirchildrenduringthisdifficulttimebytalkingtothemclearlyaboutthedivorceanditsimplicationsandansweringtheirquestionsfully.J)Other,moregeneralaspectsofgoodparentingcanalsoreduceagainstdivorce-relateddifficultiesinchildren.Parentsshouldprovidewarmthandemotionalsupport,andtheyshouldcloselymonitortheirchildren'sactivities.Theyshouldalsodeliverdisciplinethatisneitheroverlytolerant；noroverlystrict.Otherfactorscontributingtochildren'sadjustmentincludepostdivorceeconomicstabilityandsocialsupportfrompeersandotheradults,suchasteachers.K)Inaddition,certaincharacteristicsofthechildcaninfluencehisorheradaptability.Childrenwithaneasygoingtemperamenttendtolivebetter.Copingstylesalsomakeadifference.Forexample,childrenwhoaregoodproblemsolversandwhoseeksocialsupportaremoreadaptablethanthosewhorelyondistractionandavoidance.Statements:46.Ifchildrenareunawareofhighconflictsbetweentheirparents,theyareoftensurprisedevenhorrifiedwhentheyhearthenewsofdivorce.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]47.Mostchildrenexperienceshort-termnegativeeffectsfromtheirparents'divorceandrecoverbytheendofthesecondyear.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]48.Parentscan'tofferchildrengoodrearingbecauseoftheirconflictsassociatedwiththedivorce.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]49.AccordingtopsychologistsJoanB.KellyandRobertE.Emery,therelationshipsofadultsfromdivorcedfamiliesarecertaintobemoreproblematicthanthoseofchildrenfromstablefamiliesinsomeaspects.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]50.Goodparentingonmoregeneralaspectscanalsoreducechildren'sdifficultiesrelatedtodivorce.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]51.HetheringtonandJohnkelly'sstudysuggestsonly15%ofadultchildrenofdivorceexperienceproblemsmorethanthosewhoseparentsremainedtogether.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]52.Anumberoffactorscanhelpchildrenofdivorcedparentsreducesomepossibleproblemstheymightencounter.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]53.Children'scharacteristicscaninfluencetheirabilitiestoadapttothenewsituation.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]54.Researchershavefoundthatdivorceisnotsohorribletochildrenasparentsworried.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]55.Theinvestigatorshaveassessed5aspectsofcertainchildrenofmarriedanddivorcedparents,andfoundnobigdifferencesbetweenthem.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G][H][I][J][K]SectionCDirections:Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak’sdecisiontofileforbankruptcyprotectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency,”thatexplanationdoesn’tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm—andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn’tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporateculturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak’sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.56.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?A)ItisapproachingitsdownfallB)ItinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmindustryC)ItwentbankruptallofasuddenD)Itisplayingadominantroleinthefilmmarket57.WhydoestheauthormentionKodak’sinventionofthefirstdigitalcamera?A)Toshowitsefforttoovercomecomplacency.B)ToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan’sFujiphotoC)ToshowitsearlyattempttoreinventitselfD)Toshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalrevolution58.Whydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewmarkets?A)TheyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriouspastB)TheyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingassetsC)TheytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewchallengesD)Theyareunwillingtoinvestinnewtechnology59.WhatdoestheauthorsayKodak’shistoryhasbecome?A)AchallengeB)AburdenC)AjokeD)Amirror60.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?A)ItsfailuretoseeFujiphoto’semergenceB)ItsblindfaithintraditionalphotographyC)ItsoverconfidenceinitscorporatecultureD)Itsrefusaltosponsorthe1984OlympicsPassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdowethinkwith?Onlythebrain?Hardly.Thebrainislikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboard,butnotthewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignals,makeproperconnections,andsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficientservice,thebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthe"mind"?Isitinthebrain?Orperhapsinthenervoussystem?Afterall,canwesaythatthemindisinanyparticularplace?Itisnotathing,likealeg,oreventhebrain.Itisafunction,anactivity.Aristotle,twenty-threehundredyearsago,observedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax.Whentheaxisnotinuse,thereisnocutting.Sowiththemind."Mind,"saidCharlesH.Woolbert,"iswhatthebodyisdoing."Ifthisactivityisnecessaryforthinking,itisalsonecessaryforcarryingthoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessofordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly(費力旳),youhaveasurpriseinstore,forgoodconversationalistsarealmostconstantlyinmotion.Theirhead