北京市西城區(qū)2018年高三模擬測試英語本試卷共9頁，共120分。考試時長100分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項填空（共 15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：It’ssonictoehearfromheragain. ,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A．What’smore B．That’stosayC．Inotherwords D．Believeitornot答案是D。—Ted’sflightfromAmsterdamtookmorethan11hours.He beverytiredaftersuchalongtrip.—Yes,especiallyafterworkingallnightbeforetheflight.A.must B.need C.might D.dare【答案】A【翻譯】----泰德的飛機從阿姆斯特丹起飛，飛了11個多小時。這么長時間的路途 ，他一定特別累。---是的,尤其是在起飛之前工作了一整晚。【解析】此題考查情態(tài)動詞 ;must一定;必定,表示有證據(jù)的推測 ;need必須;需要;might也許,表示不確定的推測;dare意思是敢。故正確答案是 A。 thereisstillalongwaytogo,webelievethatthedoctor-patientrelationshipinChinaisgraduallyimproving.A.Because B.Unless C.Although D.Once【答案】C【翻譯】雖然仍有很長的路要走 ，但是我們相信，在中國，醫(yī)患之間的關系正逐步提升。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z【解析】此題考查狀語從句中的讓步狀語從句;空格所在句為從句,根據(jù)句意,從句是主句的讓步狀語從句,although表示雖然、盡管；because表示因為;unless表示除非；once表示一旦；故正確答案是 C。Anewengineerwasappointedtodealwiththeproducts bycustomers.A.returning B.returned C.toreturn D.return【答案】B【翻譯】一位新的工程師被任命去處理被消費者退回的產品。 【解析】此題考查非謂語；邏輯主語為產品,與return之間是被動關系,故正確答案是 B。Astronomershavediscoveredthatthreeplanetshavesizesandtemperaturessimilarto ofEarth.A.them B.these C.those D.ones【答案】C【翻譯】天文學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了三顆在大小和氣溫上跟地球類似的星球。 【解析】此題考查代詞；空格位置缺失的是 thesizeandtemperature,the加多個名詞相當于代詞 those。故正確答案是 C。—Honey,shallweadoptadog?—Adoptingapetdependson wehavetheabilitytocareforit.Actually,wearesobusy.A.that B.whether C.which D.what【答案】B【翻譯】---親愛的，我們養(yǎng)條狗吧？---養(yǎng)狗取決于我們是否有能力照顧好它,實際上,我們很忙。【解析】此題考查名詞性從句;主句不完整 ,從句雖完整 ,但缺少意思“是否”。故正確答案是 B。 yourstrengthsandweaknesseswillhelpyouachieveyourdreams.A.Known B.Know C.Knowing D.Beingknown【答案】C【翻譯】了解你的長處和短處會幫助你取得成功。【解析】此題考查非謂語；空格所在成分做了主語，能夠作主語的非謂語形式是 todo和doing以及它們的被動形式。故正確答案是 Q—Mom,isDadcomingtopickusup?—Yes,Iamsureheontheplatformwhenwepullintothestation.A.stands B.stoodC.hasstood D.willbestanding【答案】D【翻譯】----媽媽，爸爸會來接我們嗎？----是的，我確定當我們進站的時候，他會站在站臺上。【解析】此題考查時態(tài)；通過時間狀語從句whenwepullintothestation, 反觀謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，主將從現(xiàn)，主句要用將來。故正確答案是 QWithascienceproject,Kevinspenthisentireweekendinthelibrary.A.tocomplete B.havingcompletedC.completing D.completed【答案】A【翻譯】因為有個科學項目要完成 ，所以凱文整個星期都待在圖書里。【解析】此題考查非謂語；邏輯主語是凱文，和complete動作之間的關系是主動的，花費了一整個星期是要去完成這個項目的，表目的。故正確答案是 AoThemomentIlearnedtheresultsofthecompetitionwasoneofthehappiesttimesinmylife.A.which B.when C.where D.why【答案】B【翻譯】我得知比賽結果的那刻是我生命中最開心的時刻之一。【解析】此題考查定語從句 ；主句完整，從句也完整，themoment表時間。故正確答案是 B。Lastyear,everyemployeeinourcompanyaphysicalexaminationfreeofcharge.A.offered B.wasofferedC.hasoffered D.hadbeenoffered【答案】B【翻譯】去年，我們公司的每一個雇員都獲得了一份免費體檢。【解析】此題考查時態(tài)；主語employee和ofer提供之間是被動關系。時間狀語是去年，為過去的時間。故正確答案是Bo-It'ssoconvenienttousecellphonestopaythesubwayfare.—Yes.thoughtoftheideaisreallybrilliant.A.Wherever B.Whenever C.Whatever D.Whoever【答案】D【翻譯】---用手機去支付地鐵費用很方便。---是的，不論是誰想出的這個主意真的是太贊了。【解析】此題考查名詞性從句；本題主句缺失主語，從句也缺失了主語。 想出主意的應該是“人”，所以空格處應該填的是whoever,故正確答案是DoUponarrivinghome,Lilyfoundthatherhusbandabeautifulcandlelightdinner.A.hadprepared B.ispreparing C.haspreparedD.wouldprepare【答案】A【翻譯】回到家，莉莉就發(fā)現(xiàn)她老公準備了美麗的燭光晚餐。【解析】此題考查時態(tài)；根據(jù)主句已知的謂語動詞 found可以判斷出時間為過去時。當莉莉發(fā)現(xiàn)的時候 ，燭光晚餐已經(jīng)準備好了，所以prepare發(fā)生在found之前，過去的過去，用過去完成時。故正確答案是 A。When,thenewbridgewillreducetraveltimebetweenthetwocitiesfromtwohourstothirtyminutes.A.built B.building C.build D.tobuildI【答案】A【翻譯】當新橋建好，就會將兩個城市之間的行程時間從 2個小時減少到30分鐘。【解析】此題考查非謂語；邏輯主語是thenewbridge,與buid動作之間是被動關系，故正確答案是A。Ifithadnotbeenforthekindguide,weourwayinthemountains.

A.wouldloseB.hadlostC.wouldhavelostD.lostA.wouldloseB.hadlostC.wouldhavelostD.lost【答案】C【翻譯】要不是這個好心的向導 ，我們就會在山里迷路。【解析】此題考查虛擬語氣 ；空格挖在主句里，“要不是這個好心的向導，我們就會在山里迷路”從句意表達來看表示對過去情況的假設，故正確答案是Co—Bythetimewetothemovietheater,theticketsmaybesoldout.-Don'tworry.ItoldJanewemightbelateandshewillbuyourtickets.A.got????????????????????B.hadgot????????????????C.willget D.get【答案】D【翻譯】一等我們到了電影院，票也許就賣光了。---不要擔心。我告訴過簡我們］也許會遲到，她會給我們買著票。【解析】此題考查時態(tài)；等我們到達電影院，票也許就賣光了，主句用了情態(tài)動詞表示將來的意思 ，主將從現(xiàn)時間狀語從句用現(xiàn)在時間表示將來的意思。故正確答案是 Do第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。BeCool...StayinSchool!Intheeighthgrade,Iwasstudent-bodypresidentofErwinMiddleSchoolinAsheville.Iconsideredthisquitean16sincetherewereover1,000studentsintheschool.Attheendoftheyear,Iwasaskedtomakeaspeechattheceremonywheremyclasswas17tohighschool.Iknewthishadtobemorethanjustthebriefcommentsastudentmight18give.We'retheclassofMillennium（千禧年）， 19Iwantedmyspeechtobeasspecialaswewere.Ispentseveralnightslyinginbed,20aboutwhattosay.Manythingscrossedmymind,butnoneofthem21allmyclassmates.Thenonenight,it22me.ErwinHighSchoolhasthehighest23rateofanyhighschoolinourcounty.Whatbettergoalcouldwehavethanforeverysingleoneofusto24?ThespeechIgaveongraduationdaywasonly12minuteslong,butwhatitstartedwas25.WhenIannouncedthechallengetomyclassmates,theentireaudience,includingtheparentsandteachers,brokeintoapplause.AsIshowedthepersonalizedcertificatesandsignseachstudentwouldget,Icould26theywerereallyexcited.I'dhadnodeamychallengewouldbringthiskindof27.Throughoutthesummer,Iworkedondevelopingaprogramtocarryour28intohighschool.Igavespeechestolocalclubsandgroups.Ialso29a“DropoutPatrol”,madeupofstudentswhowouldlbgwtohelpandsupportotherstudentsduringbadtimes.Thenwordbeganto30aboutourchallenge.Iappearedonlocaltelevision,andcallsstartedcominginfromeverywhere.Businessesarethrowingtheir31behindus.Wehavebanks,furniturestores,restaurantsandmorewherewecangetdiscountsforourentirefamilywhenweshowour “DropoutPatrol"IDAllthiswas32,becausewearejuststartingadifficultfour-yearjourney,butwehavealreadymadeasignificant33.Lastyear,13kidsdroppedoutofthefreshmanclass.Sofarthisyear,notasinglepersonwhosignedthecommitmenthas34,andthe“DropoutPatrolhasbecomethelargestorganizedgroupintheschool.TheErwinHigh“CommittedClasMofennium"wouldiketoencourageyourclasstostarta35likeours.Wouldn'tigbeatiftheentireclassofMillennium,nationwide,hada100percentgraduationrate?16.A.intensionB.honorC.enjoymentD.advantage17.A.invitedB.transformedC.promotedD.introduced18.A.normallyB.constantlyC.completelyD.gradually19.A.butB.forC.orD.so20.A.thinkingB.arguingC.dreamingD.talking21.A.controlledB.freedC.involvedD.trained22.A.trappedB.upsetC.movedD.hit23.A.successB.dropoutC.passD.graduation24.A.exploreB.leaveC.graduateD.develop25.A.unreliableB.reasonableC.acceptableD.unbelievable26.A.tellB.admitC.rememberD.suggest27.A.pressureB.behaviorC.responseD.respect28.A.commitmentB.researchC.applicationD.responsibility29.A.choseB.followedC.foundD.started30.A.disappearB.spreadC.leakD.come31.A.congratulationsB.supportC.questionsD.doubt32.A.amazingB.interestingC.relaxingD.convincing33.A.appointmentB.impressionC.decisionD.difference34.A.progressedB.quittedC.caredD.tried35.A.requirementB.performanceC.programD.ceremony.【答案】B【解析】此題是名詞題 ;根據(jù)空格前后 ,Iwasstudent-bodypresidentsincetherewereover1,000studentsintheschool.可知作者是學校學生會的主魔奇學校有 100多個學生 ,可知作者感到非常榮幸所以答案是honor;其余選項含義為：intention（目的;意圖）,enjoyment（享受），advantage（優(yōu)勢）;故正確答案是B。.【答案】C【解析】此題是動詞題；根據(jù)第一段句首可知作者現(xiàn)在是 8年級，又由于空格后有tohighschool,可知我們班是升入高中，所以答案是 promoted淇余選項含義為led（邀請）,transformed（轉換）ntroduced（介紹）;故正確答案是C。.【答案】A【解析】此題是副詞題；根據(jù)|knewthishadtobemorethanjustthebriefcomments以及Weretheclassofmillennium（千禧年 ）可知,作者認為這不是一次普通的發(fā)言 ,所以答案是 normally;其余選項含義為:constantly（不斷地）,completely（完全地）,graduall（逐漸地 ）;故正確答案是 A。.【答案】 D【解析】此題是連詞題 ;根據(jù)句空格前后可知 ,作者認為因為是千禧年 ,所以想讓這次演講與眾不同，所必答案是so;其余選項含義為but（但是）,for（原因）,or（否則）;故正確答案是D。.【答案】A【解析】此題是動詞題；根據(jù)|spentseveralnightslyinginbed以及Manythingscrossedmymind,結合作者躺在床上想這次演講講什么內容，所以答案是thinking;其余選項含義為：arguing（爭論）,dreaming（做夢）,talking（討論）;故正確答案是A。.【答案】C【解析】此題是動詞題；根據(jù)句意可知我能想到的演講內容不能涉及到我們所有的同學 ，所以答案是invoked;其余選項含義為controlled（控制）,freed（釋放）,trained（訓練）;故正確答案是C。.【答案】 D【解析】此題是動詞題 ;根據(jù)前文作者一直在想演講的內容 ,有一天 ,突然想起來一個好主意 ,所以答案是hit;其余選項含義為trapped（誘騙；困住），upset（使苦惱；使不適），moved（移動;打動）;故正確答案是D。.【答案】B【解析】此題是名詞題根據(jù)第四段作者成立的 a"Dropoutpatrl"madeupofstudentswhowouldbewillingtohelpandsupportotherstudentsduringbadtimes作者是因為母校輟學率高而決定幫助學生度過艱難的時期可知作者的學校輟學率很高 ，所以答案是 dropout其余選項含義為：success（成功）,pass（通過）,graduation（畢業(yè)）;故正確答案是B。24【答案】C【解析】此題是動詞題；根據(jù)上文可知學校輟學率亭以慢成立“DropoutPatrol"可知作者的目標是想幫助每一個學生畢業(yè)，所以答案是graduate:其余點含反：6x（探索），leave（離開）,develop（發(fā)展）;故正確答案是C.【答案】D【解析】此題是形容詞題；此處用來描述演講的開始，根據(jù)下文WhenIannouncedthechallengetomyclassmates,theentireaudience,includingtheparentsandteachers,brokeintoapplause可以推出演講一開始獲得的掌聲是超乎作者想象的 ,也就是“難以置信的 ,妙不可言的” ,所以答案是 unbelievable其余選項含義為reliab|e（不可彳t的），reasonab|e伶理的），acceptable（可接受的）;故正確答案是D。.【答案】A【解析】此題是動詞題 ;根據(jù)Asshowedthe能的personalizecertificatesandsignseach,studentwouldget可知當作者展示這些的時侯能夠分辨出大家是真的開心 ,所以答案是 tell;其余選項含義為:admit（承認），remember（記得）,suggest（建議；表明）;故正確答案是A。.【答案】C【解析】此題是名詞題；根據(jù)上文所有的觀眾都鼓掌可知， 此處是大家的回應，所以答案response余選項含義為：pressure（壓力），behavior（行為），respect（尊重）;故正確答案是C。.【答案】A【解析】此題是名詞題；根據(jù)前文Whenannouncedthechallengetomyclassmates可知作者已經(jīng)宣布了挑戰(zhàn)，給大家許下了承諾，所以答案是 commitment;其余選項含義為：research的究），application（申請;應用）,responsibility（責任）;故正確答案是A。.【答案】D【解析】此題是動詞題；根據(jù)上下文可知作者開始了“DropoutPatrol"，所以答案是started;其余選項含義為chose（選擇）,followed（跟隨）,found（發(fā)現(xiàn)）故正確答案是D.【答案】B【解析】此題是動詞題 ；根據(jù)下文Iappearedonlocaltelevisionandcallsstartedcominginfromeverywhere可知有關我們挑戰(zhàn)的報道開始傳播 ，所以答案是spread其余選項含義為：disappear（消失）,leak（泄漏）,come（來）;故正確答案是B。.【答案】【解析】此題是名詞題；根據(jù)下文Wehavebanks,furniturestores,restaurantsandmorewherewecangetdiscountsforourentirefamilywhenweshowour"DropoutPatrol"IDcards 可知我們得至U了很多支持和幫助，所以答案是support;其余選項含義為：congratulations（恭喜），questions（問題），doubt（懷疑）;故正確答案是B。.【答案］A【解析】此題是形容詞題；根據(jù)下文becausewearejuststartingadifficultfour-yearjourney,butwehavealreadymadeasignificant….以及下文說今年沒有一個學生輟學，可知作者非常地吃驚驚喜。所以答案是amazing;其余選項含義為：interesting（有興趣的），relaxing（放松的）,convinc|ng（令人相信的；有說服力的）。故正確答案是A。.【答案】D【解析】此題是名詞題；根據(jù)下文作者把去年輟學學 13人和今年沒有人輟學進行對比可知取不進步有很大的作用，makeadifference意思是有影響，起作用，所以答案是 difference;其余選項含義為appointment（約會）,impression（印象）,decision（決定）;故正確答案是D。.【答案】B【解析】此題是動詞題；根據(jù)下文“DropoutPatrol"hasbecomethelargestorganizedgroupintheschool.可知DropoutPatrol成為學校最大的組織，說明這個組織起到了作用，學校今年沒有人退學，所以答案是quitted;其余選項含義為：progressed（進步）,cared（在乎）,tried（試圖）;故正確答案是B。.【答案】C【解析】此題是名詞題；根據(jù)動詞stat和空格名詞的搭配可知是創(chuàng)建和作者項目一樣的項目。所以答案是program;其余選項含義為requirement（要求）,performance（表現(xiàn)）,ceremony（典禮；儀式），故正確答案是Co第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)， 40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGreatBooksforEveryReader-. SheFliesThroughtheAirJ CircusLifeT LeeStath（Marilees）$She^FHes Paperback$TheA<r E-book$Havingfearofheightsisdefinitelynotanadvantagewhenflyingovercircusringsorswingingfromonetrapezetotheother.RatherconstantpracticeanddeterminationledtrapezeperformernowauthorLeeStath,alsoknowninthecircusworldaspartofTheFlyingMarilees,tosharehowhisinstructormadeoneofthebestcatchersinthecircusworldoutofanunwillingschoolteacher.ThroughSheFliesThroughtheAir,Stathuncoversthedeterminationofthehumanspiritandtheenergeticlifeonacircustrainorinsideasweatytintruck.NeverQuotetheWeathertoaSeaLion

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$ForPaulBinderthecircuswasnmerelyaweekendescape-itwasalifestyle.DiscovertheoriginsofNewYork'belovedBigApplecircusinBinder'snewmemoir,whichrecordshisjourneyfromlowlybeginningstocircusfounder.NeverQuotetheWeathertoaSeaLionwillhelpreadersunderstandtheinner-workingofthecircusandfindthemagicineverydaylife.PaulBinder

$NtwRuimV.l'N^WILKAACenturyonNewBrunswick's.MiramichiNtwRuimV.l'N^WILKAGeorgeS.Mumford$Paperback$E-book$ACenturyonExperiencethegreatnessofnatureandthegloryoflife.InACenturyonNewBrunswicks'.Miramichi,GeorgeS.Mumfordshareshisfather'snouhaarecordedanunforgettablefirsttriptoabreathtakingregionofCanada.IChosetoBea.MarineGeorgeW.Carrington$Paperback$E-book$smilitarymemoirsIChosetobea.MarineisauthorGeorgeW.Carringtonduringhismanyyearsasa.soldieratsea.Thishighlyinterestingandinformativebookisfilledwithstoriesofbraveryandheroismlightenedbyamusingstories,tellsoftheauthormarines.smilitarymemoirsslifeintheIfyouareinterestedinCanadianwilderness,youcanread.slifeintheSheFliesThroughtheAirIChosetoBea.MarineNeverQuotetheWeathertoaSeaLionACenturyonNewBrunswicks.Miramichi【答案】D【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)；本篇閱讀介紹的四本書中只有第三本 ACenturyonNewBrunswick's.Miramichi提及了加拿大，故正確答案是D。Whichtwoauthorsofthefollowinghaveasimilarexperience?LeeStathandPaulBinder.LeeStathandGeorgeS.Mumford.PaulBinderandGeorgeW.Carrington.GeorgeS.MumfordandGeorgeW.Carrington.【答案】A【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)；本篇閱讀介紹的四本書中，第一本書和第二本書均講述了與馬戲團有關的人生經(jīng)歷，所以第一本書的作者 Leestat和第二本書的作者 PaulBinder擁有相似的經(jīng)歷，故正確答案是AThemainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.introducetheauthors B.providespecialoffersC.expandreaders'horizon D.recommendthebooks【答案】D【解析】此題考查文章主旨；文章一共介紹了四本書籍，并羅列了每本書籍的內容簡介與每本書的精彩之處 ,目的就是來推薦書籍 ,故正確答案是 D。BIndian-originAnvithaVijayhasgivenanewmeaningtothephrase “age;isshjueshtasnpurmovbeedr ”thatachievementsandknowledgefollowpassionandnotjustageandexperience.Vijay,wholiveswithherparentsinMelbourne,Australia,attheageofsevenrealisedthatherpiggybankdidnothaveenoughmoneytohireadevelopertomakeheranapp,soshedecidedtoteachherselfhowtocode.WiththehelpofYouTubevideos,theyoungtechielearnedtocode.Foroneentireyear,shewatchedmultiplecodingtutorialsonthewebandbecameaprogrammerherself.Vijay’inspirationfordevelopingtheappswasherlittlesister,whowasstilllearningtotalk.Therefore,Vijaydevelopedaneducationalappforchildrenthatwerehersister ’sage.TheappiscalledSmartkins,which100soundsandflashcardsofdifferentanimalsthathelpchildrenlearnandidentify.Later,VijaydevelopedasimilariOSappforchildrentoidentifyandlearncolors.Eachapphasbeendownloadedthousandsoftimes.Anvitha’sksillswonherascholarshiptoattendabigtechconferencehostedbyAppleinSanFrancisco,California.There,shegottipsfromthepros.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshelearnedaboutthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding.Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.Thisone,calledGoalsHi,inspireskidstopracticegoodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoals,suchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano.Anvithasaystherewardsarelikegettingastickerforajobwelldone.Anvitha’gsoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butevenmoreimportanttoheristhattheworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkids ’hands.“Themoretraininanearlyage,”shesays,“thebetterchancewehaveocfrebaetcivoimtyincghampionswhowillonedaychangetheworld.”Vijaytaughtherselftocodebecause .A.shecouldn’taffordadeveloper B.hersisterbeggedherC.shevaluedhersavingsverymuch D.herparentshadconfidenceinher【答案】A【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)；Vijay學習編碼的理由可以定位到文章第二段第一句話"vjay,….tohireadevelopertomakeheranapp."表明Vjay沒有錢去雇開發(fā)者來幫她做 app,故正確答案是A。Vijay’sappGoalsHiintendstohelpkids .A.identifycolors B.practicegoodhabitsC.learndifferentanimals D.getintechatanearlyage【答案】B【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)；通過題干可以定位到文章第五段第 Aie"Thisone,calledGoalshi,inspireskidstopracticegoodhabits表明這個軟件是為了鼓勵孩子培養(yǎng)好的習慣 ;故正確答案是 B。Whatistherightorderoftheevents?Learningthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding.Teachingherselfhowtocode.DevelopingSmartkinsapp.BuildingiOSapp.A.cbad B.bacd C.bcda D.cdab【答案】 C【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié) ;題干要求對文章的故事脈絡進行順序排序 ,因此是把握全文的題目。首先第二段介紹了 Vjay自學編碼的故事，對應b;第三段為了幫助自己的妹妹建立認知和識別能力開發(fā)出來了Smartkins軟彳對應c;第三段倒數(shù)第二行，隨后開發(fā)了一個相似的iOs軟彳,對應d接著第四段倒數(shù)第二行"Shewenttoworkshopswheresheleamedaboutthelatestsoftwareforappbuilding,她去了一些研討會,在那里她學習了最新的應用程序軟件，對應a,故正確答案是CoVijay’sstoryindicatesthat .oneheadcannotholdallwisdompassionfuelstheyoungtoachievefromsmallbeginningscomegreatthingsallthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy【答案】B【解析】此題考查文章主旨；A選項一個人的頭腦不能容納所有人的智慧 ；與文章題目不符；B選項熱情激勵年輕人有所成就；C選項小的開始也能成就大事；D選項一切事物在變得容易之前都是困難的 ；根據(jù)文章第一段第二行" shehasprovedthatachievementsandknowledgefollowpassionandnotjustageandexperience證明，成就和知識跟隨激情，而不僅僅僅僅是年齡和經(jīng)驗。故正確答案是 BCBritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurham,afterstudyingtheresultsofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-RomanwrestlingandfreestylewrestlingmatchesattheOlympicGames,concludethatwhentwocompetitorsareequallymatchedinfitnessandskill,theathletewearingredismorelikelytowin.HillandBartonreportthatwhenonecompetitorismuchbetterthantheother,colourhasnoeffectontheresult.However,whenthereisonlyasmalldifferencebetweenthem,theeffectofcolourisenoughtotipthebalance.Theanthropologistssaythatthenumberoftimesredwinsisnotsimplybychance,butthattheseresultsarestatisticallysignificant.JoannaSetchell,aprimate（靈長目動物）researcherattheUniversityofCambridge,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.ShestudiesthelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrills.Mandrillshavebrightrednosesthatstandoutagainsttheirwhitefaces.Setchell 'sworkphowesfuhamaes—theoneswhoaremoresuccessfulwithfemales—haveabrighterrednosethanothermales.AswellasthestudiesonprimatesbySetchell,anotherstudyshowstheeffectofredamongbirds.Inanexperiment,scientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesandthisincreasedthebirds 'withfemalezebrafinches.Zebrafinchesalreadyhavebrightredbeaks（鳥喙），sothisstudysuggeststhat,aswithOlympicathletes,anextraflashofredissignificant.Infact,researchersfromtheUniversityofGlasgowsaythatthebirds'brightlycolouredbeaksareanindicatorofhealth.JonathanBlount,abiologist,andhiscolleaguesthinktheyhavefoundproofthatbrightredororangebeaksattractfemalesbecausetheymeanthatthemalesarehealthier.Nothinginnatureissimple,however,becauseinspeciessuchasthebluefootedbooby,acompletelydifferentcolourseemstogivethemalebirdsthesameadvantagewithfemales.Meanwhile,whataboutthoseathleteswhowinintheireventswhilewearingred?Dotheirclothesgivethemanunintentionaladvantage?RobertBartonacceptsthat “thatistheimplication "oftheirfindings.Isportsauthoritiestoconsidernewregulationsonsportsclothing?Accordingtotheirresearch,HillandBartonconcludethat.thecolourofclothinghasaneffectonmostsporteventsredshouldbethechoiceofcolourforclothinginsportsredplaysarolewhencompetitorsareequallycapableathletesperformbetterwhensurroundedbybrightred【答案】C【解析】此題考查段落主旨。 根據(jù)題干中的HillandBartonconclude可定位到文章第一段最后一句。“whentwocompetitorsareequallymatchedinfitnessandskill,theathletewearingredismorelikelytowin,在本句中equallymatched對應C選頂中的equallycapable,而morelikelytowin對應C選項中的playsarole。故正確答案是CTheunderlinedwordtip"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A.achieve B.seek C.keep D.change【答案】D【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干信息定位到文章第二段。第二段前兩句話以 however作為過渡詞，所以關系應該為轉折。第一句的colourhasnoeffectontheresult與第二句的theeffectofcolourisenoughtotipthebalance應該表達相反的意思。第一句說沒有效果 ，所以此處tjp應該表達“打破、改變”的意思。故正確答案是DTheexampleofthebluefootedboobyprovesthat.malebirdsusedifferentbodypartstodrawattentionredisnottheonlycolourtoattractfemalebirdsbluegivesfemalebirdsthesameadvantagebluecanindicatehowhealthyabirdis【答案】B【解析】此題考查段落主旨。根據(jù)題干中的bluefootedbooby可以定位到文章第四段后半部分。而根據(jù)題干中的example一詞可知例子是用來證明作者前面提到的觀點。該段前半部分用了大量的篇幅表達紅色對于雌性鳥類的吸引。brightredororangebeaksattractfemales.而后面的however表示轉折。后半句中再次提到differentcolourseemstogivethemalebirdsthesameadvantagewithfemales.此句中thesameadvantage代的是前方的 attractfemales;故正確答案是B.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatColourImpliesMorePower? B.ATiponClothingC.NeedtoChangetheRulesinSports? D.RedIsforWinners【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題干中的besttitle可知 ,此題考查全文主旨。文章分為 5段。第1段用研究結果表明同等條件下 ,穿紅色衣服的運動員獲勝機率更大 ;第2段表明根據(jù)數(shù)字統(tǒng)計 ,紅色獲勝并非偶然 ;第3段說自然界中紅鼻猴子更具優(yōu)勢 ;第4段說在鳥類中同樣更具優(yōu)勢 ;第5段提及是否由于這一現(xiàn)象的存在而在體育比賽中更改規(guī)則使比賽更加公平。RedIsforwinners最符合題意。故正確答案是 DDTheyhideintrees,hangfromhelicopters,evenfollowpeopledownonmotorcycles—allsothattheycansnapashotofacelebrity.Theyarepaparazzi—photographerswhomakealivingbytakingpicturesoftherichandfamous.ThisSeptember,California,astatewithplentyofcelebrities,passedalawaimedattakingactionagainstpaparazzi.Thelawforbidsphotographersfromenteringprivatepropertytotakepictures,fromusinghigh-techdevicestotakepicturesofpeopleonprivateproperty,andfrom“persistentlyfollowinginordertotakeapicture.”Violatorscanbefinedorspendtimeinprison.TheUnitedStateCongressisconsideringpassingasimilarlaw.SupportersoftheCalifornialawsayitwillprotecttheprivacyofcelebrities,whompaparazzihavebeenbotheringforyears.Opponents（反對者）saythelawrestrictsphotojournalistsfromdoingtheirjob.Mostcelebritiesseemtolikehavingtheirpicturestakenwhentheyareinpublicatawardshowsorotherevents.Afterall,it’sfreepublicity.Butwhenthey’renotinpublic,theysay,photographersshouldleavethemalone.Yetpaparazzihavebeenknowntosecretlylookinwindowsandworse.ActorMichaelJ.Foxsaidthatpaparazzihaveeven“triedtopretendtobemedicalpersonnelatthehospitalwheremywifewasgivingbirthtoourson.”Celebritieshaveasmuchrighttotheirprivacyasanyoneelse,supportersofthelawstate.SupportersfurtherarguethattheCalifornialawisafairwaytokeepthepressatbay,becausethelawstillallowsphotographerstodotheirjob.Itonlypunishesthem,supporterssay,whentheyviolatecelebrities’privacy.OpponentsofthelawsayitviolatestheFirstAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution（美國憲法第一修正案）,whichguaranteesthatnolawswillbemadetolimit “thefreedomofspeech,orofthepress.”Althoughsomepeoplemightnotconsiderpaparazziapartofthelegalpress,theCalifornialawdoesnotsingleoutpaparazzi.Itappliestophotographersworkingforanypublication.Opponentsofthelawarealsoconcernedaboutitswording. “Does‘persistently’meanfollowingsomeoneforsixminutes,sixseconds,orsixdays?”askedlawyerDouglasMirell.Thewordingofthelawistoovague,criticscomplain,andcouldbeusedtopunishalmostanynewsphotographer.TheUnitedStatesneedsafreepresstokeepthepublicinformedaboutimportantnews,paparazzilawopponentssay.Limitingthepressinanyway,theyargue,limitsthefreedomofall.WhichofthefollowingwillbeconsideredillegalbythenewCalifornialaw?Paparazzislippingintothehouseofafamouspersontotakeashot.Paparazzitakingphotosoffamouspeoplewithhigh-techcameras.Paparazzihiringhelicoptersasafastmeansoftransportation.Paparazzirushingtowardsfilmingsitesonmotorcycles.【答案】A【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)根據(jù)題目定位到第第二段第二句話 Thelawforbidsphotographersfromenteringprivatepropertytotakepictures”,說明在新的法律中是禁止狗仔隊進入私人府邸去拍照的 ;與A選項完全相符；B選項中"withhigh-techcameras"與文章中"withhigh-techdevices”信息重疊但文中說不可以利用高科技設備去拍攝私人府邸，而不是選項中，不可以利用高科技相機拍照，選項與文意不符，故排除B;C和D均是文章首段提及的狗仔隊采取過的拍攝手段 ，與新法律提及的保護私人府邸的隱私無關 ；故正確答案是A。Supportersofthenewlawbelievethat.itpreventsthemediafromgettingworseitgivesphotographersafairwaytocompetepunishmentforcespaparazzitoquittheirjobprivacyoffamouspeopleneedsspecialprotection【答案】A【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié)；定位在文中第五段第二句 ,SupportersfurtherarguethattheCalifornialawisafairwaytokeepthepressatbay,.”可知支持者認為新的法律是可以讓新聞界保持中立發(fā)展的 ，與A選項防止媒體界發(fā)展的越來越糟糕完全相符 ；從第五段".becausethelawstillallowsphotographerstodotheirjob.Itonlypunishesthem,supporterssay,whentheyviolatecelebritiesprivacy”可知新的法律新沒宥弓I起攝影師之間的競爭、制止狗仔隊的工作，它只是規(guī)范了行業(yè)，避免名人的隱私被過分挖掘，但也沒有對名人的隱私做額外的保護，因此BCD與文意不符，可排除，故正確答案是AoOpponentsofthenewlawareconcernedthat.Itwillviolatepaparazzi'sprivacytheFirstAmendmentwillbechangedsomephotographerswillbewronglyaccusedpeoplewillnotbeinformedofimportantnews【答案】C【解析】此題考查文章細節(jié) ；定位在第七段最后一句。"Thewordingofthelawistoovague,criticscomplain,andcouldbeusedtopunishalmostanynewsphotographer."法律的用詞太過于模糊，這樣的用詞會讓幾乎所有的新攝影師被處罰 （控告，與C項相符合；A選項意為“它將侵犯狗仔隊的隱私”，與文章內容不符合，故排除A選項;B選項意為“美國憲法第一修正案將被更改 ，文中提到新法律的反對者認為新的法律與美國憲法第一修正案相違背，但并沒有提及將對美國憲法第一修正案進行修改 ，故排除B選項;D選項意為“重要的新聞將無法告訴人們：文中并未提,故排除D;故正確答案是CoWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewCalifornialaw?A.Critical. B.Neutral. C.Approving. D.Sceptical.【答案】B【解析】此題為考查作者態(tài)度的主旨題。整篇文章作者在陳述的是關于 California新法律出臺，支持者和反對者的觀點及態(tài)度，并沒有傾向一方，故正確答案是Bo第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。BadNewsfortheHighlyIntelligentThereareadvantagestobeingsmart.PeoplewhodowellonIQteststendtobemoresuccessfulintheclassroomandtheworkplace.Theyalsotendtolivelonger,healthierlives,andarelesslikelytoexperiencenegativelifeevents.51Inastudy,RuthKarpinskiandhercolleaguescarriedoutastudyonthemembersofMensa,ahighIQsociety.Thestudycoveredmood（情緒）disordersandanxietydisorders.Respondentswereaskedtoreportwhethertheyhadeversufferedfromeachdisorder.TheresearcherscomparedthepercentageofthosewhoreporteddisordertothenationalaverageandfoundthatMensa 'shighlyintelligentmembersweremorelikesufferfromarangeofseriousdisorders.Toexplaintheirfindings,Karpinskiandhisteambringupthehyperbrainandhyperbodytheory.Thistheoryholdsthat,forallofitsadvantages,beinghighlyintelligentisassociatedwithpsychologicalandphysiological“overexcitabilitiesorOE.,52Thiscanincludeanythingfromanastonishingsoundtoconflictwithanotherperson.Accordingtothetheory,OEsaremorecommoninhighlyintelligentpeople.Ahighlyintelligentpersonmayoveranalyzeadisapprovingcommentmadebyaboss,imagi