Unit3THEINTERNETGrammar:ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice1.WehaveseenthemovieFastandFurious8already.2.ShehaslearnedEnglishsinceshewasfive.3.TherearecountlessarticlestellingushowtheInternethasmadeourlivesmoreconvenient.4.ButtheInternethasdonemuchmoreforpeoplethansimplymakelifemoreconvenient.5.Hercompanyhasbecomequitesuccessful.6.JanhasstartedtakingonlineclassestolearnmoreabouthowtousetheInternettomakesocietybetter.現在完成時現在完成時定義結構句型1表示

開始，一直持續到

的動作。

過去現在現在完成時概念1：for:后接一段時間，如threeyears,alongtime…e.g.Ihaveknownyouforalongtime.since:自從…后接過去的時間點/動作e.g.Ihavenotseenhimsincewemetlastweek.AB常用的時間狀語有：I_____________English____________________.2.我已經學了10多年的英語。havelearnedfor

overtenyears1.我認識李雷三年了.I’veknownLiLei_______________.______________________.for

threeyearssince

threeyearsagoPractice:Finishthesentences2表示

發生的或

的動作對

造成的

。Pastpresent過去已完成現在影響或結果e.g.1.I

havejustopened

thedoor.

(Thedoorisnotclosednow.）

現在完成時概念2：常用的時間狀語有：◆常與不確定的時間狀語連用，如:thesedays,uptonow,bynow,lately,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,recently,sofar,inthepastfewyears等,表示“到目前為止”所發生的動作.e.g.

1）JaneandMike

have

read

HarryPottermanytimes.

2）Mikehasbeen

toDisneylandtwice.

發生過若干次3.現在完成時用于談論

的事情.現在完成時概念3：never,twice,threetimes,manytimes等常用的時間狀語有：

現在完成時謂語動詞的構成

1have/has和以前一樣選擇：當主語是____________

用has,

用have第三人稱單數其他人稱2done在現在完成時中叫

，原型是do/does。過去分詞have/has+done肯定式主語+have/has+過去分詞+其它否定式主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其它一般問句Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其它特殊疑問句疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其它現在完成時的基本結構助動詞在主語后助動詞在主語前11TranslatethemintoEnglish.1.你以前做過風箏嗎?2.我從來沒有見過這么奇怪的人．3.到現在你學了多少英語單詞?4.這部電影他已經看過5遍了.5.最近有沒有讀一些有趣的書?6.自從她搬到上海以后,我就沒見過她.Haveyoumadeakitebefore?I’veneverseensuchastrangeman.HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearnedsofar?Hehasalreadyseenthisfilm5times.Haveyoureadanyinterestingbooksrecently?Ihaven’tmethersinceshemovedtoShanghai.

被動語態構成：be＋及物動詞的過去分詞。用法：(1)動作的執行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態，

(2)當強調動作的承受者時,用被動語態,如:Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.現在完成時+被動語態=？Discovering現在完成時肯定式have/has

done否定式have/hasnot

done一般疑問句have/has+主語+

done特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+

donebeenbeenbeenbeen(PassiveVoice)練習Wehavealreadyinvitedthesinger.Thesingerhasalreadybeeninvited.Thesingerhasnotbeeninvitedyet.Hasthesingerbeeninvited?Whohasbeeninvited?被動否定一般疑問對賓語提問①ThefirstsubwaytocrosstheYangtzeRiver.第一條橫穿長江的地鐵已經開工。(肯定式)②Whenandwheretospendourholidayyet.我們還沒決定何時去何地度假。(否定式)③theconstructionoftheunderwatertunnel?水下隧道的建造完工了嗎?(一般疑問式)④partsofGansuProvincebystrongwindsandheavysnowfallinthepasttwodays?在過去的兩天里,甘肅省的什么地方受到了大風和大雪侵襲?(特殊疑問式)hasbeenstartedhasn’tbeendecidedHasbeenfinishedWhathavebeenhit現在完成時被動語態的解題步驟1.找時：找與現在完成相對應的時間狀語；2.圈主：主語與動詞構成被動關系；3.定謂：確定謂動形式：have/has(not)beendone。1A:Whycan'tIaccessmyaccount?B:____yourpersonalinformation____________(update)?2Bothlearningsites_______________(visit)byover10,000peoplesincelastyear.3Thiskeyboard_______________(notuse)foralongtime.4Canyoutellmewhat____________(do)tobridgethedigitaldivide?5InthepastyearI_______________(inspire)tobuye-booksinsteadofpaperbooks.6A:WherecanIreadthosecomments?B:Online.They_______________(post)already.7Itseemsthatmorehealthproblems_______________(cause)bymobilephones.8Thatapp______________(delete)frommysmartphonealready.Hasbeenupdatedhavebeenvisitedhasnotbeenusedhasbeendonehavebeeninspired1Completethesentenceswiththepresentperfectpassivevoiceofthegivenverbs.WORKBOOKP.74havebeenpostedhavebeencausedhasbeendeleted2Findandcorrectthemistakeineachsentence.EXAMPLEThisapp∧wasusedseveraltimessinceIdownloadedit.hasbeen1Howmuchmoneyhasspentontheearthquakerecovery?2Thegirlisreallyupsetbecausehernewbicyclehasstolen.3Theseoldhouseshavebeenbuiltinthe18thcentury.4It'sapitythattheletterhasneversenttohisfather.5Littlehadbeenseenofthemsincetheymovedintothehousedownthestreet.∧been∧beenwerebuilt(有表明確的過去時間的狀語)∧beenhas(含有since引導的狀語)P.743Readthenewspaperheadlines.Changethemintocompletesentencesastheexample.EXAMPLEE-libraryonSchoolWebsite—forStudents→Ane-libraryforstudentshasbeensetupontheschoolwebsite.1Boy'sVideoStreamedoverTwoMillionTimes25RecordsBrokenToday3IntelligentSearchEngineDesignedforTeenagers4TheftofLargeAmountofCashfromSmallBank5STUDENTS:30%DiscountonSmartphones6GovernmentDoneMuchtoStopCyberbulliesMuchhasbeendonebythegovernmenttostopcyberbullies.Aboy'svideohasbeenstreamedovertwomilliontimes.Fiverecordshavebeenbrokentoday.Anintelligentsearchenginehasbeendesignedforteenagers.Alargeamountofcashhasbeenstolenfromasmallbank.A30%discounthasbeenoffered/givenonsmartphonestostudents.P.744Completethenoticewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.NoticetoparentsDearParents,Wehopeyouwillwelcomethisnews.Almost100computers______________(give)tousbyalocalcomputercompanysincetheendoflastyear.Adecision____________(make)tobeginacomputerteachingexperimentatourschool.Ourplan________________(support)withtechnicalequipmentandadvicewhich_______________(provide)bytheCityInformationTechnologyCentre.Everyteacher_______________(provide)withalaptopsincethebeginningofthisterm.Morerecently,mostofourcourses______________(teach)usingcomputers.We_______________(help)inourteachingbyalotofinformationfromtheInternet.Also,anewcomputerroom_____________(setup)inourschool.Wehopeyouwillbehappywiththisexcitingnewdevelopmentinourschool.No.8SeniorHighSchoolhavebeengivenhasbeenmadehasbeensupportedhasbeenprovidedhasbeenprovidedhavebeentaughthavebeenhelpedhasbeensetupP.746Thepresentperfectpassivevoiceisoftenusedinformalsituationssuchasarticlesorspeeches.Below,aheadmasterismakingaspeech.Helphimcompleteit.NamePrizeforWangXiaodingbestinscienceWuLeitopscoresallyearLiLiexcellentclassmonitorZhangHongmostwell-behavedstudentintheclassHi,everyone!Theprizesthisyearhavebeenawarded(獎勵)tofourstudentsfortheiroutstandingwork.It_______________(decide)thattheBestinScienceprizewillgototoWangXiaoding,WuLeil_______________(award)theprizeforgettingthehighestscoresinthetestsallyear.Shedeservesthisprizeforallherhardwork.LiLi______________(name)...hasbeendecidedhasbeenawardedhasbeennamedP.741.非延續性動詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構成的現在完成時的被動語態不能和一段時間狀語連用。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.這項工作于兩周前被完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.

這項工作已經被完成。現在完成時態被動語態運用注意2.短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在被動結構中要

保持完整性，不可以省略動詞短語中的介詞或副詞。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.據說已經調查了這個問題。3.注意現在完成時的被動語態中的兩個助動詞，即have/has

和been，兩者缺一不可。4.帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變為被動語態時，將間接賓語變為主語，若將直接賓語變為主語時，間接賓語前面要用相應的介詞短語。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.

→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.5.副詞的位置：often,usually,always,never,

hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間6.只有及物動詞才有被動語態形式，但不是所有的及物動詞

都是如此，如某些表示狀態或表示關系的動詞或短語只有主動

語態，而無被動語態。

常見的這類動詞有：cost(花費),

fit(適合),have(有),

hold(容納),lack(缺乏),own(占有),suit(適合),fail(失敗),

last(持續),happen(發生),occur(發生),takeplace(發生),breakout(爆發),belongto(屬于),agreewith(同意)e.g.

(1)TaiwanbelongstoChina.(2)Thecoatcostme￥300.主動態被動態一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時現在進行時過去進行時現在完成時過去完成時時態語態do/doesam/is/are+done

didwas/were+doneshall/willdoshall/will+bedoneam/is/aredoingam/is/are+beingdonewas/weredoingwas/were+beingdonehas/havedonehas/have+beendonehaddonehad+beendone[實戰演練]Ⅰ.單句填空1.Whenyougetthepapersback,payspecialattentiontowhat

(mark).

2.Inrecentyearsmanysportsclubs

(run)tomakeaprofit.

3.IwanttobuythiskindofclothbecauseI

(tell)thattheclothwasheswell.

4.Overthepasttenyears,thistown

(hit)twicebyearthquakes.

hasbeenmarkedhavebeenrunhavebe