ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION語法DiscoveringUsefulStructures語法DiscoveringtherulesPart1DirectSpeechVSIndirectSpeechWhatcanyoufindout?DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech1“Ilostthekeytoyourbike,”Bobsaidtome.Bobtoldmethathehadlostthekeytomybike.2HeaskedMary,

“Doyouwanttogototheconcertwithme?”HeaskedMaryif/whethershewantedtogo

totheconcertwithhim.3“Whydon'tyoutellmethenewshere?”FranzsaidtoLily.FranzaskedLilywhyshedidn'ttellhimthe

newsthere.4“Writeyouranswersonyour

papers.”

the

teachersaidtohisstudents.Theteachertoldhisstudentstowritetheir

answersontheirpapers.DirectSpeech：

原封不動引用原話（放在引號內）；IndirectSpeech：

用自己的話加以轉述（不放在引號內）成陳述句。DirectSpeechVSIndirectSpeechWhatcanyoufindout?DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech1“Ilostthekeytoyourbike,”Bobsaidtome.Bobtoldmethathehadlostthekeytomybike.2HeaskedMary,

“Doyouwanttogototheconcertwithme?”HeaskedMaryif/whethershewantedtogo

totheconcertwithhim.3“Whydon'tyoutellmethenewshere?”FranzsaidtoLily.FranzaskedLilywhyshedidn'ttellhimthe

newsthere.4“Writeyouranswersonyour

papers.”

the

teachersaidtohisstudents.Theteachertoldhisstudentstowritetheir

answersontheirpapers.陳述句一般疑問句特殊疑問句祈使句DirectSpeech?IndirectSpeech：時態、人稱代詞、限定詞、語序都發生變化StudyingtherulesPart2一、連接詞：陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變成間接引語的時都轉化為賓語從句，賓語從句必須用陳述語序。thathelikedplayingbasketballverymuch.

Theboysaid,“Ilikeplayingbasketballvery

much.”Theboysaid直接引語間接引語陳述句用連詞_____引導that,

that可以省略一、連接詞：陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變成間接引語的時都轉化為賓語從句，賓語從句必須用陳述語序。whether/ifhelikedplayingbasketball.Theteacheraskedtheboy,“Doyoulike

playingbasketball?”Theteacheraskedtheboy直接引語間接引語陳述句用連詞_____引導一般疑問句用連詞______或_______引導thatthat可以省略ifwhether一、連接詞：陳述句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變成間接引語的時都轉化為賓語從句，賓語從句必須用陳述語序。whyshedidn'ttellhimthenewsthere.“Whydon'tyoutellmethenewshere?”FranzsaidtoLily.FranzaskedLily原來的疑問詞直接引語間接引語陳述句用連詞_____引導一般疑問句用連詞______或_______引導特殊疑問句用_______________引導thatthat可以省略ifwhether原來的疑問詞二、人稱變化：直接引語變為間接引語時，人稱的變化遵循這樣的規則：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。(1)“一隨主”。若直接引語中有第一人稱，變間接引語時應與主句中主語的人稱相一致。thatherbrotherwantedtogowithher.Bettysaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowith

me.”Bettysaid二、人稱變化：(2)“二隨賓”。若直接引語中有第二人稱，變間接引語時應與主句中賓語的人稱相一致。ifhehadwatchedthe

footballmatch.SheaskedJohn,“Haveyouwatchedthe

footballmatch?”SheaskedJohn二、人稱變化：(3)“第三人稱不更新”。直接引語中的第三人稱變間接引語時不需要變化。Paulwasanexperiencedworker.“Paulisanexperiencedworker,”saidthemanager.Themanagersaid溫馨提示需要注意的是，物主代詞也要隨主語的變化而改變。thathernotebookwason

hisdesk.MrSmithsaidtoDora,“Yournotebookison

mydesk.”MrSmithtoldDora三、時態變化：客觀真理句時態不變。時態前移三、時態變化：thatshehadfinishedwritingthereport.

Helensaid,“I'vefinishedwritingthereport.”Helensaid

三、時態變化：thathisfatherhadcometopickhimup.Theboysaid,“Myfathercametopickme

up.”Helensaid

三、時態變化：thathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbefore

supper.”Helensaid

四、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等的變化四、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等的變化thathewasgoingtoseeafilmthatevening.

Hesaid,“Iamgoingtoseeafilmthisevening.”Helensaid

四、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等的變化Hisfriendaskedwherehehadhadapicnicthedaybefore.

“Wheredidyouhaveapicnicyesterday?”askedhisfriend.五、直接引語是祈使句祈使句通常表示要求或命令，變間接引語時常用tell/order/commandsbtodosth的形式。若為否定祈使句，變間接引語時不定式前加not或never。Theyasked(us)to

workhard.They:“WorkHard!”Whathaveyoulearnt?祈使句Thegirl:“Don’tsaythiswordagain.”Thegirlaskednotto

saythatwordagain.Howtochangeintoindirectspeech?小變身：句式1---陳述句shealwaysuses

herlothbagwhenshe

goesshopping.Michellesaidtome:“IalwaysusemyclothbagwhenIgoshopping.”Michelletoldme(that)直接引語中的動詞如果是saidtosb.,在間接引語中則變為toldsb.(that)。Howtochangeintoindirectspeech?she

wantstobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Martha:“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”MarthasaidAttention:當引語是客觀真理、諺語格言、動詞時態是一般現在時時，從句時態無須改變。Howtochangeintoindirectspeech?小變身：句式2---一般疑問句if/whetherscientists

woulddiscover

newspeciesthere.Vincent:“Willscientistsdiscovernewspecieshere?”Vincentasked主語+asked（sb.)+if/whether；間接引語都是陳述句，if/whether后面調整為“主語+謂語”語序，“？”變成“.”。Howtochangeintoindirectspeech?小變身：句式3---特殊疑問句howmany

animals

haddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Laura:“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”Lauraasked間接引語都是陳述句，特殊疑問詞后面調整為“主語+謂語”語序，“？”變成“.”。2.主語+asked

（sb.)+特殊疑問詞；ApplyingtherulesPart3Practice1Volunteers:“Weplantedtreesonthesebarrensandyplotslastyear.”

Theysaid________________________treeson

________barrensandyplotstheyear________.2.Sarah:“Areyouinterestedinbuyinganelectriccar?”Sarahaskedme________________________interestedinbuyinganelectriccar.theyifhadplantedthoseIambeforePractice23.“Whoisresponsibleforglobalwarming?”hesaid.He________________________responsibleforglobalwarming.4.“Stopusingdisposablechopsticks,Charlie.”hesaid.He________Charlie________________usingdisposablechopsticks.askedaskedwhotostopisPractice35.She:“Haveyouexperiencedheavysmogwhereyoulive?”Sheasked________

________________experiencedheavysmogwhere________live.6.“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopicthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme________________________________asensitivetopic________days.ifwhyIhadnuclearwasIthosepowerConclusionPart4DirectSpeech?IndirectSpeech三變詞變時變句變人稱代詞：1?3；2?1；3?3指示代詞：this?

that;these?those(近指?遠指）時間狀語：now?then地點狀語：here?there所有時態后移，如一般過去時?過去完成時陳述句：××said(that)....一般疑問句：××asked+if/whether+陳述語序.特殊疑問句：××asked+特殊疑問詞+陳述語序.祈使句：××asked/told/ordered(sb.)(not)todo

××suggest+(not)V-ing.HomeworkPart5常規作業：將下列句子轉換為間接引語。“Iamhavingsupperhere.”hesaid.Hesaid________________________________________2.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow.”shesaid.Sheasked______________________________________3.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthat________________________________4.He:“Howdidyoufindit,Mother?”Heaskedhismother_______________________________5.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?hesaid.He____________________________________________hewashavingsupperthere.menottolookoutofthewindow.hecouldsitthere.toldhowshehadfoundit.askedifIhadreadthebooktheweekbefore.進階作業：請將這些句子轉換成間接引語"I'vebeenavolunteerfor17yearsandIwilltakethisasmotivationtocontinuehelpingyouthunderstandandprotectmothernature,"saidWangPing,fromQinghaiProvince,whoworksinagreenlivingteam.

WangPingsaid_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

shehadbeenavolunteerfor17yearsandshewouldtakethatasmotivationtocontinuehelpingyouthunderstandandprotectmothernature.

"Thisisrecognitionformyeight-yearvolunteeringserviceinprotectingbiodiversity.Iwillfulfillmydutyandencourage